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Trench WarfareTrench Warfare
When the German advance was finally stopped outside of Paris they moved to a more defensive position
This led to a race for the sea in which trenches for both sides extended all the way to the North Sea from Switzerland
When the German advance was finally stopped outside of Paris they moved to a more defensive position
This led to a race for the sea in which trenches for both sides extended all the way to the North Sea from Switzerland
Trench Warfare beginsTrench Warfare begins
The TrenchesThe Trenches
Were the “front lines” - the most dangerous place on the battlefield
In France, trenches ran through towns and villages, industrial works, coal mines, through farms, forests and across rivers
Were the “front lines” - the most dangerous place on the battlefield
In France, trenches ran through towns and villages, industrial works, coal mines, through farms, forests and across rivers
The TrenchesThe Trenches
Fighting trenches were usually about 12 feet deep
Early on trenches were temporary and not as well constructed, but as both sides dug in, trenches became far more complex
Fighting trenches were usually about 12 feet deep
Early on trenches were temporary and not as well constructed, but as both sides dug in, trenches became far more complex
The PlanThe PlanShell Enemy Shell Enemy
TrenchesTrenchesAdvance Across No-Advance Across No-
Man’s LandMan’s LandEnter Enemy Enter Enemy
TrenchesTrenches
- blow holes in the- blow holes in thebarbed wirebarbed wire- weaken general - weaken general defensesdefenses- demoralize enemy- demoralize enemyso they lose theirso they lose theirwill to fightwill to fight
- men advance (full- men advance (fullof fighting spirit)of fighting spirit)- enemy further - enemy further demoralized by the demoralized by the spirited advancespirited advance
- engage in combat- engage in combatwith those who arewith those who areleftleft- secure your new - secure your new positionposition
The RealityThe RealityShell Enemy Shell Enemy
TrenchesTrenches
Advance Across No-Advance Across No-Man’s LandMan’s Land
Enter Enemy Enter Enemy TrenchesTrenches
- enemy defenses rarely weakened- enemy defenses rarely weakenedby artillery barrageby artillery barrage
- troops are not demoralized- troops are not demoralized
- no element of surprise - no element of surprise (end of shelling signals the (end of shelling signals the beginning of the attack); beginning of the attack); enemy can prepareenemy can prepare- no-man’s land offers no protection (open - no-man’s land offers no protection (open field)field)- advance slowed by mud, shell holes, and - advance slowed by mud, shell holes, and bodiesbodies- easy targets for enemy machine guns (new - easy targets for enemy machine guns (new weapon of war that generals were not weapon of war that generals were not prepared for) prepared for) - old tactics vs. new weapons = massacre- old tactics vs. new weapons = massacre
- rarely make it this far- rarely make it this far
Life in the TrenchesLife in the Trenches
Death was a constant companion to those men in line
Even in areas where there was no action there was constant shellfire and disease to worry about
Rats infested the trenches in the millions - these rats gorged themselves on the human dead
Death was a constant companion to those men in line
Even in areas where there was no action there was constant shellfire and disease to worry about
Rats infested the trenches in the millions - these rats gorged themselves on the human dead
Line in the TrenchesLine in the Trenches
The Trench Cycle was the time period men would spend in the line
This amount of time would vary from weeks to months
Daily life was spent with inspections, chores, supplies and waiting, constant waiting
The Trench Cycle was the time period men would spend in the line
This amount of time would vary from weeks to months
Daily life was spent with inspections, chores, supplies and waiting, constant waiting
Trench FootTrench FootTrench foot was a constant problem in the trenches
Trench foot is a fungal infection of the feet that could cause gangrene and possibly amputation
Was caused by cold, wet and unsanitary conditions
Men stood for countless hours in waterlogged trenches, unable to remove their wet socks or boots
Feet would gradually go numb and the skin would turn red or blue, if untreated, could lead to gangrene and amputation
Trench foot was a constant problem in the trenches
Trench foot is a fungal infection of the feet that could cause gangrene and possibly amputation
Was caused by cold, wet and unsanitary conditions
Men stood for countless hours in waterlogged trenches, unable to remove their wet socks or boots
Feet would gradually go numb and the skin would turn red or blue, if untreated, could lead to gangrene and amputation
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