The Protestant Reformation Original source: Susan M. Pojer

TheProtestant

Reformation

TheProtestant

Reformation

Original source: Susan M. PojerOriginal source: Susan M. Pojer

Writing Prompt

After reading a number of historical resources, write an essay that examines the causes of and explains the effects of the Reformation. What conclusions or implications can you draw? What ramifications did the Reformation have on society? Support your answers with evidence from the texts.

Causes of the Reformation? Social causes

Humanism and secularism ? the Church

Printing Press

Political causes

Monarchs challenge the church’s power

Pope was a foreign leader and could be challenged

Economic

Jealous of the Church's wealth

Merchants and nobles resent paying taxes to the Church

Religious

Church practices unacceptable sale of indulgences

Some church leaders had become secular and corrupt

The Spread of the Printing PressThe Spread of the Printing Press

The Holy Roman Empire in the 16c

“Why theGermanies?”

The Holy Roman Empire in the 16c

“Why theGermanies?”

Early calls for ReformDesiderius Erasmus

1466-1536• Christian Humanist• Catholic priest• Criticized the Church

but believed in reformation from with in the Church

Martin Luther• 1486-1546• Catholic Monk• Disliked the selling of

indulgences• Wrote the 95 Theses

and nailed them to a door of a Church in Wittenberg Germany

• Began the Reformation

Luther’s teachings

• People can win salvation only by faith in God’s forgiveness

• All church teachings should be based on the Bible– Pope and church traditions

were false • All people with faith were

equal.– Do not need priests to

interpret the Bible for them.

The Pope vs. Luther

• Renunciation or excommunication• Holy Roman Emperor and the Edict of Worms• Lutherans are formed

The Spread of LutheranismThe Spread of Lutheranism

http://www.history.com/topics/martin-luther-and-the-95-theses/videos#martin-luther-sparks-a-revolution

The Peasant Revolt - 1525

The Peasant Revolt - 1525• Luther is horrified that

peasants use his ideas to revolt

• German princes kill 100,000 people putting down the revolt

• German princes are divided on Luther’s ideas

• Those princes who support Luther, join together and become known as Protestants.

• Peace of Augsburg

England becomes Protestant

• Henry VIII wants an heir– Annulment denied– Reformation parliament

• Act of Supremacy• Religious turmoil

– Edward VI– Mary I (Bloody Mary)– Elizabeth I

• 1559• Church of England or

Anglican Church

Reformation Continues

• Huldrych Zwingli – Zurich, Switzerland– Influenced by Erasmus

and Luther– Return to Early Christian

teachings

• John Calvin– Influenced by Luther– Predestination– Calvinism– Theocracy

http://app.discoveryeducation.com/player/?assetGuid=92EDB1C0-359B-4E94-BE1A-FF9169536AAA&fromMyDe=0&isPrinterFriendly=0&provider=&isLessonFromHealth=0&productcode=US&isAssigned=false&includeHeader=YES&homeworkGuid=

Spread of Calvinism

Reformation Continues• John Knox

– Scottish Preacher– Calvinist follower– Presbyterian

• Huguenots– French followers of Calvinism– St. Bartholomew’s Day– Edict of Nantes

• Anabaptists– Baptized people when they

were old enough to decide to be Christians

– Separate church and state– Pacifists – Share possessions

Catholic Reformation

•Aka Counter Reformation•Main reformers: Ignatius of Loyola and Popes Paul III & Paul IV

• Ignatius of Loyola– Society of Jesus• Jesuits– Founded schools– Convert non-

believers– Stop the spread of

Protestantism http://app.discoveryeducation.com/player/?assetGuid=23D6FB90-7468-4555-875D-FCADEA83271A&fromMyDe=0&isPrinterFriendly=0&provider=&isLessonFromHealth=0&productcode=US&isAssigned=false&includeHeader=YES&homeworkGuid=

Reforming Popes• Pope Paul III– 1534-15491. Investigates sale of

indulgences2. Approved Jesuit order3. Inquisition4. Council of Trent

• Church interprets Bible• Need faith and good

works• Bible and church were

authorities• Indulgences were valid

• Pope Paul IV– Carried out the Council

of Trent decrees– Index of Forbidden

books

Writing Prompt• Describe the lasting impact of the reformation

and the Counter Reformation.

Branches of Christianity

Branches of Christianity

Map activity• Using the blank map of Europe, please create a map of

religion in Europe in the 16th century.• You will need to create a key. • You will need to show the following faiths:

– Roman Catholic– Lutheran– Anglican– Calvinist– Hugenots– Islam

– Eastern Orthodox– Anabaptist– Presbyterian