Types of memory 10 to11

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Types of Memories used in computer

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ObjectiveOn completion of this period, you would be able to learn:

Functions of Memory.

Types of Memory.

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Recap

Blocks in CPU

Control Unit & Arithmetic and Logical Unit.

Functions of CPU

Performs calculations, takes decisions, and controls all the units.

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Memory

A space to keep computer’s data.

It stores program, data, results or any kind of intermediate results.

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Memory (contd...)

Memory stores binary data i.e. 0’s and 1’s.

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Types of Memory

Primary memory (Semiconductor memory).

Secondary memory (magnetic memory).

Optical memory.

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Primary memory:

The semiconductor memory is employed as the main memory (or primary memory).

It stores programs and data which are currently needed by the CPU.

RAM and ROM ICs are used as the main memory of the computer

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Primary Memory (contd...)

The storage type is temporary

It is volatile memory

Storage capacity is limited

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Primary memory (contd):

It is part of CPU.

Used for storing a little volume of data at the time of processing.

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Secondary memory

The magnetic memory is called as the secondary memory (auxiliary memory).

The information which is needed by the CPU for current processing is transferred from the secondary memory to the main memory.

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Secondary memory (contd)

This is non-volatile memory, i.e., data is stored permanently.

The secondary memory is used for bulk storage (mass storage) of programs, data and other information.

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Secondary memory (contd)

Storage capacity is enlarged.

Used for preserving high volume of data for future use

The magnetic memories such as hard disk and floppy disk are the most commonly used.

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Types of memory

MEMORYMEMORY

PRIMARY MEMORY(INTERNAL MEMORY)

PRIMARY MEMORY(INTERNAL MEMORY)

SECONDARY MEMORY(EXTERNAL MEMORY)

SECONDARY MEMORY(EXTERNAL MEMORY)

CPUCPU

REGISTERREGISTER ON CHIPCACHE

ON CHIPCACHE

MAGNETICTAPE

MAGNETICTAPE MAGNETIC

DISK

MAGNETICDISK

OPTICALDISK

OPTICALDISK

RAMRAM ROMROM

DRAMDRAMSRAMSRAM PROMPROM EPROMEPROM

EEPROMEEPROM

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Random Access Memory (RAM)

It is volatile memory i.e. temporary memory.

Performs both read and write operations.

Usually hidden to users.

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TYPES OF RAM

Storage capacity is limited.

DRAM

SRAM

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Static RAM

Static RAM retains stored information only as long as power supply is on.

Static RAMs are costlier and consume more power.

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Static RAM (contd..)

Static RAM is faster. It is used as cache memory.

Static RAMs hold information in flip-flop, consisting of two cross coupled inverters.

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Dynamic RAM

Dynamic RAM loses its stored information in a very short time even though the power supply is on.

Only one transistor is needed to form a memory cell and result in high packing density and moderate speed.

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Dynamic RAM (contd)

They consume less power.

They are used where large capacity of memory is needed.

Dynamic RAM is cheaper.

It is used as main memory.

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Random Access Memory

Fig 1

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Read Only Memory (ROM)

It is non-volatile memory .i.e. permanent storage.

Performs only read operations.

Limited storage capacity.

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Types Of ROM

1. PROM - (Programmable Read Only Memory)

2. EPROM - (Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory)

3. EEPROM - (Electrically Erasable PROM)

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Cache Memory

Cache memory is placed between the CPU and the main memory.

It stores instructions and data which are to be immediately executed.

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Cache Memory (contd...)

It is not accessible to users i.e. information

cannot be written into cache memory by users.

It increases the performance of the computer

up to 15%.

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Summary

In this class, we have learnt about

Functions of memory.

Types of memory.

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Frequently Asked Questions

1. Explain the types of memories?

2. Explain the functions of memory?

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Quiz

1. Is RAM a Volatile memory?

a. No

b. Yes

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Quiz:

2. Is ROM a Non volatile memory?

a. Yes

b. No

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Quiz

3. What is the form of data in the memory?

a. Decimal

b. Binary

c. Octal

d. Hexadecimal