The War of 1812 “The Second War for Independence”

The War of 1812The War of 1812

““The Second War for The Second War for Independence”Independence”

1) British impressment of U.S. 1) British impressment of U.S. citizenscitizens

CAUSESCAUSES

CAUSESCAUSES

2) War hawks believed the 2) War hawks believed the British supported Indian attacks British supported Indian attacks on frontier settlementson frontier settlements

CAUSESCAUSES

3) Desire for Canada and Florida3) Desire for Canada and Florida

THE WARTHE WAR

1812-18141812-1814 poorly fought, U.S. poorly equipped, poorly fought, U.S. poorly equipped,

invasion of Canada failed invasion of Canada failed widespread disunity, controversialwidespread disunity, controversial fought on land and water; Great fought on land and water; Great

Lakes Lakes Many Indian tribes ally with BritishMany Indian tribes ally with British

THE WARTHE WAR

THE WARTHE WAR

Aug. 1814, the British invaded Aug. 1814, the British invaded and burned D.C.and burned D.C.

THE WARTHE WAR Most decisive U.S. victory was at Most decisive U.S. victory was at

New Orleans (fought after war New Orleans (fought after war technically ended); Andrew technically ended); Andrew Jackson became a national heroJackson became a national hero

EFFECTSEFFECTS 1) 1) The Treaty of GhentThe Treaty of Ghent ended ended

the war. It was essentially an the war. It was essentially an armistice- both sides agreed to armistice- both sides agreed to stop fighting and restore stop fighting and restore conquered territory; U.S. conquered territory; U.S. grievances not addressed; a grievances not addressed; a drawdraw

EFFECTSEFFECTS

2) Defiant New Englanders held the 2) Defiant New Englanders held the Hartford ConventionHartford Convention- some - some proposed secession; the final proposed secession; the final report demanded $ from D.C. and report demanded $ from D.C. and an amendment requiring a 2/3 vote an amendment requiring a 2/3 vote in Congress to approve an in Congress to approve an embargo, new states, or war; drop embargo, new states, or war; drop demands upon victory at New demands upon victory at New Orleans; Federalist Party’s “death Orleans; Federalist Party’s “death dirge”dirge”

HARTFORD CONVENTIONHARTFORD CONVENTION

EFFECTSEFFECTS

3) “3) “The 2nd War for The 2nd War for IndependenceIndependence” (diplomatically) ” (diplomatically) because:because:– proved U.S. would resist if wronged proved U.S. would resist if wronged

& demand respect& demand respect– sectionalism condemnedsectionalism condemned– Jackson & Harrison war heroesJackson & Harrison war heroes– Indians cede lands in treatiesIndians cede lands in treaties

EFFECTSEFFECTS– U.S. manufacturing blossomedU.S. manufacturing blossomed– Surge of NATIONALISM- the spirit Surge of NATIONALISM- the spirit

of nation-consciousness or national of nation-consciousness or national onenessoneness

* Nationalism reflected in literature, * Nationalism reflected in literature, finance, an improved capital, an finance, an improved capital, an expanded army, manufacturingexpanded army, manufacturing

EFFECTSEFFECTS 4) 4) Tariff of 1816Tariff of 1816- first tariff - first tariff

passed primarily to protect U.S. passed primarily to protect U.S. industry, rather than or revenue; industry, rather than or revenue; 20-25% tax on dutiable imports; 20-25% tax on dutiable imports; the start of a protective trendthe start of a protective trend

THE AMERICAN SYSTEMTHE AMERICAN SYSTEM

Henry Clay’s plan to develop a Henry Clay’s plan to develop a profitable home marketprofitable home market

strong banking system, easy and strong banking system, easy and abundant creditabundant credit

protective tariff to encourage eastern protective tariff to encourage eastern industryindustry

$ from tariff used to build a network $ from tariff used to build a network of roads and canals to link U.S. of roads and canals to link U.S. regions and increase the flow of regions and increase the flow of manufactured goods and raw manufactured goods and raw materialsmaterials

THE AMERICAN SYSTEMTHE AMERICAN SYSTEM

Goal to knit the country together Goal to knit the country together economically and politically; economically and politically; well-received by westernerswell-received by westerners

Madison vetoed funding bill for Madison vetoed funding bill for internal improvements, dubbed internal improvements, dubbed unconstitutional; JD-Republicans unconstitutional; JD-Republicans objected to federal support of objected to federal support of intrastate internal improvementsintrastate internal improvements