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TWO DAYS AWARENESS –CUM-DEMONSTRATION PRORGAMME
ON EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT CONSTRUCTIONS IN HIMACHAL
PRADESH FOR THE JUNIOR ENGINEERS AND MASONS OF
KANGRA, CHAMBA, HAMIRPUR & UNA DISTRICTS, HIMACHAL
PRADESH
With the Technical Collaboration of
CENTRAL BUILDING RESEARCH INSTITUTE (CBRI), ROORKEE
Organized by
STATE COUNCIL FOR SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY & ENVIRONMENT,
34 SDA COMPLEX , KASUMPTI, SHIMLA-9
TWO DAYS TRAINING WORKSHOP ON EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT CONSTRUCTIONS IN HIMACHAL PRADESH
VENUE: Conference Hall, Director (Extension), CSKKV Palampur
PROGRAMME: 21-22 February 2017
Day -1: 21 February 2017 (9:30AM-5:30PM)
9:30-10:30 Registration of Participants
10:30-11:30 Inaugural Function
10:30-10:40 Welcome & Opening Address Sh.Kunal Satyarthi, IFS
Chief Scientific Officer-cum-Joint Member Secretary
10:50-11:00 Keynote Address Er.Y.Pandey,
Chief Scientific Officer, CBRI Roorkee
11:00-11:10 Special Address by Guest of Honour Dr.Sanjay Sharma,
Director, IHBT Palampur
11:10-11:30 Hazard Vulnerability of Himachal Pradesh-An
overview Dr.S.S.Randhawa
Senior Scientific Officer,SCSTE
11:30-11:45 Film Show about CSIR-CBRI
11:45 -12:00 Inaugural Address by Chief Guest Ms. Nandita Gupta, IAS
Divisional Commissioner , Kangra
12:00-12:05 Vote of Thanks Dr.S.S.Randhawa
12:05-12:15 Tea Break
12:15-12:55 Appropriate Rural Housing Technologies and
material for the District (H.P.)-General Exposure on Philosophy
Ar.S.K.Negi, Head DC&E Division, CBRI Roorkee
12:55-01:30 Impact of Landslides & their control measures Dr. R. Dharam Raju
CBRI Roorkee
01:30-02:15 Lunch Break
02:15-03:15 Design & Construction of Hill Houses
-Durability and Safety -Cost and Functional Efficiency
Er.H.K.Jain, CBRI Roorkee
03:15-05:00 Demonstration of Appropriate Housing Techniques Er.H.K.Jain, Ar.Swati & Er.Vishal Singh
CBRI Roorkee
Day-2: 22 February 2017 (9:00AM-3:35PM)
09:00-09:30 Technical Film Show
09:30-10:30 Earthquake, wind and snow resistant designs of
houses Er S K Singh, CBRI Roorkee
10:30-11:00 Earthquake, Resistant rural housing techniques-
general trips w.r.t Himachal. Dr.Sunil Bhardwaj, DRDO Chandigarh.
11:00-11:15 Tea Break
11:15-12:00 Quality Control in Hill Construction Er.H.K.Jain,CBRI Roorkee
12:00-01:00 Demonstration of EQ safety in houses Er.H.K.Jain, Ar.Swati&Er.Vishal Singh
CBRI Roorkee
01:00-01:45 Lunch Break
01:45-02:45 Discussions & Way Forward
03:00- 03:30 Valedictory Function
03:00- 03:30 Valedictory Address Dr. P.K.Mehta
Director Extension, CSK Agri. University Palampur.
03:30-03:35 Vote of Thanks Dr.S.S.Randhawa
TWO DAYS AWARENESS –CUM-DEMONSTRATION PRORGAMME
ON EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT CONSTRUCTIONS IN HIMACHAL
PRADESH FOR THE JUNIOR ENGINEERS AND MASONS OF
KANGRA, CHAMBA, HAMIRPUR & UNA DISTRICTS, HIMACHAL
PRADESH
INTRODUCTION:
Himalayas are considered to be the youngest mountain chains in
the world are still in building phase and are seismically very active. Himachal
Pradesh which forms a part of the Northwestern Himalaya is highly vulnerable to
different kinds of natural disasters. The state as a whole is prone to prominent
natural disaster such as earthquakes, landslides, flash floods, avalanches,
droughts etc. and the state experiences the fury of one or the other disaster
every year. From the seismicity point of view Himachal Pradesh is considered to
be very sensitive as it falls in zone V and IV as per the Seismic zoning Map of
India.
Zone V: Covers the areas liable to seismic intensity IX and above on
Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale. This is the most severe seismic
zone and is referred as Very High Damage Risk Zone.
Zone IV: Gives the area liable to MM VIII. This zone is second in severity
to zone V.
During the last century the state has been shaken by a number of
micro as well as macro earthquakes. A number of damaging earthquakes has
struck the state and
the adjoining parts of
Punjab, U.P.and J&
K. Some of the
prominent
earthquakes that
rocked the state are
Kangra earthquake
1905(M=8.0) in
which 18,815 people
were killed, Kinnaur
earthquake 1975
(M=6.7) in which 60
people lost their lives
and Dharamshala
earthquake 1986 (M5.7). During the last century the state experienced 141
earthquakes with the magnitude between 3-3.9 on Richter scale, 22 earthquakes
having magnitude 4-4.9, 43 having magnitude between 5-5.9, 7 earthquakes
having magnitude 6-6.9 and only 1 earthquake having magnitude 8 on Richter
scale and there are about 1130 earthquakes with magnitude less than 3 on
Richter scale. As per the earthquake hazard map of state, the areas falling in
districts Chamba, Kangra, Mandi, Kullu, Hamirpur Bilaspur and Una are very
sensitive as they fall in Very High Damage Risk Zone (MSK IX or More) where as
the rest of the areas falls in High Damage Risk Zone (MSK VIII) Fig.1.Some of
the major devastating earthquake that have rocked the state during the last
century are as under:
EARTHQUAKES HAVING MAGNITUDE 4 OR MORE ON RICHTER SCALE IN HIMACHAL PRADESH DURING THE LAST 200 YEARS
S.No Year Month Day Magnitude Coordinates Tentative location
1 1809 - 5.5 30042’00” Near Labrang (Distt.Kinnaur)
780 30’00”
2 1827 9 5.5 32030’00” Near Dalhousie
76000’00” (Chamba Distt.)
3 1856 4 7 5 31000’00” Near Ranhog(Distt.Solan)
77000’00”
4 1858 8 11 5 3107’12” Shimla(Distt.Shimla)
77010’12”
5 1865 4 11 --- Shimla region
6 1905 4 4 8 32018’00” Karari Dal(Distt.Kangra)
76015’00”
7 1906 2 28 7 32000’00” Near Karshing(Distt.Kullu)
770 00’00”
8 1930 5 11 5.5 31042’00” Shila Kiepr (Mandi Distt.)
77000’00”
9 1940 4 7 ----- 31 05 Near kali Hatti ,District Shimla
77 00
10 1945 6 22 6.5 32036’00” Minu (Chmaba Distt.)
75054’00”
11 1947 7 10 6.2 32036’00” Minu (Chmaba Distt.)
75054’00”
12 1950 8 12 5.5 32036’00” Minu (Chmaba Distt.)
75054’00”
13 1951 9 22 6.4 32 36 East of Dhan Kanda ,District Chamba
76 30
14 1962 9 15 5.5 31054’00” Near Dehra Gopipur (Distt.Kangra)
76012’00”
15 1965 2 21 4.5 32 14 Near Bara Banghal, District kangra
76 54
16 1967 9 20 --- 32 36 Near Rajpura, District Chamba
76 06
17 1968 5 11 4.9 32 22 Near Atrori, District Chamba
76 22
18 1969 1 23 4 32 14 Near Trilokpur,District Kangra
76 03
19 1970 3 5 4.9 32 24 Near Sani,District Chamba
76 29
20 1972 1 29 4.7 32 51
75 54
21 1973 12 16 4.9 32 17 Near Mordhu,District Chamba
76 01
22 1974 11 16 4.8 32 50 Tissa, District Chamba 76 08
23 1975 10 30 5.2 32 54 Near Bhujara, District Chamba
76 00
24 1975 12 11 5.1 32 50 Near Jankar,Sumdo,Lahaul
& Spiti 76 58
25 1975 12 10 5 32 49 Near Chhajaut,District
Chamba 76 11
26 1975 1 19 6.7 31056’24” Distt.Kinnaur
78031’48”
27 1975 2 2 5.1 32033’36” Indo China Border
78053’00”
28 1975 7 19 5.1 31057’00” Near Chnago(Kinnaur Distt.)
78035’24”
29 1975 7 29 5.5 32034’12” Near Kanum (Distt.Kinnaur)
78029’24”
30 1975 2 10 5.3 32057’00” Near Janu
76006’ 00” Pass(ChambaDistt.)
31 1975 2 11 5 33000’00” Near Sathrundi (Chamba Distt.)
76010’12”
32 1976 1 7 5.3 32058’12” Dunchili Gad (Chamba Distt.)
7607’12”
33 1976 1 9 4.7 32 59 Along J&K Border
76 01
34 1976 2 5 5 31014’24” Near Chebri (Distt.Shimla)
77001’48”
35 1976 4 10 4.5 32 43 Near Balthal Got, District Chamba
76 30
36 1976 4 16 4 32 52 Near makkan, District Chamba
76 00
37 1976 7 6 5.1 32026’24” Near Raksham (Kinnaur Distt.)
78021’00”
38 1976 9 8 5.3 32014’08” Near Baspa origin(Kinnaur Distt.)
78045’36”
39 1977 2 19 5.4 31048’00” Near Rangbar Thachang
(Distt.Kinnaur) 78025’48”
40 1977 3 27 5.1 32040’12” Lenchichi (Kinnaur Distt.)
78039’36”
41 1978 6 14 5 32014’24” Near SinghauPass, along Kangra Border
District.Chamba 76036’36”
42 1979 1 19 4.1 32 22 Near Chandota Pass, District Chamba
76 28
43 1980 5 29 4.2 31 33
76 33
44 1980 9 4 4 32 00 Near Pajaund,District Mandi
76 54
45 1980 11 26 4 32 29 Near Khaddar,District
76 24 Chamba
46 1981 2 14 4 32 35 Near Bara Kanda,District
Chamba 76 37
47 1981 6 19 4.5 32 43 Near Lohari,District Chamba
76 00
48 1981 6 13 5 31049’12” Nalpaya Thach (Distt.Kinnaur)
78027’36”
49 1981 5 28 5.2 31049’48” Barling (Kinnaur Distt.)
78025’48”
50 1982 5 18 4 32 25 Near Chagrauta ,District Chamba
76 24
51 1983 2 27 5.3 32036’00” Khadi Thach (Distt.Kinnaur)
78034’12”
52 1983 4 13 4 32 46 Near Tikkri Khas, District Chamba
76 14
53 1985 3 11 4.8 31 15 Near Malaun,District Shimla
77 00
54 1985 12 29 4.9 32 37 Near Theru, District Chamba
76 06
55 1986 4 26 5.5 32019’00” Near Nag Dal (Boundary of
Chamba and Kangra distt.)
76024’00”
56 1987 6 10 4.7 31 55 Near Daton, District Chamba
76 26
57 1987 12 26 4.3 32 07 Near Dewal Khas,DIstrict Kangra
76 41
58 1991 6 23 4.6 32 18 Near Gataunda, District Shimla
76 42
59 1992 1 26 4.5 32 16 Near Bhagsu Nath, District Kangra
76 24
60 1992 2 13 4.5 32 37 East of Dhan Kanda,
76 30 District Chamba
61 1992 9 6 4.6 32 25 Near Darkund, District Chamba
76 20
62 1996 5 9 4 32 50 Near Kuntka Matha,DIstrict
Chamba 76 19
63 1996 5 23 4.2 32 42 Near East of Kagal Dhar, District
Chamba 76 29
64 1996 7 14 4.1 32 37 Near East of Dhan Kanda, DIstrict
Chamba 76 31
65 1996 9 14 4.6 32 49 Near Kala Ka Bhandar,District
Chamba 76 22
66 1997 7 29 4.7 31 33 Near Baldwara, District Mandi
76 48
67 1997 8 13 4.2 31 12 Near Jajjar, District Solan
76 41
68 1998 10 17 4.5 32 12 Near Kandha, District Kangra
76 32
69 1999 5 30 4.9 31 48 36 Near Miyang Lung,District Kinnaur
78 54 36
70 1999 1 8 4.2 31 26 24 Near Mehog,District Mandi 77 18 00
71 1999 5 30 4.9 31 48 36 Near Miyang Lung,District Kinnaur
78 54 36
72 1999 1 8 4.1 31 22 48 Near Karsog,District Mandi 77 17 24
72 2000 4 28 4.1 31 30 36 Near mehbar, District kinnaur 78 15 00
73 2000 8 28 4.5 32 01 48
78 18 00
74 2000 9 26 4 30 55 12
75 39 00
75 2000 6 17 4.3 31 48 00 Near Nalpaya, DIstrict Kinnaur 78 27 00
76 2001 6 17 4.2 32 42 36
78 26 24
77 2001 1 22 4 31 04 12 Along Uttranchal Border 77 55 48
78 2001 2 23 4 30 55 48 Along Uttranchal Border 78 00 00
79 2001 9 18 5.1 33 13 12
75 36 36
80 2001 14 4.7 32 31 12 Near Pundla, District Chamba
76 06 00
81 2001 23 4.6 33 07 12
75 40 12
82 2002 1 27 5.1 33 06 36
75 49 48
83 2002 3 17 4.1 32 46 48
75 55 48
84 2002 2 17 4.1 33 06 00
75 40 48
(Source: IMD: India Meteorological Department, DLDH- Oldam (1883), ISS: International
Seismological Summary, PDE: Preliminary Determination of Earthquakes)
Kangra earthquake of 1905 (M=8.0) and Dharamshala earthquake
of 26th April 1986 (M=5.7) indicates that the region surrounding Dharamshala is
marked by complex tectonic environment where the slow accumulation of strain
and its sudden release along the regional or local thrust sheets may lead to
earthquake activity. Dharamshala region had also witnessed an earthquake of
magnitude 5.0 on 15th June 1978. Similarly Kinnaur area had experienced an
earthquake on 19 Jan. 1975 (M=6.7). As per the recent study done by Remote
Sensing Cell of the Council using the satellite data and the past epicenter data of
Himachal Pradesh there are certain gaps which may be referred as micro
Sundernagar earthquake
seismic gaps in the northwestern and south eastern parts of the state where
stresses are still accumulated and can be the possible areas for future seismicity.
Palampur Town Kangra Temple
After 1905 Kangra Earthquake
It is also seen that according to seismic zoning map of the State,
mainly Chamba(53.2%) Hamirpur(90.9%) Kangra(98.6%) Kullu(53.1%)
Mandi(97.4%) have 53 to 93.6% of their area liable to severest design intensity of
MSK IX or more, the remaining area of these districts being liable to the next
severe intensity VIII. Two districts Bilaspur(25.3%) and Una (37.0%) also have
Dharamshalaearthquake of 1986
substantial area in MSK IX and rest in MSK VIII. The remaining districts also are
liable to intensity VIII. As a whole about 32% of the total geographical area of
Himachal Pradesh falls in the High Seismic Zone, zone V. Kangra earthquake of
1905 (M=8.0) and Dharamshala earthquake of 26th April 1986 (M=5.7) indicates
that the region surrounding Dharamshala is marked by complex tectonic
environment where the slow accumulation of strain and its sudden release along
the regional or local thrust sheets may lead to earthquake activity. Dharamshala
region had also witnessed an earthquake of magnitude 5.0 on 15th June 1978.
Similarly Kinnaur area had experienced an earthquake on 19 Jan. 1975 (M=6.7).
As per the recent study done by Remote Sensing Cell of the Council using the
satellite data and the past epicenter data of Himachal Pradesh there are certain
gaps which may be referred as micro seismic gaps in the northwestern and south
eastern parts of the state where stresses are still accumulated and can be the
possible areas for future seismicity.
Unfortunately in spite of the probable maximum seismic intensities
being very high, the house types mostly fall under category A consisting of walls
of clay mud, unburnt bricks or random rubble masonry without any earthquake
resistant features. (Table -II) Even in the seven districts cited in the above table,
the category A houses account for very high percentage even (96%). The
situation in the remaining five districts is not much different. Now all such houses
are liable to total collapse if intensity IX or more actually occurs in future and will
have sever damage called destruction with very large cracks and partial collapse
even in intensity VIII areas.
Also the burnt brick constructions classified as category B do not
have the earthquake resistant features, namely good cement mortar, seismic
bands and roof types etc. Therefore they will also be liable to severe damage
under intensity IX, as well as in VIII.
DISTRICT WITH EQ INTENSITIES AND BUILDING TYPES:
Sr.No. Name of Distt.(Total No. of Housing Units)
MSK IX or more
MSK VIII
A-cat A-cat B-cat C-cat X-cat
%area %area (Clay) (Stone) (Brick) (Concrete) (GI and other metal sheets)
1 Kangra(397728 98.6 1.4 75.6 5.77 16.19 0.72 1.72
2 Mandi(313362) 97.4 2.6 19.12 73.9 3.47 3.14 0.37
3 Hamirpur(144408) 90.9 9.1 77.25 8.47 13.4 0.33 0.56
4 Chamba(145344) 63.2 36.8 7.95 84.3 3.25 3.03 1.46
5 Kullu(123455) 53.1 46.9 1.22 88.69 3 6.8 0.3
6 Una(129538) 37 63 47.96 4.72 44.86 0.59 1.87
7 Bilaspur(111107) 25.3 74.7 48.35 40.23 9.33 1.24 0.86
8 Solan(139261) 2.4 97.6 29.97 39.09 28.24 1.25 1.45
9 Lahaul &Spiti(14521)
1.1 98.9 31.83 64.25 0.14 1.02 2.77
10 Kinnaur(39351) ---- 100 0.36 73.41 1.31 22.6 2.28
11 Shimla(266871) ---- 100 8.68 69.96 12.96 6.88 1.52
12 Sirmour(150990) ---- 100 8.29 74.45 13.46 1.02 2.77
(Source: Vulnerability Atlas of Himachal Pradesh,1997)
In one of the case studies, damage potential of an earthquake of
magnitude 8.0 on Richter scale to the housing in Kangra district has been worked
out by referring to what happened during 1905 earthquake. The potential
damage to various types of houses has been attempted for a hypothetical
earthquake with a magnitude of 8.0 on the Richter scale based on 1991 census.
The following scenario has emerged:
(a) Completely collapsed houses 1,36,000 (b) Those partly destroyed and partly having large 2,63,000
and deep cracks which require reconstruction
(c) Those without total or partial collapses but with 9,16,000 large cracks. Some of these may have to be reconstructed but most requirable with 15 to 20% of the cost of reconstruction. (d) Those with small cracks, repairable with evacuation 3,58,000 (e) Those with only fine cracks or no damage 1,43,000 (f) Number of potential deaths 65,000
Economic losses may amount to Rs. 5000 Crores besides amount spent on relief and temporary sheltering ( Price index of 1997)
If on the other hand all such houses were initially built with earthquake
resistant feature in kutcha as well as puckka houses, the damage scenario will change as follows
: Total collapsed houses 8300
Destroyed with partial collapse 95000
Deep large cracks 312400
Small cracks 648000
Estimated loss of human lives 12000
Economic loss estimated is reduced to Rs.1960 Crores. Besides
the cost of relief and temporary sheltering will also be reduce to one third of the
above.
From the above discussions it is clear that the state of Himachal
Pradesh has a history of earthquakes and the buildings by and large are
vulnerable to damage in the event of an earthquake. The largest earthquake
recorded (January 31,1906) in Columbia –Ecuador and March 2,1933 in Japan
had a Richter magnitude of above 8.9 because the rocks can only be strained so
much before breaking. This magnitude is about the limit, which can be produced
by tectonic means in Earth. Most sensitive modern seismographs can measure
earthquakes that can be felt by human beings.
OBJECTIVES:
In order to create awareness at the grass root level about the
construction of earthquake resistant houses in Himachal Pradesh, the State
Council for Technology & Environment organized demonstration workshop at
Palampur for the participants of Kangra, Chamba, Hamirpur & Una Districts,
Himachal Pradesh. The workshop was organized at CSKKV, Director Extension,
Palampur on 21st-22nd February 2017. Central Building Research Institute
Roorkee provided the full technical support during the two days workshop. The
workshop was organized with the following objectives:
To create awareness about the disaster in general and the earthquakes in
particular and amongst the grass root level Junior Engineers and Masons
of Development Blocks of Kangra, Chamba, Hamirpur & Una Division.
To impart hands-on training to the Masons and Junior Engineers about the
different earthquake resistant features to have earthquake resistant
houses in rural areas of Himachal Pradesh.
Capacity building of trained human resource development in having
earthquake resistant constructions in Himachal Pradesh.
APPROACH:
The two organizations, HPSCST&E Shimla and CBRI Roorkee
accordingly shouldered the responsibilities jointly and worked together for
successful organization of the training programme at CSKKV, Palampur. The
HPCST&E mobilized the trainee participants from different blocks of the Kangra,
Chamba, Hamirpur & Una Sub-Divisions and looked after for all local
arrangements of venue, stay of the faculty and trainees including travel and
meals of the trainee participants. CBRI on its part provided full technical support,
faculty, readers and course materials and planning & arranging of technical
sessions, demonstrations, hands on practice sessions, film show etc.
The Director CSKKV of the Palampur actively participated and
provided full infrastructural support like their auditorium, demonstration site and
AV facilities for organizing the programme.
PROBLEMS OF HOUSING IN HILLS:
The study of Rural Housing in the hills of HP identified some
of the following problems which predominantly affect quality of housing
constructions and living
as –
Difficulty of getting suitable orientation on the hill slopes.
Problems of soil erosion and land slides.
Dense forest area and Restrictions by the forest department
Limitations on the height of the building due to earthquake risk.
High cost involved in the site development due to the cutting and the filling of hill slopes to obtain a flat terrace for construction.
Non-availability of motorable roads to construction site making transport of material to site difficult and costly.
INAUGURAL PROGRAMME:
The two days
demonstration workshop was formally
inaugurated by Ms. Nandita Gupta, IAS
Divisional Commissioner, Kangra, .
At outset, Sh. Kunal
Satyarthi,IFS, Chief Scientific Officer-cum-
Joint Member Secretary, State Council for
Science Technology & Environment
welcomed the Chief Guest, Ms. Nandita
Gupta, Divisional Commissioner Kangra
and the Guest of Honour Dr.Sanjay
Kumar, Director IHBT Palampur on this occasion, Er. Y Pandey, Chief Scientist,
CBRI Roorkee and his team, print and electronic media and the esteemed
participants from various departments like PWD, IPH all the Development Blocks
from Kangra,Chamba,Hamirpur and Una districts. Sh.Kunal briefly apprised the
dignitaries and the participants about the objectives of the programme and the
work done by the Department on disaster management at various platforms.
Sh. Kunal Satyarthi, IFS
while welcoming further apprised the
august gathering about the seismicity
in Himachal Pradesh and its
vulnerability over the years as far as
various hazards are concerned.
Sh.Kunal informed that though we may
not be able to avoid the occurrence of
an earthquake yet we can certainly minimize its impact by having proper pre
disaster management plans. So far our focus had been on relief and
rehabilitation measures, little attention has been paid to disaster risk reduction
strategies. Lack of such coherent disaster reduction strategies coupled with the
absence of a ‘culture of prevention’ is a serious gap in the existing approach of
Disaster Management Plans in almost at all levels. In continuation to this , he
further said that we have to equip ourselves through adequate polices and
strategies for minimising vulnerability & hazards. Building of institutional
capabilities and community preparedness is of paramount importance in this
context and is immediately required. Creating and propagating the concept of
safety culture in the society is also crucial to ensure desired preparedness.
Inputs like education, awareness, training and capacity building also play a
significant role. It is in this context, this workshop has great relevance and is
being organized for the Junior Engineers from PWD and Block level Masons from
four districts of Himachal Pradesh. This is being organized by the State Council
for Science Technology & Environment & CBRI Roorkee and is second in this
series which would be helpful in creating awareness amongst our grass root level
workers like the Masons and the Junior Engineers who are pioneering in
constructing most of the construction in different sectors.
Er. Y Pandey, Chief Scientist
CBRI, Roorkee in his keynote address
highlighted the lessons learnt by the
Engineers during the earlier Earthquake
damages caused to both life and property.
Er. Y Pandey briefed on theoretical and
practical resistant structures and briefed
on how the desired strength, ductility and other structural parameters are taken
into the design considerations. He further elaborated on various provisions
highlighted in NBC & BIS codes, develop of which were subsequently discussed
by CBRI faculty during the training.
Dr. Sanjay Sharma,
Director IHBT, Palampur and the
Guests of Honour on this occasion in
his address welcomed the Chief Guest,
CBRI Chief Scientific Officer and his
team to Kangra and the dignitaries and
the participants from the various
stakeholder departments of the
Kangra, Chamba, Una & Hamirpur Districts. Dr Sanjay in his address explained
about the plate tectonics in brief and its importance from the Himalayan tectonic
point of view. He further said that this workshop would be of great relevance to
the officers from his district as some districts has been facing lot of problems due
to the natural hazards mainly the landslides and floods over the years. He
further said that the earthquake vulnerability of this district is also very high and
had witnessed an earthquake in the year 1905 where lot of damage occurred. He
assured that our officers would implement the learning from this workshop in the
field and also guide the other local people of the area so that the post disaster
effects are minimized.
Dr.S.S.Randhawa, Senior
Scientific Officer from the State Council
for Science Technology & Environment in
his presentation gave an overview of the
hazard vulnerability of the State. He
apprised the august gathering about the
various mitigation measures being taken
at the state level as far as the
management of these hazards is concerned. He also presented an overview of
the work done by the State Council and the manpower trained so far in this
sector through various training programmes.
Ms. Nandita Gupta, IAS,
Divisional Commissioner, Kangra and the
Chief Guest on this occasion in her
inaugural address also welcomed the
CBRI team to District Kangra. She further
said this district is highly fragile and the
vulnerability of the district from different
hazards is very high. A lot of new problems
have been developed because of the one or the other reasons in the district. She
said that by organizing awareness cum demonstration workshops for the grass
root level works would be of great importance as these are our pillars and
pioneers in all construction activities in our rural areas. Such grass root level
trainings would help in adoption of suitable Earthquake Resistant Technologies
and serve the larger interest of the Himalayan State, which falls in Zone IV & V
by the norms of the earthquake definitions. The chief guest appreciated the joint
effort of HPCST&E and CBRI, Roorkee for taking up an interesting societal
programme. She advised the trainee participants to learn appropriate techniques
with full dedication and a commitment in order to take and transfer them further
for field implementations in all future construction activities. The Chief Guest also
suggested for inclusion of a discussion on suitable retrofitting techniques in the
training curriculum so as to help and get them implemented in the improvement
of the existing houses and making them earthquake resistant.
FACULTY:
The following 6 CBRI scientists participated as resource faculty for organization of the programme:
Shri S K Negi, Scientist, Architect
Dr. Y.Pandey, Chief Scientist.
Shri H K Jain, Tech. Officer Civil Engg.
Dr. R Dharam Raju, Tech. Officer, Civil Engg
Ar. Swati, Civil Engg.
Er. Vishal Singh, Civil Engg.
The main officials from HP CST&E, Shimla associated with the organization of
the Programme included;
Dr. S S Randhawa, Scientific Officer, HP CST&E, Shimla
Shri Chander Verma, Asst. Controller(F&A)
Sh.Gopal Jain, Head Draughtsman
Sh.Ishant Rai, Project Associate
Ms. Shubra Randhawa, Scientific Professional
PARTICIPANTS:
The trainees of the programme were
junior engineers and masons derived
mainly from various Block Development
Offices of the district of Kangra,
Chamba, Hamirpur & Una. Some NGOs
and individuals engaged in rural
development, civil construction and
housing activities also participated in
the programme. The programme was attended by about 145 trainees consisting
of social workers, engineers from government departments, volunteers, and
masons from various nearby villages. Interestingly the attendance kept on
increasing every subsequent day as news of the programme spread by news
paper publicity and word of mou.
Faculty I Faculty II
List of the participants for Two Days Awareness-cum
Demonstration workshop on the Designs for the Earthquake
Resistant Constructions in rural areas for the Junior
Engineers and Masons of Kangra, Chamba, Una &
Hamirpur Districts of Himachal Pradesh
Sr. No. Name & Designation Address Contact
Number District
1 Sh. Parminder Jaryal (Block Engineer
BDO, Tissa 9418495133 Chamba
2 Sh. Joginder kumar Sharma ( JE)
BDO, Chamba 9418355732 Chamba
3 Sh. Rakesh Kumar (JE) BDO, Salooni 9418388972 Chamba
4 Sh. Sanchar Chand (JE) BDO, Bamson 9816333685 Hamirpur
5 Sh. Bhagwati Singh (JE)
BDO, Bhoranj 9805479701 Hamirpur
6 Sh. Varinder Thakur (JE)
BDO, Bijhari 9805486215 Hamirpur
7 Sh. Naresh Kumar Patiyal (JE)
BDO, Hamirpur 9816972398 Hamirpur
8 Sh. Hem Raj Kaundal (JE)
BDO, Nadaun 9816040940 Hamirpur
9 Sh. Chander Shekhar, (JE)
BDO, Sujanpur 9418636654 Hamirpur
10 Sh. Ramesh Chand (Mason)
Block Bamson 8894458020 Hamirpur
11 Sh. Kulwant Singh (Mason)
Block Bijhari 9817421915 Hamirpur
12 Sh. Dinesh Kumar (Mason)
Block Hamirpur 9817422432 Hamirpur
13 Sh. Dev Raj (JE) BDO, Panchrukhi 9418219022 Kangra
14 Sh. Arvinder Singh (JE) BDO, Fatehpur 9418053047 Kangra
15 Sh. Balwan Singh (JE) BDO, Indora 9418757322 Kangra
16 Sh. Umesh kumar (JE) BDO, Nurpur 9805286055 Kangra
17 Sh. Ashwani Kumar (JE)
BDO, Lambagaon 9418404378 Kangra
18 Sh. Rajiv Acharya (JE) BDO, Sullah 8894125471 Kangra
19 Sh. Anil Patiyal (JE) BDO, Pragpur 9459890277 Kangra
20 Sh. Angesh Nath Dhiman (JE)
BDO, Rait 9418054500 Kangra
21 Sh. Satish Katoch (JE) BDO, Rait 9805229392 Kangra
22 Sh. Ajit Pal Singh (JE) BDO, Dehra 9816440041 Kangra
23 Sh. Jeevan Jyoti BDO, Nagrota Bagwan
9418111849 Kangra
24 Sh. Balbir Singh (Block Engineer)
BDO, Nagrota Suriyan
8894620920 Kangra
25 Sh. Kalyan Jaggi (JE) BDO, Bhawarna Kangra
26 Sh. Jitender Pathania (JE)
BDO, Kangra 9418476733 Kangra
27 Sh. Prabhat Singh (Mason)
Block, Rait Kangra
28 Sh. Rakesh Kumar (Mason)
Block, Fatehpur 9816851657 Kangra
29 Sh. Ram Singh (Mason)
Block, Nagrota Suriyan
8894947431 Kangra
30 Sh. Pritam Chand (Mason)
Block, Indora 9816318153 Kangra
31 Sh. Bal Krishan (Mason)
Block, Nagrota Bagwan
8894947431 Kangra
32 Sh. Rajinder Kumar (Mason)
Block, Kangra 8894926596 Kangra
33 Sh. Rajesh Kumar (Mason)
Block, Pragpur 9625135496 Kangra
34 Ajeet Kumar (Mason) Block, Dharamshala
9882025911 Kangra
35 Sh. Jagir Kumar (TA) Block, Bangana 9805905436 Una
36 Sh. Vipan Kumar (TA) Block, Bangana 9817880778 Una
37 Sh. Sukhdev Singh (Mason)
Block, Una Una
38 Sh. Avtar Singh (JE) PWD Palampur 9816346171 Kangra
39 Sh. Raman Kumar (JE) PWD Thural 9816718013 Kangra
40 Sh. Shaminder Kumar (JE)
PWD Gaggal 9459019900 Kangra
41 Sh. Dinesh Kapoor (JE) PWD Tanda 9805096503 Kangra
42 Sh. Shakti Singh (JE) PWD Nurpur 9418997822 Kangra
43 Sh. Pritam Chand (JE) PWD Nurpur 9816333130 Kangra
44 Sh. Pardeep Kumar (JE)
PWD Dehra 9418305601 Kangra
45 Sh. Ajay Kumar Sharma (JE)
PWD Dharamshala
9418188076 Kangra
46 Sh. Kunal Attri (JE) PWD Bhwarna 8988008969 Kangra
47 Sh. B.D. Kapoor (JE) PWD Panchrukhi 9816641892 Kangra
48 Sh. Anand Katoch (JE) PWD Baijnath 9418249332 Kangra
49 Sh. Sushil Kumar (JE) PWD Jaisinghpur 8894378980 Kangra
50 Sh. Ved Vrat (JE) PWD Gaggal 9418427486 Kangra
51 Sh. Kuldeep Singh (JE) PWD Fatehpur 9816932692 Kangra
52 Sh. Updeshwar Singh (JE)
PWD Fatehpur 9418333764 Kangra
53 Sh. Anil Kumar (JE) PWD Jawali 9418452755 Kangra
54 Sh. Bhaskar Sehgal (JE)
PWD Chamba 9816689865 Chamba
55 Sh. Vipul Punj (JE) PWD Banikhet 8988018684 Chamba
56 Sh. Ankush (JE) PWD Sihunta 8894379890 Chamba
57 Sh. Raj Kumar (JE) PWD Holi 8894110736 Chamba
58 Sh. Vipan Kumar(JE) PWD Killar 9418293453 Chamba
59 Sh. Sanjay Katoch (JE) PWD Hamirpur 9817492205 Hamirpur
60 Sh. Vijay Dhiman (JE) PWD Lambloo 9418113700 Hamirpur
61 Sh. Anshul Chaudhary (JE)
PWD Barsar 9805408225 Hamirpur
62 Sh. Amit Kapil (JE) PWD Dhaneta 9418716899 Hamirpur
63 Sh. Nitish Kumar (JE) PWD Kakkar 8894073870 Hamirpur
64 Sh. Sanjay Soni (JE) PWD Sujanpur 9418473880 Hamirpur
65 Sh. Kuldeep Rajan (JE) PWD Bangana 9418969681 Una
66 Sh. Kishor Chand (JE) PWD Bangana 9418378954 Una
67 Sh. Ashish Kumar (JE) PWD Gagret 9882673789 Una
68 Sh. Bhagirath (JE) PWD Una 9418047564 Una
69 Sh. Pradeep Jaswal (JE)
HIMUDA Dharamshala
Kangra
70 Sh. Pawan Kumar (JE) HIMUDA Dharamshala
Kangra
71 Sh. Ajay Kumar (JE) HIMUDA Palampur
Kangra
72 Sh. Anoop Sood (JE) HIMUDA Palampur
Kangra
73 Sh. Munish Kumar (JE) HIMUDA Hamirpur
Hamirpur
74 Sh. Praveen Kumar (Mason)
Panchrukhi Kangra
75 Sh. Bhism Das (Mason)
Jhundpur Kangra
76 Sh. Subhas Goswami Dharamshala Kangra
77 Sh. Arun Sharma (Asstt. Engineer)
CSKKV, Palampur 9418330365 Kangra
78 Sh. Pratap Thakur (AE) CSKKV, Palampur 9418043688 Kangra
79 Sh. Baldev Prakash (Asst. Architect)
CSKKV, Palampur 9418291605 Kangra
80 Sh. Vipan Nag (AE) CSKKV, Palampur 9418331322 Kangra
81 Sh. DD Sharma (Asst. Editor)
CSKKV, Palampur 9817156052 Kangra
82 Dr. Mandeep (HoD) CSKKV, Palampur 9816030341 Kangra
83 Dr. Inder Singh (HoD) CSKKV, Palampur 9418049211 Kangra
84 Dr. Dinesh (Dean) CSKKV, Palampur 9816185743 Kangra
85 Dr. R. Kumar (Head Physiology)
CSKKV, Palampur 9418085904 Kangra
86 Dr. SK Rana (HoD) Plant Pathology
CSKKV, Palampur 9418125714 Kangra
87 Dr. DC Sharma (Entomology)
CSKKV, Palampur 9418478958 Kangra
88 Dr. SP Dixit (Soil Science)
CSKKV, Palampur 9418291095 Kangra
89 Dr. JP Saini (Oragnic Agri)
CSKKV, Palampur 9816029019 Kangra
90 Dr. SK Chauhan (HoD) CSKKV, Palampur 9817121900 Kangra
91 Dr. Promila (HoD) HECM
CSKKV, Palampur 9418331094 Kangra
92 Dr. Sapna Gautam (HoD) TAO
CSKKV, Palampur 9418011205 Kangra
93 Dr. Neena Vyas (HoD) FRM
CSKKV, Palampur 9418840551 Kangra
94 Sh. Ashwani Kumar (ASO)
CSKKV, Palampur 9816478966 Kangra
95 Dr. JK Sharma (HoD) CSKKV, Palampur 9418909960 Kangra
96 Dr. SK Upadhyay (HoD)
CSKKV, Palampur 9418015729 Kangra
97 Dr. YS Dhaliwal (HoD) CSKKV, Palampur 9816082444 Kangra
98 Prof. VK Gupta (HoD) CSKKV, Palampur 9418089344 Kangra
99 Sh. Baldev Singh (AE) CSKKV, Palampur 9816307996 Kangra
100 Sh. Arun Kumar Vyas (JE)
CSKKV, Palampur 9418676386 Kangra
101 Sh. Sushil Chand (JE) CSKKV, Palampur 9418715035 Kangra
102 Sh. Pradeep Kumar (TA)
Dharamshala 9418789356 Kangra
103 Sh. Joginder Singh (Mason)
9418188512 Kangra
104 Sh. AK Sharma (JE) PWD Baijnath 9418008137 Kangra
105 Dr. Neelam Sharma (Head)
CSKKV, Palampur 9318847457 Kangra
106 Dr. Raj Pathania (Prof. & Head)
CSKKV, Palampur 9418218118 Kangra
107 Dr. RS Rana (Prof.) CSKKV, Palampur 9418106167 Kangra
108 Sh. RS Thakur (AE) CSKKV, Palampur 9418465409 Kangra
109 Dr. Pawan Kumar Sharma (Animal Sci)
CSKKV, Palampur 9418031290 Kangra
110 Sh. Geetesh Bhrigu (Press)
Punjab Kesari 9418045533 Kangra
111 Sh. Sharda Anand Gautam (Press)
Himachal Dastak 9418835111 Kangra
112 Sh.Anil Dhiman (APRO)
9418868886 Kangra
113 Sh. Amar Chand IPR 9459566116 Kangra
114 Sh. Amit Kumar Darpan TV 9882843403 Kangra
115 Sh. Ravi Kumar Darpan TV Kangra
116 Sh. Lucky Kumar Photographer (Palampur)
9817155538 Kangra
117 Er. Y Pandey (CSO) CBRI, Roorkee Uttrakhand
118 Ar. SK Negi CBRI, Roorkee Uttrakhand
119 Dr. R Dharmraju CBRI, Roorkee Uttrakhand
120 Er. H K Jain CBRI, Roorkee Uttrakhand
121 Ar. Swati CBRI, Roorkee Uttrakhand
122 Er. Vishal Singh CBRI, Roorkee Uttrakhand
123 Dr. S S Randhawa (SSO)
Sci & Tech, Shimla
9418382126 Shimla
124 Sh. Chander Verma (ACF)
Sci & Tech, Shimla
9418011720 Shimla
125 Sh. Gopal Jain (HDM) Sci & Tech, Shimla
9418109246 Shimla
126 Ms. Shubra Randhawa (SP)
Sci & Tech, Shimla
9805556651 Shimla
127 Sh. Ishant Rai (Project Asst.)
Sci & Tech, Shimla
9418089063 Shimla
128 Sh. Amit Kumar (PA) Sci & Tech, Shimla
9418800179 Shimla
COURSE CONTENTS:
Based on the geographical study, availability of resource materials
and skills, living pattern of the villagers and also looking into the strengths,
weaknesses and future possibilities, the course contents of the programme were
designed to meet various housing needs of the region.
The training course mainly covered;
Planning of Rural Housing
Earthquake, wind and fire resistant Housing.
Earthquake features & Tips for housing in Zone ‘V’ region.
Fire and Rain Resistant Mud & Thatch Construction,
Plinth protection of existing mud+stone walls
Selection, treatment and structural use of bamboo
Rural sanitation – 2 pit sanitary latrine and waste water disposal system
Quality Control in Rural Housing
Improved Building Materials and Construction Technologies for Rural
Housing
Precast RC Plank and Brick Panel roofing Systems, C-Bricks and
Concrete Blocks,
C-Bricks, sand+cement bricks
Ferrocement Products and Applications
Rural Housing for Improved Quality of Life: Cooling, Ventilation, day
lighting, smokeless chullah, chimney, Rain water harvesting, Terrafill
water filter etc.
The programme was adequately supplemented with field
demonstrations, models, Power Point presentations, and a technical exhibition
that was also put up at the venue.
Himachal Pradesh being prone to earthquakes, landslides, heavy
rains, winds and fire hazards, all the faculty members stressed on the design and
construction of hazard resistant houses using locally available materials and
skills.
DEMONSTRATIONS:
Hands –on – training and demonstrations were arranged on the
following for the engineers and masons, live or by using models and AV display;
Correct method of providing vertical steel bars in brick masonry, laying
earthquake bands in buildings and mud houses, bonds at corners and
junctions of walls
Rat-trap bond brick masonry
Fire and rain resistant thatch roof
Production of cement sand bricks
C-brick machine and process
Precast RC plank and Brick panel systems of roofing
Concrete & stone masonry blocks
Two pit rural latrine
Rural waste water disposal system
Methods of protecting mud walls against floods and rains
Bamboo reinforced ferrocement wall cladding
Demonstrations and Hands-on-training organized at Kangra, CSKKV,
Palampur.
FILM SCREENING:
A film on Stone and Concrete masonry Blocks and another on
Earthquake resistant construction of rural houses were also screened on the
second day of the programme. The film together with live demonstrations of
several technologies and a hands-on-practice opportunity to the mason trainees
has significantly helped in understanding of the details of technicalities, working
methodologies which are important for the field implementation.
COURSE MATERIALS:
Technical Books, containing details of technologies and materials
covered in the programme, in English for engineers and in Hindi for masons was
specially designed and distributed. Bound volume of the book was distributed
among all participants along with a simple training kit. The book provides
adequate details of all topics that were covered in the training programme and
additional technical details on topics that could be of interest to engineers and
masons engaged in rural housing in Kangra, Chamba, Una & Hamirpur region of
Himachal Pradesh.
INTERACTIVE AND CONCLUDING PROGRAMME:
The interactive session and concluding
programme was Chaired by Shri
Y.Pandey, Chief Scientist, CBRI,
Roorkee, Uttrakhand. On the
concluding day a problem solving
session evoked a very good response
from the participants wherein housing
construction problems, appropriate
economical rural Housing technologies, disaster resistant housing, use of local
stone and sand in the construction were some of the main issues discussed.
The trainees freely participated in the interactive session and expressed their
views which mainly pertained to the usefulness for the field engineers and
construction workers. Some engineers
expressed their doubt for adoption of newer
technologies in Government Construction
works unless these are incorporated in
state PWD specifications and schedule of
rates. Trainees expressed their satisfaction
about the contents of the training technical
readers and the method of imparting training which stressed more on clarity, field
demonstration and hands-on practice sessions for mason artisans. They
concurred that joint session with field construction engineers and masons helps
in better mutual understanding and improving good quality practices/norms in
construction. Some entrepreneurs in the area are manufacturing hollow and solid
concrete blocks. Since the cost of such blocks is high and quality is poor,
technical guidance and planned effort is
needed to train such entrepreneurs.
HPSCST&E with technical assistance from
CBRI may introduce good production
practices in the region and initiate few
programme to ensure practical
implementation of these technologies. Few
NGOs have come forward to arrange more
such programmes at the grass root level in villages and desired to have support
from HPSCST&E and CBRI, Roorkee.
MEDIA PUBLICITY:
The training attracted wide
attention of all local media people, who
highlighted the programme. A large number of
newspapers published reports on the
programme prominently for all the 2 days
continuously. Learning from newspapers, new
participants joined the training programme in
the successive day.
ACKNOLWEDGEMENT:
The State Council for Science Technology is highly thankful to Dr.
N.Gopalkrishnan, Director, Central Building Research Institute Roorkee for
organizing the programme in the State of Himachal Pradesh. We are also
thankful to the whole team of Central Building of Research Institute, Roorkee for
providing full technical support in terms of resource faculty and the resource
material etc.for organizing the training programme successfully. The guidance
and the moral support extended by worthy Additional Chief Secretary (Env.S&T)
to the Govt. of Himachal Pradesh and the Member Secretary (EC) State Council
for Science, Technology & Environment is duly acknowledged. Logistic support
extended by Vice Chancellor CSK Agriculture University Palampur, Director
IHBT, Executive Engineer PWD Palampur, Executive Engineer IPH Palampur,
Divisional forest Officer Palampur, is duly acknowledged. The local electronic as
well as the print media is also acknowledged for the wider circulation of the
event.
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