To Remain Strong And Free (Us Selective Service System; Mark Eutsler, Board Member

MissionMission

• Provide Manpower to DoD during national emergency

• Provide health care personnel draft if necessary

• Provide alternative service program for conscientious objectors during a draft

AuthorizationAuthorization

Independent Federal agency Permanent authorization MSSA ( 50 U.S. C. App. 456 et

seq.) Primary customer: Dept. of

Defense

Independent Federal agency Permanent authorization MSSA ( 50 U.S. C. App. 456 et

seq.) Primary customer: Dept. of

Defense

Agency Organizational Chart

Senior Advisor to the DirectorW illie L . B la nd in g Jr

G CAttorney Advisor

R u d y G . S an ch ez , J r.

P IAPublic & Intergov Affa irs

R ich ard S . F la ha vanA sso c D ire c to r

S P T -H RHum an Resources

V e ro na C . B a lla rd

S P T -LOLogistics

C a lv in E . M o n tgo m e ry

S P TSupport Services

E d w a rd A . B la cka da r, J r.A sso c D ire c to r

F M -B UBudget

W illia m W . R e e seA c ting

F MFinancial Managem ent

W illia m W . R e e seA sso c D ire c to r

IT -O AO ffice Autom ation Systems

V a ca n t

IT -N SNetw ork Systems

Je rry K lo tz

IT -D M CData M anagem ent Center

S u sa n A . C a p poN o rth C h ica g o IL

O P -RRegistrationR ick M o o re

O P -TTraining

C a ssa nd ra R . C o s tley

O P -PPlanning

Je n n ie C . N a sh

IT -A RAdm inistration & Readiness

V a ca n t

O P -ITO perations & Inform ation Technology

S co tt V . C a m p b e llA sso c D ire c to r

S ta te D ire c to rs

R F O s

L o ca l B o a rd M em b e rs

N o rth C h ica g o ILRegion I

T h o m a s G . W h iteR e g io n D ire c to r

S ta te D ire c to rs

R F O s

L o ca l B o a rd M em b e rs

S m yrn a G ARegion II

K e th A . S cra ggR e g io n D ire c to r

S ta te D ire c to rs

R F O s

L o ca l B o a rd M em b e rs

D e n ve r C ORegion III

D e b o rah N . B ie la n skiR e g io n D ire c to r

O ffice of the DirectorD W illia m C h a tf ie ld

D D Deputy Director E rn es t E . G a rc iaChief of S taff V aca nt

139 full-time employees authorized

Region IRegion IHeadquartersHeadquartersNorth ChicagoNorth Chicago

IllinoisIllinois

Region IIRegion IIHeadquartersHeadquarters

MariettaMariettaGeorgiaGeorgia

Region IIIRegion IIIHeadquartersHeadquarters

DenverDenverColoradoColorado

Data ManagementData ManagementCenterCenter

North ChicagoNorth ChicagoIllinoisIllinois

NationalNationalHeadquartersHeadquarters

ArlingtonArlingtonVirginiaVirginia

Full-Time LocationsFull-Time Locations

Region II Atlanta

Region I Region I Great Lakes, ILGreat Lakes, IL

Region III Denver

Region BoundariesRegion Boundaries

Part-Time StructurePart-Time Structure

• State Directors• Reserve Forces

Officers• Board Members• State Resource

Volunteers

State Directors

• Responsible for all state SSS functions

• GS-15 part-time employees (full-time upon activation)

• Many retired general officers• Nominated by governor of

state• Appointed by Director of SSS

in name of President

Less than 300

Reserve Forces Officers

• All services & ARNG• Recruit & train Board Members• Conduct registration awareness activities• Participate in readiness training & exercises

Board Members

• Recruited by SSS officers

• Nominated by Governor• Appointed by Director in

name of the President• Maximum period of

service – 20 Years• Train annually

State Resource Volunteers

• Influential members of communities• Usually participate in registration awareness

activities• Former SSS employees

– Reserve Forces Officers– State Directors– Board Members– Full-time employees

Registration History

Colonial Period

• Colonies relied upon militias

• Colony’s authority to conscript went relatively unchallenged

• Colonies used conscription from time to time– Men could avoid service by

getting married, paying a fee, or hiring a substitute

Revolutionary War Era

• As president, George Washington tried to remedy desperate military system by proposing registration– Registered for service– Assigned to military units for

training

• Congress does not pass legislation

• Proposed again by Adams, Jefferson, & Madison

Revolutionary War

Civil War – United States

• 1863, Congress gave Lincoln authority to register all able-bodied men (20 – 45), regardless of marital status or profession

• System allowed for payment of substitutes & a $300 fee

• System issued quotas to Congressional Districts

Civil War Era

Civil War – United States

• 1st test of constitutionality of a wartime draft was Kneedler v. Lane – 1863

– Upheld constitutionality of Conscription Act of 1863

• Decision recognized nation’s need to wage war & individual’s obligation to serve his country

Civil War Era - USA

Civil War – United States

1864, the draft in US amended to allow buyouts by conscientious objectors only

Civil War Era - USA

Civil War - Confederates

• Passed conscription law in 1862– 3 years service required from all white men (18 – 35)

– Numerous exemptions

– Widespread non-compliance

– Substitutes at any price

– Later, age amended to include 17-year-olds

• Resulting small army & low morale led to conscription of slaves in 1865

Civil War Era - CSA

Spanish-American War - 1898

Congress declared all males (18 – 45) subject to military duty

1917: Selective Service Act

• 1st truly national draft

• Established local, district, state, & territorial civilian boards – Register

– Classify

– Examine

– Induct or defer

• Applied to men (21 – 30) for service in WWI

Selective Service Act

• Much opposition to draft

• During 1st drawing, 50,000 applied for exemptions, & over 250,000 failed to register

Selective Service Act

• Supreme Court consolidated numerous cases & unanimously decided to uphold the authority to conscript

• After WWI, draft law expired

Selective Training & Service Act

• 1st peacetime draft • All males (21 – 35) ordered to

register for draft• 1st national lottery• Challenged in court

– Court determined conscription not dependent solely upon power to declare war

• Later, in WWII, draftees called by age, not lottery number (oldest 1st)

Truman Era

• Recommended Selective Training & Service Act expire in 1947

• 1948, Harry Truman requested reinstatement of draft

• SS Act drafts men (19 – 26) for 12 months of active service

Korean War Draft

• Exempted WWII veterans

• Called up men

(18 ½ – 35) for 2 years– 30,000 inductions

– 27% of persons in uniform

Universal Military Training & Service Act (June 1951)

• Required men 18 to 26 to register

• Made SSS a permanent agency

• Draft became permanent part of manpower procurement structure, even though no war since 1946

Unchallenged Conscriptions

• From 1940’s through 1950’s registrations without debate

• Registration continued even though manpower needs dropped to zero in spring & summer 1961

Unchallenged Conscriptions

• Virtually no debate or opposition to draft law extensions in 1955, 1959, & 1963

• Early 1960’s, available registrants exceeded manpower requirements– Reduced pool by creating

new or expanding old deferments

Johnson Era

• Vietnam War increased manpower demands

• Height of Vietnam War brought calls for the end to the draft & elimination of SSS

• Thousands left the country or burned their draft cards

Johnson Era

• Congressional Panel (Mark Clark Panel) examined SSS

• President Johnson established Burke Commission to study SSS

Johnson Era

• Marshall Commission published analysis of draft & developed policy recommendations– Wanted to induct younger

men 1st

– Recommended random selection for order of call

– Recommended elimination of student/occupational deferments

Nixon Era

• Richard Nixon ordered 19-year-old draft– If not drafted at 19,

exempt from future service except in event of war or national emergency

• Student deferrals examined but retained

Nixon Era

• Richard Nixon orders a “random selection” lottery system for selecting men to serve in the Vietnam

• In 1971, Selective Service Act extended

• 1973 Selective Service Act expires, ending authority to induct registrants

Changes

• In 1967, Universal Military Training & Service Act amended & re-titled Military Selective Service Act

• In 1970, presidential commission on an All-Volunteer Armed Forces reported all-Volunteer Force should be supported by standby draft

• Inductions stopped

Last man inducted 30 June 1973

Penalties for Not Registering

• $250 K fine

• Imprisonment of up to five years

• Fine & imprisonment

• Inability to obtain federal job

• Ineligibility for federal student loans & grants

• Ineligibility for citizenship

• 39 states

• 2 territories

• District of Columbia

• 39 states

• 2 territories

• District of Columbia

Driver’s License LegislationDriver’s License Legislation

How the Lottery Works

• President & Congress reinstate draft

• Under TPR, lottery occurs between Day 6-45

• Under Emergency Mobilization, occurs between M+7 – 13

• Lottery conducted in DC area

How the Lottery Works

• 2 drums– Drum 1: Capsules with birth

dates 1 JAN – 31 DEC– Drum 2: Numbers 1 – 365

(366 if leap year)

• Dates & numbers randomized

• Drums certified randomized, sealed, & secured

How the Lottery Works

• On lottery day, officials inspect the drum seals

• 1st capsule drawn from one drum

• 2nd capsule drawn from other drum

• Conducted in full view of official observers & media

How the Lottery Works

Example:• 1st capsule = 4 August• 2nd capsule = 32• Result: Those men

turning 20 on August 4 ordered to report for induction after any birthdays matched with numbers 1 through 31

How the Lottery Works

• Drawings continue until all 365 (or 366) birthdays of the year are paired with a number

• Results certified• Sequence of call

transmitted to SSS Data Management Center

• DMC issues mailgrams to those with low lottery numbers

Order of Call

• Volunteers• Failures to report to examination or MEPS or

eloped MEPS• Those with expired or terminated postponements• Non-volunteers in the following order:

Age 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 19 • Non-volunteers, 26 or older, whose liability was

extended• Non-volunteers age 18 and 6 months

Introduction to Activation Scenarios

3 ways to begin process of providing manpower for examination and induction:

Activation Scenario #1:Time-Phased Response (TPR)

TPR Description

• Gradual buildup of Agency elements to accommodate DoD’s time-line for forces & facilities

• Current planning: 1st registrants at MEPS within 193 days after activation

TPR Process

Congress & President Authorize Draft

Lottery

Components Activated

Physical and Mental Examinations

Induction Notices Sent

First Inductees Processed & Assigned

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TimetableDAY 1-5

Authority to InductSSS Elements Activated

Expansion Begins

DAY 6-45

AOAs Report for DutyRFOs contact GSA/OPM

Lottery Conducted

DAY 46-75

Train Civilian New HiresBM Refresher Training

AOs Operational (day 75)

DAY 76-140

Pre-Induction Exam (MEPS) Local Boards MeetASOs Operational

DAY 141-192

First DAB MeetingNAB Activated

Induction Notices Mailed

DAY 193

First inductees report for processing and subsequent

assignment

T P R

State Headquarters Activation

Temporary SHQ is National Guard Armory

MOU between DoD & SSS

Provides use of facilities & equipment

Permanent location in capital city of each state

State Director & Deputy State Director

responsible for activation of permanent SHQ

Officers report to SHQ & form Task Force

Area Office Activation

Task Force of SSS officers establish Area Offices & Alternative Service Offices within state

Locate space

Locate equipment

Locate supplies

Recruit & train civilians

SDs assign officers specificduties to accomplish mission

Report to MEPSfor Induction

Two-Step Method

Registrant Returns Home

until RSN is called; then

Ordered for Induction

No Claim Filed

RegistrantRequests Postponement

Postponement Acted Upon by AO

Not Qualified4-F

Registrant Reports forPre-induction Exam

Qualified1-A

Registrant ClaimsDeferment or Exemption

Denied Granted

Denied Granted

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Registrant Reclassifie

d

Registrant Receives Postponement

Claim Acted Uponby AOs / Boards

Emergency Mobilization Scenario

M-Day is designated without prior warning or notice

There is minimal time to prepare for mobilization

Area Offices must be operational within 24 hours

TimetableM-Day

Authority to InductSSS Elements Activated

Board Members Activated

M + 1

AOAs Report for DutyLottery Conducted

M + 2

Lottery Results ProcessedPrepare for Induction

M + 3

Induction Notices MailedRFOs Deliver Claim Forms

to Post Offices

M + 4 to M + 12

Local Boards ActivatedRegistrant Claims ReceivedPersonnel Hired & Trained

M + 13

First inductees report for examination, processing,

and assignment

EMERGENCY

Temporary Area Offices will be Recruiting Stations per MOU between DoD & SSS

Officers act as Area Office Managers & support all office functions until civilians are hired

Officers report directly to Area Offices and begin operations within 24 hrs

Officers are in immediate charge of recruiting station, including equipment & supplies

Claim Acted Uponby AO / Local Board

Report to MEPSfor exam & induction

Registrant Receives Induction Order

Registrant ClaimsDeferment, Exemption

or PostponementM+13

Denied Granted

Registrant Reclassifie

d

1-Step Method

11

1-Step Method will transition to the

2-Step (Examination before Induction) Method

as quickly as possible

Activation Scenario #3: Health Care Personnel

Health Care Personnel Delivery System (HCPDS)

• Congress directs SSS to be ready to induct doctors, nurses, & medical technicians

• May include women

• Medical personnel do not register in peacetime

• Congress directs SSS to be ready to induct doctors, nurses, & medical technicians

• May include women

• Medical personnel do not register in peacetime

Health Care PersonnelHealth Care Personnel

HCPDS Description

On-the-shelf system

Provide trained & qualified health care personnel to DoD

Maintain a system that is fair, equitable, and meets the needs of Armed Services

Maintain Alternative Service Program for Conscientious Objectors

Emergency

Health Care Personnel Delivery System

Time-Phased Response

13 Days

90 Days

193 Days

3.4 million registrants needed in database!

Activation Scenario ComparisonTime Requirement to get First Registrants to MEPS

Health Care Critical ShortagesPHYSICIANSGeneral SurgeonThoracic SurgeonUrologistDiagnostic RadiologistPsychiatryPreventative MedicinePrimary Care:

Family PhysicianEmergency MedicineInternal

PHYSICIANS ASSISTANTS

DENTISTSOral SurgeonGeneral Dentist

NURSESAnesthesiaCritical Care

There are more than 60 Health Care Specialties

HCPDS Process1. Mass registration of trained and qualified civilian health care personnel

Between the ages of 20-45Register by skill typePossibility of femalesCould expand to ages 20-55

2. Conduct lottery to establish Random Sequence Numbers (RSN)

3. Issue induction orders

TimetablePre-Expansion Activities

Authority to InductSpecialty List Finalized (DoD)

Media Campaign Finalized

DAY 1-2

SSS Elements ActivatedExpansion Begins

SSS Receives DoD List

DAY 3-6AOAs Report for Duty

Board Members ActivatedRFOs Contact GSA/OPM

DAY 7-35

Mass Registration StartsLottery Conducted

Claim Forms to Post Offices

DAY 46-80

Train New Staff/BoardsAOs Operational (day 79) Induction Notices Mailed

DAY 90

First Health Care registrants report for examination,

processing and assignment

HCPDS

State Headquarters Activation

Temporary SHQ will be National Guard Armory

MOU between DoD & SSS

Provides use of facilities & equipment

Permanent location will be near state's capital city

State Director, Deputy State Director, & pre-

identified RFOs report to temporary SHQ

Temporary Area Offices will be Recruiting Stations per MOU between DoD & SSS

Officers act as Area Office Managers & support all office functions until civilians are hired

Only selected Area Offices and Alternative Service Offices will open under HCPDS

Lottery

Mass Registration

HCPDS Process

Congress & President Authorize Draft

Components Activated

Induction Notices Sent

Physical & Mental Examinations thenImmediately Process & Assign Inductees

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Claim Acted Uponby AOs / Boards

Report to MEPSfor exam & induction

Health Care Professional Receives

Induction Order

Registrant ClaimsDeferment, Exemption,

or PostponementDay 90

Denied Granted

Registrant Reclassifie

d

1-Step Method

11

1-Step Method will transition to the

2-Step (Examination before Induction) Method

as quickly as possible

Advisory Committees

State Health Care Advisory Committee

Established within each state

Comprised of medical professionals

Assist Local Board in making Essentiality of

Occupation decisions

Members recruited by State Director

Advisory Committees do not have authority to decide claims

Advisory Committees

National Health Care

Advisory Committee

Advises the Director

of Selective Service

Members represent

race, sex, national

origin of registrants

Additional Postponements

Three additional HCPDS

postponements:

To close a medical practice

To find a replacement

To complete graduate

medical training

NTE 90 days

HCPDS is Flexible

HCPDS

HCPDS with

GeneralConscription

or

Dual Registrants

HCPDS with

GeneralConscription

Men 20-25 years old

Possibility of selection

under both systems

Processed by system that

reaches registrant's Random

Sequence Number (RSN)

first