The Swiss Heavy Goods Vehicle Fee

Eidgenössisches Departement fürUmwelt, Verkehr, Energie und Kommunikation UVEK Bundesamt für Raumentwicklung

The Swiss Heavy Goods Vehicle Fee

Ueli BalmerFederal office for spatial DevelopmentSwitzerland

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Driver for Introduction:Transit Traffic

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The Swiss Policy

New

Rail In

frastructu

re

Heavy veh

icles fee

Railw

ay reform

Transfer to RailImprove efficiency

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Objectives of HVF

• Polluter pays Principle• Environmental Protection • Transfer to Rail

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Uncovered Costs

Infrastructure 10 mio. €

Health care 260 mio. €

10 mio. €accidents

220 mio. €Damage to buildings

Noise160 mio. €

90 mio. €

Compensation annual flat fee

Total 750 Mio € (in 1993)

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Calculation of the Rate

Total uncovered Costs (750 Mio €)

Total Transport Performance 47 (Bio tkm)

750 Mio €

Rate = = 1.6 Ct/tkm

47 Bio tkm

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Design of the Fee

• Vehicles with admissible Weight > 3.5t• For Use of all Roads• Performance-related

• Distance• Weight (Vehicle and Trailer)• Emissions (Situation since 2009)

• Euro 0/1/2: 2,0 €Cts/tkm • Euro 3: 1,8 €Cts/tkm• Euro 4-6: 1.5 €Cts/tkm

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Implementation

• 1.1.2001• Introduction HVF (Rate 1.1 Ct/tkm)• Replacement of flat Fee (similar Eurovignette)• Increase Weight Limit from 28 to 34t

• 1.1.2005• Raise HVF Rate to 1.6 Ct/tkm• Increase Weight Limit to 40t

• 1.1.2008• Raise HVF to 1.8 Ct/tkm

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Tax Relaxations

• Exemptions for specific Vehicle Categories• Army• Agriculture• Police, Fire Brigade etc.• Public Transport• Etc.

• Reduced rates or reimbursements for others• Combined Transport• Transport of Timber• Transport of Milk and Cattle

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Effects of the Fee

• Road Transport Business• Costs • Vehicle Kilometers• Transalpine Trips• Rail• Rail Infrastructure• Peripheral regions• Environment

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Impact on Road Transport Business

• Adjustments of the Fleet Composition• Cleaner = cheaper• Lower Weight = Lower Fee

• Changes in the Haulier Business• Concentration due to

• Better use of Logistics (less empty Trips)• Fleet Adaptation can better be realised

• Employment: stable (14‘000 employees)

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Impact on Road Transport Business: Employment

14146 14010

16304

142641391114091

1652515553 15844 15989

0

2'000

4'000

6'000

8'000

10'000

12'000

14'000

16'000

18'000

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Beschäftigung in VZÄ

Neues Verkehrsregime Altes Verkehrsregime

Employment

New Regime Old Regime

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Impact on Costs

• Impact on Road Transport Costs: small• Fee equal to about 20% of Costs, but• Outbalanced by Productivity gains

• Higher weight limit• Less empty trips

• Impact on final customer price: neglectable• Transport Costs: on average only 1-2% of final

price• Impact on Inflation: Only 0.11% (According to

Federal Office for Statistics)

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Effects on Vehicle Kilometers

1950

2000

2050

2100

2150

2200

2250

2300

Mio

. F

zkm

1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007

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Effects on Alpine Trips

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

19

81

19

86

19

91

19

96

20

00

20

01

20

02

20

03

20

04

20

05

20

06

20

07

20

08

he

av

y v

eh

icle

s in

10

00

Gr.St.Bernhard Simplon Gotthard San Bernardino

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Impact on Rail

• No significant Shift due to:• Rail Share traditionally high

• Over all 40%• In Transalpine Transport 65%

• Higher weight limit for trucks• Pricing is one element among others

• Reliability• Simple Procedures • Modern Infrastructure

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Use of Income:2/3 For new Rail Infrastructure

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Impacts on peripheral regions

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Additional costs for peripheral regions25€/Employee (in comparison to others)

M e h r b e l a s t u n g d u r c h d i e L S V A i n C H F p r o B e s c h ä f t i g t e n i m J a h r 2 0 0 5S c h w e i z e r D u r c h s c h n i t t 1 4 5 C H F

2 0 - 1 1 0 1 1 0 - 2 0 0 2 0 0 - 2 9 0 2 9 0 - 3 8 0 3 8 0 - 4 8 0

5 0

7 79

7 61 0

7 8

7 1

4 7

7 584 8

5 9 5 34 9

7 2

1 0 6

2 5

5 1

2

7 0

5 44 4 7

7 33 1

7 4 5 8

5 20

4 50 6

4

5 5 7

1 4

0

5 51 5 2 7

4 63 8

1 0 3

2 4

0

2 8

3 30

5 6

1 3 0

3 2 3 6

0

1 6 2 6

0

1 2

0

0

1 0 2 3 1

6 0 6 11 1

3 7

6 7

2 90 1 7 3 5

4 2

3 0

1 8 3 4

1 0 40

9 1

6 69 3

1 94 1

6 3

0

6 23 9

6 4

2 0

6 52 34 3

9 0

9 2

0

6 8

4 0

0

9 4

2 1

2 2

7 9

8 4

8 5

8 78 9

8 6

6 9

8 0

9 6

9 59 78 8

1 0 1 9 8

9 9

1 0 5 8 1

1 0 0 8 2

8 3

Additional Charge in SFR per Employee in 2005

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Impacts on Environment(Aggregation effects Road/Rail)

100% 100.00% 100% 100%

84.1%

89.7%

96.3% 95.7%

75%

80%

85%

90%

95%

100%

105%

NOx PM10 CO2 Energy

Old Regime

New Regime

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Conclusions

• System Works well• Road Transport has become more efficient• Truck traffic has been reduced• Environment: Positive Balance• Rail: Share maintained - Significant Shift

possible only in Context with other Measures• Impact on consumer price neglectable (0.11%)• Last but not least: No detour traffic!

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Final Remarks

• For more information see:

http://www.are.admin.ch/themen/verkehr/00250/00461/index.html?lang=en

Thanks for your attention

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Appendix: Fee Collection

• 2 Systems• Vehicles with OBU (DSRC + GPS)

• Ca. 52’000 Swiss Vehicles (mandatorily) • Ca. 2’000 Foreign vehicles (voluntarily)

• Vehicles without OBU (most foreign vehicles)• Specific measures for Enforcement

• Fixed control stations• Mobile controls

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Tachograp

Sensor for mileage readingat the tachograph

Recording km atborder crossing

ZOLL

DOUANEDOGANA

0 5 7 2 38

057283km

Tachograp

Sensor for mileage readingat the tachograph

Recording km atborder crossing

ZOLL

DOUANEDOGANA

0 5 7 2 38

057283km

Vehicles with OBUData Registration

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StrassenverkehrsamtKanton xxx

by mail

ModemInternet

Vehicle owner

VehicleRegistration Centre

Recorded trip data

0 5 7 2 38

057283km

0 5 7 2 38

057283km

StrassenverkehrsamtKanton xxx

by mail

ModemInternet

Vehicle owner

VehicleRegistration Centre

Recorded trip data

StrassenverkehrsamtKanton xxx

by mail

ModemInternet

Vehicle owner

VehicleRegistration Centre

Recorded trip data

Vehicles with OBUFrom Data to Billing

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Declaration with ID-Declaration with ID- Card

Mileage readingTrailer statusRoute

•individually selected•predefined by theCustoms

Payment modes•Gas station credit card• HVF account• Cash

CT receipt

Mileage readingTrailer statusRoute

•individually selected•predefined by theCustoms

Payment modes•Gas station credit card• HVF account• Cash

CT receipt

Vehicles without OBU

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Fixed Control station