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Cerebellum

MHD – Neuroanatomy Module

February 8, 2016

Gregory Gruener, MD, MBA

Vice Dean for Education, SSOM

Professor & Associate Chair, Department of Neurology

LUHS/Trinity Health and Catholic Health East

Outline Major organizational divisions

Identify cerebellar peduncles and deep nuclei

List afferent and efferent components

Define the origins of the mossy and climbing fibers

Describe the “wiring diagram” of the cerebellum

Define the functional components of the cerebellum

Describe the somatotopic maps of the cerebellum

Outcomes you need to be able to demonstrate

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Lancet Neurol 2014; 13: 100–12

Inputs Cerebellar Cortex

Nuclei Outputs

“Afferent” informationVestibularProprioceptive & skin receptor informationSensorimotor cortexAuditory systemVisual system

CoordinationCorrection of current movements to match

those intended

Information ProcessingMossy & Climbing fibers

Enter the Cerebellar cortex

Purkinje cells

Deep nuclei

Motor SystemsVestibular nuclei

ThalamusRed nucleus

(reticular formation)No direct connection to

the spinal cord

Cerebellum overview

http://www.bartleby.com/107/illus702.html

Fitzgerald MJT, Gruener G, Mtui E. Clinical Neuroanatomy and Neuroscience, 6th Ed., W. B. Saunders 2012

Nolte J. The Human Brain, 6th ed., 2009

Cerebellum overview – gross anatomy

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http://www.bartleby.com/107/illus702.html

Cerebellum overview – MRI “anatomy”

Cerebellum overview – MRI “anatomy”

Cerebellum overview – MRI “anatomy”

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Cerebellum overview – MRI “anatomy”

Cerebellum overview – gross anatomy

Horizontal fissure

Molson Medical Informatics Project M. Afferents to the Cerebellum. MedEdPORTAL; 2008. Available from: www.mededportal.org/publication/904

midline

Cerebellum overview – cerebellar peduncles

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Castro, Merchut, Neafsey, Wurster; Neuroscience: An Outline Approach, 2002

Grimaldi G, Manto M. Topography of Cerebellar Deficits in Humans. Cerebellum 11:336–351, 2012

Cerebellum overview – somatotopic anatomy

One to remember

Siegel A, Sparu HN. Essential Neuroscience, 3rd Ed., Wolters Kluwer, 2015

Cerebellum overview – cerebellar peduncles

Superior cerebellarpeduncle

Middle cerebellarpeduncle

Inferior cerebellarpeduncle

Inferior Cerebellar Peduncle

AfferentsInferior olivary nucleusVestibular nucleiSpinal cord Trigeminal nucleiReticular formation

Cerebellar efferentsVestibular nuclei

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Middle Cerebellar Peduncle

Afferents:Cerebral cortex

“For the detailed minded among you”

Afferents:Anterior Spinocerebellar tract

Cerebellar efferentsOriginate from the deep cerebellar

nuclei

Superior Cerebellar Peduncle

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Castro, Merchut, Neafsey, Wurster; Neuroscience: An Outline Approach, 2002

Inferior cerebellar peduncle

Cerebellum – flocculonodular lobe (input & output)

Castro, Merchut, Neafsey, Wurster; Neuroscience: An Outline Approach, 2002

Medial hemisphere

(Uncinate fasciculus)

Cerebellum – vermis (input & output)

Castro, Merchut, Neafsey, Wurster; Neuroscience: An Outline Approach, 2002

Cerebellum – hemisphere (input & output)

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Molecular layerMainly axons and dendrites• Basket cells – axons synapse

on the Purkinje cell body• Stellate cells – axons synapse

on Purkinje cell dendrites

Purkinje cell layer

• Purkinje cells – only axonsthat leave the cerebellar cortex

Granular layer• Granular cells – send their axons into the molecular layer as parallel fibers

White matter

Cerebellum overview – microscopic anatomy

Nolte J and Sundsten. The Human Brain: An introduction to its functional anatomy. 6th

edition, 2010; Mosby Elsevier

Cerebellum overview – microscopic anatomy

Gray’s anatomy: The anatomical basis of clinical practice, 40th edition; Churchill Livingstone, London

Cerebellum overview – microscopic anatomy

Climbingfibre

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http://www.astralgia.com/webportfolio/omnimoment/live_science/purkwrld/gifs/layers.jpg

http://24.media.tumblr.com/RKBSJS2N6p56m2a3p28K7ab7o1_400.gif

Granule cell

Cerebellum overview – microscopic anatomy

Neuroscience. 2nd edition.Purves D, Augustine GJ, Fitzpatrick D, et al., editors. Sunderland (MA): Sinauer Associates; 20012

Cerebellum overview – microscopic anatomy