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Treatment Options for Abfractions
Brian Palmer, D.D.S. November, 2004
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If abnormal lateral forces are placed on a tooth, it will eventually break
down over time just as a nail or coat hanger will
bend and eventually break if they are
continually bent back and forth.
In Summary:
Bent nailC2
Forces that can be working on teeth at any time.
Green arrow - only non-destructive force.
Blue arrow - lateral force from tongue.C3
Treatment Goals:
Selectively reshape or recontour tooth so that
forces are directed down the central long axis of
the tooth (Green arrow).
Loading forces should mainly be point contacts from the buccal cusp tips of the posterior mandibular teeth (red arrow) and the lingual cusp tips of the maxillary posterior teeth. (Anterior teeth addressed later.)
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A person exerting lateral forces on the tooth because of a tongue thrust (blue arrow) should be retrained to
swallow properly by a person specially trained in myofunctional therapy or orofacial myology.
Treatment Goals continued:
A person who is a bruxer / clencher can best be helped by an occlusal splint.
Principles of occlusion will be covered in another presentation on this website.
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Treatment by equilibration only.(no decay present)
I consider abfractions, gingival recession and gingival clefts as being in the same ‘family’ of
defective lesions. I look for the same ‘causes’ in all these lesions. I believe many clefts are precursors
to abfractions.
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GV Black thought it was sometimes best not to try a put a restoration in these lesions. I agree with his position.
1st bicuspid very sensitive. Equilibrated only. See next 6 slides.C7
Bicuspid guidance – only tooth contacting (green). See next 5 slides.
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Heavy initial marks #12. See next 4 slides.C9
#12 equilibrated to a point contact – pain eliminated. See next 3 slides.
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Heavy markings on opposing tooth #21. See next 2 slides.C11
#21 equilibrated to fine point on cusp tip. See next slide.
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Guidance now only by cuspid (#12 not contacting). End of case.
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(Reflective view) Very sensitive where recession is. See next 5 slides.
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Bicuspid rise – instead of cuspid rise(Reflective). See next 4 slides.
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Heavy marking caused by bicuspid rise (Reflective). See next 3 slides.
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Heavy markings on opposing tooth. See next 2 slides.C17
Group function – equal force on all posterior teeth. See next slide.
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Bicuspid rise
Group function
End of case.
(All teeth picking up equal load during excursion.)
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#5 – Inflamed and very tender. See next 4 slides.C20
#5 – Heavy contact on incline. See next 3 slides.C21
Heavy contact on opposing #28. See next 2 slides.C22
Occlusion refined to point contacts. See next slide.C23
Original contact.
Refined contact
End of case.C24
Sensitivity resolved.
#13 – Recession / abfraction / sensitivity. (Note angulation / position of lesion.). See next 5 slides.C25
Heavy marks on inclines #13 – Slightly rotated. See next 4 slides.
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Contacts refined on #13 only. See next 3 slides.
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Heavy marks before refinement.
Pin point refined marks
See next 2 slides.C28
Heavy marks on opposing inclines on #19 & 20. See next slide.
Heavy marks
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#19 & 20 contacts refined. End of case.
Refined mark
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Recession on mal-aligned bicuspid. See next 6 slides.
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Heavy markings on mal-aligned bicuspid.See next 5 slides.
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Selective refinement of contacts. See next 4 slides.C33
Before
After
See next 3 slides.C34
Heavy contacts on opposing tooth. See next 2 slide.
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Selective refinement of opposing tooth. See next slide.
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Before
After
End of case.C37
Albert Solnit, Roger Stambaugh. Treatment of gingival clefts by occlusal therapy. March
1983:38-55. International Journal of Periodontics and Restorative Dentistry.
Drs. Solnit and Stambaugh (Univ. of Southern California) did similar occlusal adjustments as just
demonstrated on 25 cases. Their results were: “Partial to complete remission of the cleft was observed in all cases
after occlusal adjustment.” (page 41)
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Abfractions maxillary left. See next 6 slides.C39
Abfraction #19. See next 5 slides.C40
Heavy marking on lower left. See next 4 slides.
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Abfraction #30. See next 3 slides.C42
Tori and heavy anterior incisal wear. See next 2 slides.
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Splint showing central stops. See next slide.C44
Splint showing central stops and excursive marks. End of case.C45
Equilibration plus restoration.
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Abfraction #29 – 4 bi-ortho. See next 2 slides.C47
# 29 Heavy markings from excursion. See next slide.
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#29 Restored and equilibrated to point contacts. End of case.
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Single abfraction with traumatic occlusion. See next 4 slides.
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Abfraction on #20 plus marking on incline during excursion. See next 3 slides.C51
Post equilibration point contact on #20 plus restoration. See next 2 slides.
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# 20 Restored and in occlusion. See next slide.C53
Guidance post-equilibration on cuspid only. End of case.
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Single lesion #28. See next 3 slides.C55
Single lesion #28 – Heavy marking. See next 2 slides.
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#28 Restored and marking refined to tip. See next slide.
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Close-up of #28 restored. End of case..C58
#28 Single abfraction plus heavy marking. See next 5 slides.
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#28 Single abfraction – heavy marking. See next 4 slides.C60
#28 Single abfraction – heavy marking on opposing teeth. See next 3 slides.C61
#28 Contact ‘walked’ to the point of the cusp tip. See next 2 slides.
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#28 Restored and equilibrated. See next slide.C63
#28 Restored and in occlusion. End of case.C64
Tissue graft /failure.
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Old graft with new recession / abfraction. See next slide.C66
Heavy marks on tooth with graft – graft failed to solve problem. End of case.C67
Treatment with single crown
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Large abfraction with horizontal craze lines. See next 3 slides.
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Preparation with firm stain. See next 2 slides.C70
Crown cemented on first bicuspid. See next slide.C71
Abfraction on #12. Fractured porcelain on #14. End of case.
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Multiple abfractions / crowns3 cases
Case 1
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First picture taken of abfractions – 1992.
Open spaces
Open spaces
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1998 – Anterior abfractions – 6 years later.C75
1992
1998
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1998 – Anterior abfractions.C77
Lower teeth prepared for crowns.C78
Temporary crowns on lowers.C79
Crowns on model.C80
Lower crowns cemented in mouth.C81
Lower teeth in occlusion.C82
Smile with lower crowns only.C83
Upper teeth prepared for crowns.C84
Clearance needed for fabrication of crowns.C85
Temporary upper crowns.C86
Crowns on model.C87
Upper and lower crowns cemented.C88
Teeth in occlusion. Can see posterior teeth still need crowns.
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Before
After
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1998 – Posteriors still left to do.C91
1998 – Posterior abfractions and stain – left side.
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1998 – Posterior abfractions – right side.C93
1998 – Posterior abfractions – upper left.C94
1998 – Posterior abfractions – lower right.C95
1998 – Posterior abfractions – upper right.C96
1998 – Posterior abfractions right side.C97
Case #2
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Multiple abfractions. Tongue thruster.C99
Anterior abfractions and fractured central.C100
Fractured central. Looks like it is layered in sheets!!C101
Same flexing pressure on the teeth as on the cards while being shuffled ???
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Abfractions – right side.C103
Abfractions outlined on models.C104
Wax up on semi-adjustable articulator.C105
Wax up demonstrating cuspid rise.C106
Wax up – Anterior guidance following cuspid rise.
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Wax up demonstrating anterior guidance in protrusion.
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5 preps – one stop - clearance.C109
One ‘stop’ plus tongue thrust.C110
Preps plus tongue thrust more obvious.C111
Force from tongue thrust during his normal swallow.
Tongue held back
Blue arrow – tongue thrust.
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Temporary crowns in mouth.C113
Maxillary anterior crowns on model.C114
Maxillary anterior crowns in mouth.C115
Before
After
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Case #3
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A pretty lady who would smile but not
show her teeth.
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Reason she would not show her teeth - abfractions and old restorations.C119
Close-up of old restorations.C120
Maxillary (upper) right abfractions.C121
Maxillary (upper) left abfractions.C122
Abfractions outlined on study models.C123
Case waxed up before treatment started.C124
4 lower veneers and 2 crowns (cuspids) in place.
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Maxillary 6 anterior teeth prepared for crowns.C126
Strong tongue-thrust pushing tongue and saliva between teeth.C127
Multiple crowns in place.C128
Maxillary right abfractions.C129
Temporaries on teeth between appointments.C130
Crowns cemented.C131
Beaming smile upon completion.
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Before. AfterC133
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Research and presentation developed by:
Brian Palmer, DDS Kansas City, Missouri
November 2004
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