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Date: 12 July, 2017
Presenter: Will Broadus, Professor of Systems Engineering andProgram Management, Defense Acquisition University, Mid-Atlantic Region
Moderator: Jim Davis, Logistics Department Chair, DefenseAcquisition University, Mid-Atlantic Region
Presentation Title
Title: The Six Thinking Hats
DAU WebinarIntroduction to Critical Thinking: Six Thinking Hats
1. Need for Critical Thinking
2. Power of Parallel Thinking
3. The Six Thinking Hats
Webinar Learning Objectives
Critical Thinking
• Recognized Need by Leadership• Needed Now More Than Ever
– Declining Budgets– Closing Innovation Gap with Adversaries
Mr. Frank Kendall former USD (AT&L)Implementation Directive for Better Buying Power 2.0
Critical Thinking-Benefits
• What is Critical Thinking?– Skill?– Tool?– Discipline?
Dictionary.com : “disciplined thinking that is clear, rational, open-minded, and informed by evidence.”
Adding some structure to thinking…
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Adding some structure to thinking…
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Adding some structure to thinking…
Adding some structure to thinking…
Thinking Frameworks
• What methods were used in your meetings?
• Thinking Frameworks - How we approach thinking
– Argumentative Thinking – Socratic Method
– Parallel Thinking – focus on a specificmindset
• Thinking Tools– SWOTAnalysis
(Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, & Threats)
– Theory of Constraints– Six Thinking Hats
“Thinking is the hardest
work there is, which is
probably the reason why
so few engage in it.”- Henry Ford
Argumentative Thinking
Argumentative Thinkingo Western Philosophyo Big 3 (Socrates, Plato,
Aristotle)
o Thesis-Antithesis-Synthesis
o Empirical Observationo Individual Focus
o Competitive
Roots
Process
Nature
Argumentative Thinking vs Parallel Thinking
Argumentative Thinkingo Western Philosophyo Big 3 (Socrates, Plato,
Aristotle)
o Thesis-Antithesis-Synthesiso Empirical Observationo Individual Focus
o Competitive
Parallel Thinkingo Eastern Philosophyo Confucius
o Answer Grows From Groupo Holistic Viewo Collective Contribution
o Collaborative
Roots
Process
Nature
No “Right” or “Wrong” Just Different
Parallel Thinking
• Parallel Thinking– “Networking” ideas
– Look at an issue from different perspectives
– Gets the whole team involved– Sensitizes thinking
• A Creative and Critical Thinking Process
– Holistic view of yourPlan for Change
• Decision• Problem Solving
• Build Thought Map
“ALONE WE CAN DO SO LITTLE; TOGETHER WE CAN DO SO MUCH.” - Helen Keller
Thought Map
Thought Map - A graphic representation of the thinking process a products of thinking
Dr. Edward de Bono’s Six Thinking Hats
● After learning the skills behind theSix Thinking Hats® system, you’ll:o Hold critical meetings without emotions or
egos making bad decisionso Avoid the easy but mediocre decisions by
knowing how to dig deepero Increase productivity and even more
important – be more effectiveo Make creative solutions the normo Maximize and organize each person’s
thoughts and ideaso Get to the right solution quickly and with a
shared vision Proven time saver to internationalthinkers of all ages!
Mission Assistance for Intact Teams
WHITE HAT: neutral and objective, concerned with facts and figures
RED HAT: the emotional view
BLACK HAT: careful and cautious, the “devil’s advocate” hat
YELLOW HAT: sunny and positive
GREEN HAT: associated with fertile growth, creativity, and new ideas
BLUE HAT: cool, color of the sky, above everything else-the organizing hat
Dr. Edward de Bono’s Six Thinking Hats
Dr. Edward de Bono’s Six Thinking Hats – Blue Hat
● Think of blue sky, above everything else
● Purposeo Process Controlo Discipline Processo Summaries and Conclusions
Blue Hat
Dr. Edward de Bono’s Six Thinking Hats – Blue Hat
● Control of Thinkingo Example: “We do not have much time to consider this
matter, so we must use our time effectively. Would someone like to suggest a blue hat?”
● Focuso Example: “We want to focus on preparing a range of
possible responses to price cutting by our competitors.”
● Program Designo Example: “We will start with some blue hat thinking to design
the program we want to follow.”
Blue Hat
Dr. Edward de Bono’s Six Thinking Hats – Blue Hat
● Organizingo What is the problem?o What process will we use?o What is the decision?o What are the main points
justifying the decision?
Blue Hat
Dr. Edward de Bono’s Six Thinking Hats – White Hat
● Think about a white sheet of paper● Just the
Facts! o NoEmotion o NoOpiniono No Speculationo Example: “Fact one: that turkey meat sales
have risen by twenty-five percent in the last year. Fact two: some market research shows that people claim to buy turkey meat because of cholesterol concerns.”
Dr. Edward de Bono’s Six Thinking Hats – White Hat
● Whose Fact Is It?o It matters who said ito Two Tiers: Checked Fact and Unchecked Fact
● Japanese-Style Inputo Make a thought map
● Facts, Truth and Philosopherso Just because you have never seen a black
swan, that doesn’t mean they don’t exist!
● Who Puts on the Hat?o Individual or Group
Assumptions are “Facts in Waiting”
Dr. Edward de Bono’s Six Thinking Hats – White Hat
● Information Gapso What Information are we lacking?o Where can we find the Information we need?o What Assumptions must we make and monitor
as we execute the plan for change?o What Norms, Policies, Guidance, Regulation,
or Laws must we consider?
● 3 Main Objectiveso Understand the Objectiveo Contexto Framing Assumptions
Dr. Edward de Bono’s Six Thinking Hats – Red Hat
● Think Fire, Reaction, or Emotiono No justification!
● The Place of Emotions in Thinkingo Emotions Can Change During Thinking Process
● Intuition and Huncheso Valuable to Making Effective Changeso Valuable Warningso Based on Judgment and Experience
REDHAT
Gut Feel
Dr. Edward de Bono’s Six Thinking Hats – Red Hat
● Moment to Momento Can Use Anytimeo Example: “I want to make a red hat statement. I
feel we are being bullied into an agreement.”
● The Use of Emotionso Emotional Backgroundo Expose Values
● The Language of Emotionso Be Preciseo Example: “We are simply out of tune on this
matter.”
REDHAT
Dr. Edward de Bono’s Six Thinking Hats – Red Hat
● Emotionso What is your gut feeling?o How might your feelings change over
time?o How might other stakeholders feel?o List stakeholders and how they might
react?o How might stakeholders feelings
change?
REDHAT
All Decisions Are “rooted” in Emotion
Dr. Edward de Bono’s Six Thinking Hats – Black Hat
● Think “Devil’s Advocate”o Needs Justification
● Cautious and Carefulo Example: “We need to be aware of possible
dangers in order to be on the lookout for them. We need some black hat thinking here.”
● Content and Processo Point Out Errors in Thinkingo Question Strength of Evidenceo Link to Conclusiono Only Possible Conclusion?
Dr. Edward de Bono’s Six Thinking Hats – Black Hat
● The Past and the Futureo Project past experience into futureo Examples: “I see a danger that the
competition will match our lower prices.”
● The Problem of Overuseo Easy to be Criticalo Easy for Some-Allows Controlo Hard for Others-Gives Permission
Dr. Edward de Bono’s Six Thinking Hats – Black Hat
● Devil’s Advocateo Why will the plan for change NOT work?o What can we do to make this a huge
failure?o Who should we ignore or alienate to
ensure this plan for change is a failure?
Dr. Edward de Bono’s Six Thinking Hats – Yellow Hat
● Think Sunny and Positiveo Captures Benefit
● Speculative-Positiveo Example: “The positive thing is now we know how he is
going to act. The uncertainty is over.”
● The Positive Spectrumo Proven-Good Chance-Even Chance-Long Shot
● Reasons and Logical Supporto Basis of Viewo Must be Supported
YellowHat
Dr. Edward de Bono’s Six Thinking Hats – Yellow Hat
● Constructive Thinkingo Find How to Make it Worko Example: “There is abundant water in the mountains fifty
miles away. Would it be feasible to put in a pipeline?”
● Speculationo The Power of “If”o Example: “Bond prices will rise “if” interest rates fall.”o Best Scenario
● Relation to Creativityo Find a Way to Make It Happen…
Not Another Way
YellowHat
Dr. Edward de Bono’s Six Thinking Hats – Yellow Hat
● Constructiveo What are the Benefits?o What is the Value Added?
● Elevator SpeechYellowHat
Dr. Edward de Bono’s Six Thinking Hats – Green Hat
● Think Fertile Growth● Creative Thinking
o Example: “Let’s have some new ideas on this. Put on your green thinking hats.”
● Lateral Thinkingo Pattern Switching in an Asymmetric Patterning Systemo Break Out of Thinking Pattern
● Movement Instead of Judgmento Step Forward to New Ideaso Example: “I want you to use this idea for its movement
value not its judgment value. Suppose everyone became a policeman.”
Dr. Edward de Bono’s Six Thinking Hats – Green Hat
● The Need for Provocationo Provocation Operation (Po)-tool to Jump Thinkingo Randomly pick word from a Dictionaryo Example: “Word Cheese…Television Po Cheese.
Cheese has holes. Po the TV screen has holes. Perhaps we could put a picture in the picture.”
● Alternatives● Opportunities● Personality and Skill
o Not about one hat…It is about thinking!
● What Happens to the Ideas?o Create Idea Managers for good ideas
Dr. Edward de Bono’s Six Thinking Hats – Green Hat
● Alternativeso What are alternative approaches to the plan for
change?o How can we apply the techniques in the plan
for change to solve other problems?o Assuming the plan for change is successful,
how can we build on that success?o What new ideas does the plan for change
generate?
Dr. Edward de Bono’s Six Thinking Hats – Blue Hat
● Control and Monitoringo Discipline and Focuso Example: “I am going to put on my blue
thinking hat in order to say that I think we arestraying away from the central issue.”
● Summaries and Conclusionso All wear Blue Hat for thiso Example: “Wearing my blue hat it seems to
me that our conclusions are as follows.”
Organizing• What is the problem?• What process will we
use?• What is the decision?• What are the main
points justifying thedecision?
BlueHat
Process Options
Process
Idea/Proposal
Decision
INFORMATION EMOTION BENEFITS DISADVANTAGES ALTERNATIVES
Process Options
Process
Idea/Proposal
Decision
INFORMATION EMOTION BENEFITS DISADVANTAGES ALTERNATIVES
Yello w
Black
GreenRed
White
Blue
Idea/Proposal
Process Options
Process
Idea/Proposal
Decision
INFORMATION EMOTION BENEFITS DISADVANTAGES ALTERNATIVES
Yello w
Black
GreenRed
White
Blue
Y lw
Black
GreenRed
White
Bl e
Idea/Proposal Decision
In Practice
“At-Grade” Rail Crossings are Inherently Dangerous.
Clifton, VA
In Practice
Process
“At-Grade” Rail Crossings are Inherently Dangerous.Idea/Proposal:● Construct a Traffic and
Pedestrian Bridge
Clifton, VA
In Practice
Process
“At-Grade” Rail Crossings are Inherently Dangerous.Idea/Proposal:● Construct a Traffic and
Pedestrian Bridge
Decision
INFORMATION EMOTION BENEFITS DISADVANTAGES ALTERNATIVES
Clifton, VA
In Practice
INFORMATION• Accidents at all “at grades”• Accidents at this “at grade”• Accidents at bridges• Cost of construction• Cost of maintenance “at
grade”• Cost of maintenance “bridge”• National Historic Registry
“At-Grade” Rail Crossings are Inherently Dangerous.Idea/Proposal:● Construct a Traffic and
Pedestrian Bridge
Process
Decision
EMOTION BENEFITS DISADVANTAGES ALTERNATIVES
Clifton, VA
In Practice
INFORMATION• Accidents at all “at grades”• Accidents at this “at grade”• Accidents at bridges• Cost of construction• Cost of maintenance “at
grade”• Cost of maintenance “bridge”• National Historic Registry
Process
“At-Grade” Rail Crossings are Inherently Dangerous.Idea/Proposal:● Construct a Traffic and
Pedestrian Bridge
Decision
EMOTION• Commuters Happy• Residents Angry• CSX Happy• Construction Co Happy• Gallop not Happy
BENEFITS DISADVANTAGES ALTERNATIVES
Clifton, VA
In Practice
INFORMATION• Accidents at all “at grades”• Accidents at this “at grade”• Accidents at bridges• Cost of construction• Cost of maintenance “at
grade”• Cost of maintenance “bridge”• National Historic Registry
Process
“At-Grade” Rail Crossings are Inherently Dangerous.Idea/Proposal:● Construct a Traffic and
Pedestrian Bridge
Decision
EMOTION• Commuters Happy• Residents Angry• CSX Happy• Construction Co Happy• Gallop not Happy
BENEFITS• Safer• Pedestrian Friendly• Commuter Friendly
DISADVANTAGES ALTERNATIVES
Clifton, VA
In Practice
INFORMATION• Accidents at all “at grades”• Accidents at this “at grade”• Accidents at bridges• Cost of construction• Cost of maintenance “at
grade”• Cost of maintenance “bridge”• National Historic Registry
Process
“At-Grade” Rail Crossings are Inherently Dangerous.Idea/Proposal:● Construct a Traffic and
Pedestrian Bridge
Decision
EMOTION• Commuters Happy• Residents Angry• CSX Happy• Construction Co Happy• Gallop not Happy
BENEFITS• Safer• Pedestrian Friendly• Commuter Friendly
DISADVANTAGES• Loss of Charm• Loss of commerce• Faster Traffic• Town Shutdown
ALTERNATIVES
Clifton, VA
In Practice
INFORMATION• Accidents at all “at grades”• Accidents at this “at grade”• Accidents at bridges• Cost of construction• Cost of maintenance “at
grade”• Cost of maintenance “bridge”• National Historic Registry
Process
“At-Grade” Rail Crossings are Inherently Dangerous.Idea/Proposal:● Construct a Traffic and
Pedestrian Bridge
Decision
EMOTION• Commuters Happy• Residents Angry• CSX Happy• Construction Co Happy• Gallop not Happy
BENEFITS• Safer• Pedestrian Friendly• Commuter Friendly
DISADVANTAGES• Loss of Charm• Loss of commerce• Faster Traffic• Town Shutdown
ALTERNATIVES
Clifton, VA
A. Build a by-pass
B. Station a Traffic Cop
C. Erect a Toll Booth
In Practice
INFORMATION• Accidents at all “at grades”• Accidents at this “at grade”• Accidents at bridges• Cost of construction• Cost of maintenance “at
grade”• Cost of maintenance “bridge”• National Historic Registry
Process
“At-Grade” Rail Crossings are Inherently Dangerous.Idea/Proposal:● Construct a Traffic and
Pedestrian Bridge
Decision
EMOTION• Commuters Happy• Residents Angry• CSX Happy• Construction Co Happy• Gallop not Happy
BENEFITS• Safer• Pedestrian Friendly• Commuter Friendly
DISADVANTAGES ALTERNATIVES
Clifton, VA
• Loss of Charm• Loss of commerce• Faster Traffic• Town Shutdown
A. Build a by-pass
B. Station a Traffic Cop
C. Erect a Toll Booth
WHITE HAT: neutral and objective, concerned with facts and figures
RED HAT: the emotional view
BLACK HAT: careful and cautious, the “devil’s advocate” hat
YELLOW HAT: sunny and positive
GREEN HAT: associated with fertile growth, creativity, and new ideas
BLUE HAT: cool, color of the sky, above everything else-the organizing hat
Dr. Edward de Bono’s Six Thinking Hats - Summary
Summary Thought Map
The Six Hats structure thinking to allow answers to emerge from the map
Summary
• Critical Thinking = Key Acquisition Need• Argumentative Thinking supports process of
elimination• Parallel Thinking supports simplifying thinking
and collaborative solutions• The Six Thinking Hats uses parallel thinking
– Allow thinkers to deal with one view at a time– Allow thinkers discipline to change view by
playing the game
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