Third Round Table Conference

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ThirdRoundTableConference

Third Round Table Conference :: Important National Activities | Home RuleMovementinIndia|LahoreSession1929

ThirdRoundTableConference1932:Provedfruitlessasmostofthenationalleaderswereinprison.ThediscussionsledtothepassingoftheGovernmentofIndiaAct,1935.

Note : The meeting of All India Kisan Congress was held in 1934 in Lucknow under thePresidentshipofSahajanandSaraswati.

TheGovernmentofIndiaAct1935:

BasedontheSimoncommissionreport.(TherecommendationsarementionedseparatelyintheCharterActsattheend).TheCongressrejectedthe1935ActanddemandedtheconveningofaConstituentAssemblyelectedonthebasisofadultfranchisetoframeaconstitutionforanindependentIndia.J.L.Nehrudescribeditasweareprovidedwithacar,allbreaksandnoengine.Yet, INC fought the election in 1937, when the constitution was introduced and formedministriesinsevenoutofelevenprovinces.Later,Congressformedcoalitiongovernmentsintwoothers,onlyBengalandPunjabhadnonCongressministries.PunjabwasundertheUnionistPartyandBengalundertheKrishakPrajaPartyMuslimLeaguecoalition.

SecondWorldWarHistoryandTheNationalMovementinIndia:

TheCongressministriescomingtopowerdidwonderstothemorale of the people. They continued to function till thecoming of the Second World War in 1939. When the warbroke out, Lord Linlithgow declared India to be at warwithoutpriorassentoftheCentralLegislature.The Congress agreed to support Britain only in return ofindependencebeinggranted.TheViceroycouldpromisethisonlyafterthewar.InOctoberNovember1939,theCongressministriesresignedinprotest.TheMuslimLeagueobservedthisastheDeliveranceDay(Dec22,1939).INCwaswillingtohelptheforcesofdemocracyintheirstruggleagainstfascism,butaskedhow itwaspossible foranenslavednation toaidothers in their fightofdemocracy.Theydeclared that Indiamust be declared free or at least effective power put in Indian handsbeforeitcouldactivelyparticipateinthewar.TheViceroyrefusedtoacceptpreconditionssetbytheCongressConstituentAssemblyfor

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establishment of genuine responsible government at the Centre. Eventually, however, theBritishGovernmentwaseagerfortheINCtosupporttheirwarefforts.Subsequently,ittriedtopacifytheCongressandtheIndianleadersbyaseriesofoffersthroughAugustOfferandCrippsMission.

TheDemandforPakistan:

In 1930, Iqbal suggested that the Frontier Province, Baluchistan, Sindh and Kashmir bemadetheMuslimsstatewithinthefederation.ChaudharyRehmatAligavethetermPakistanin1933.Mohd.AliJinnahofBombaygaveitpracticality.MuslimLeaguefirstpassedtheproposalofseparatePakistaninitsLahoresessionin1940(calledJinnahsTwoNationTheory).ItwasdraftedbySikandarHayatKhan,movedbyFazlulHaqandsecondedbyKhaliquzzaman.InDecember,1943,theKarachisessionoftheMuslimLeagueadoptedthesloganDivideandQuit.

TheAugustOffer1940Aug8:Itoffered:

Dominionstatusintheunspecifiedfuture.Apostwarbodytoenacttheconstitution.to expand the Governor Generals Executive Council to give full weightage tominorityopinion.Rejected by the INC because there was no suggestion of the national government andbecause the demand for the dominion status was already discarded in favour of PoornaSwaraj.ItwasacceptedbytheMuslimLeague.

TheCrippsMission1942:

InDec1941,JapanenteredtheWorldWarIIandadvancedtowardsIndianborders.ByMar7,1942,RangoonfellandJapanoccupiedtheentireSEAsia.The British govt, with a view to get cooperation from Indians sent Sir Stafford Cripps,leaderoftheHouseofCommonstosettletermswiththeIndialeaders.Heofferedadraftwhichcontainedthefollowingproposals:

1. Dominionstatustobegrantedafterthewar.2. SettingupaconstitutionmakingbodyforIndiaafterthewarwhosememberswould

be elected by the Provincial assemblies and nominated by the rulers in case of thePrincelyStates.

3. The British govt, under took to accept and implement the constitution so framedsubjecttotwoconditions:

First, Any province(s) not willing to accept the new constitution could form aseparate union and a separate constitution. Second, The new constitutionmaking body and theBritishGovernmentwould negotiate a treaty to sort outmattersarisingoutoftransferofpowertoIndianhands.

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mattersarisingoutoftransferofpowertoIndianhands.RejectedbytheCongressasitdidntwanttorelyuponfuturepromises.Gandhijitermeditasapostdatedchequeinacrashingbank.

TheRevoltof1942&TheQuitIndiaMovement1942:

CalledtheVardhaProposalandLeaderlessRevolt.TheresolutionwaspassedonAug8,1942,atBombay.GandhijigavethesloganDoordie.OnAug9,theCongresswasbannedanditsimportantleaderswerearrested.GandhijiwaskeptattheAgaKhanPalace,Pune.Thearrestsprovokedindignationamongthemassesand,therebeingnoprogramofaction,themovement became spontaneous and violent.Violence spread throughout the country.Severalgovt,officesweredestroyed,telegraphwireswerecutandcommunicationparalyzed.The trend of underground revolutionary activities also started during the phase. J.P.Narayan,R.M.LohiaandArunaAsafAlistartedconsolidatingundergroundnetworks.Themost daring act of the undergroundmovementwas the establishment of CongressRadiowithUshaMehtaasitsannouncer.Parallel govts, were set up at various places. The first onewas in Ballia in easternUPunder the leadershipofChittuPande.Otherswere inSatara,Talcher,partsofeasternUPandBihar.TheMuslimLeaguekeptaloofandtheHinduMahasabhacondemnedthemovement.TheCommunistPartyofIndiaalsodidntsupportthemovement.Themovementwashowevercrushed.

NavalMutiny1945:

ArevolttookplaceinHMSTalwaronFeb18,1945inBombayduetoracialdiscrimination,unpalatablefoodandabuseafterthearrestofBCDuttawhohadwrittenBritishQuitIndiaonthewall.Nextday,HMSHindustaninKarachialsorevolted.Soontherevoltspreadtootherplacesalso.InBombay,themutineershoistedthetricolouron their ship masts together with a portrait of S. C. Bose and shouted Jai Hind in thebarracks.TheirdemandsincludedreleaseofallpoliticalprisonersincludingthosebelongingtotheIndianNationalArmy.ItwassuppressedafterpersuasionbytheIndianleaders.

RajagopalachariFormula1945:

Heproposedthatplebisciteshouldbeheld incontiguousdistrictsofNorthWestandEastwhereMuslimswereinabsolutemajority.Ifthemajoritydecidesinfavourofformingaseparatesovereignstate,suchdecisioncouldbeaccepted.JinnahobjectedashewantedonlyMuslimsofNorthWestandEastofIndiatovoteintheplebiscite.

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plebiscite.

TAGS:NavalMutiny,SecondWorldWarHistory,TheCrippsMission

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