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Traditional Music“maximum effect from minimal materials”
• YouTube - Shamisen, koto e shakuhachi
• YouTube - Japanese traditional music
• YouTube - Traditional Japanese Music on old Instruments
• YouTube - Chikutoukai Recital (1)
• YouTube - Chikutoukai Recital (2)
• YouTube - Koto & Shamisen Performance Nov. 18, 2007 AKP 07-08
Terms to Know
• Hogaku – traditional Japanese music• Sanyoku (Instruments)
- Shamisen- Koto- Shakuhachi
• Pentatonic – 5-note scale• Heterophony – nearly identical versions of
the same melody at the same time (not monophonic and not quite polyphonic)
Koto
Ex. Japanese Koto "Tegoto" by Michio Miyagi < 手事・第三章>宮城道雄作曲 - YouTube
Shamisen
EX. YouTube - shamisen - tsugaru yosare bushi
Shakuhachi
Ex. YouTube - Shakuhachi in Mamanji, Japan
Ex. YouTube - Tomoe Kaneko Shakuhachi Performance
Ex. YouTube - Tadashi Tajima, Shakuhachi Flute, Osaka, Japan
“Rokudan No Shirabe”
• “Roku” = six, “dan” = columns(“Music of the six steps”)
• Yatsuhashi Kengyō (1614-1685), composer• Examples
- Rokudan no Shirabe (六段の調) – YouTube (textbook example?)- Japanese Koto Concert - Fuyuki Enokido plays "Rokudan no Shirabe" – YouTube (solo koto)- Rokudan No Shirabe – YouTube (two shakuhachi)- Rokudan no Shirabe Music in Six Variations – YouTube (multiple kotos)-ROKUDAN (koto piece) on shamisen + fue – YouTube (shamisen and fue [flute])
• Textbook Listening Guide (p. 151)
Jiuta• Hogaku – song w/ instruments
• Instrumental interludes• Examples
- 2010.2.28 かすみ姉妹ミニ和ライブ(2) 「八千代獅子」 Yachiyo Jishi – YouTube (koto,
shamisen, & voices)- Jiuta – YouTube (voice, koto, w/ Kabuki dancer)- Jiuta au Châtelet – YouTube (voice, koto, dancer)
• Textbook Listening Guide (p. 152) : “Chidori”
Japanese Theater
• Kabuki – Traditional Theater (popular)Exs. Kabuki – YouTube (a good introduction) Centre Stage: Kabuki – YouTube (overview)
• Bunraku – Puppet TheaterEx. YouTube - Bunraku theater in Osaka
• Noh – Traditional Theater (elitist)Ex. Noh Theatre - YouTube
Kabuki
• Originates in late 16th century (1596)
• All female performers (immediately banned)
• Replaced by male performers- includes “onnagata” (female impersonator)
• Primarily dance theater w/ colorful costumes
• Audience – traditionally middle-class
• Music – includes three different ensembles
Kabuki Actors/Dancers
Kabuki Dancer(note Debayashi in background)
Kabuki Actor
Kabuki “onnagata”
Kabuki Music
• Geza (off-stage) – sound effects (o-daiko, other percussion, shamisen, nohkan)
• Chobo (stage left) – “narrator” (“speaker” and shamisen)
• Debayashi (stage rear) – literally, the “coming out orchestra” (multiple singers, shamisens, drums, nohkan)
Nagauta (Kabuki ensemble)
Nagauta (Kabuki ensemble)
Shamisen
Nohkan
Kotsuzumi
Otsuzumi
Noh Drum (Taiko)
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