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THE PHILIPPINE-AMERICAN WAR
THE ALL-IMPORTANT CHINA TRADE
John Hay - Open-Door Policy
Boxer Rebellion - 1900
THE “NEW” WHITE MAN’S BURDEN
American American Missionaries in Missionaries in
ChinaChina
19051905
FILIPINO INDEPENDENCE?
Philippines purchased from Spain for $20 million as part of Treaty of Paris
Emilio Emilio AguinaldoAguinaldo
William Howard TaftWilliam Howard Taft
First Governor-General of the PhilippinesFirst Governor-General of the Philippines
THE ANTI-WAR PROTESTORSIn 1899, the Anti-Imperialist League is Founded.
Members include William Jennings Bryan, Mark Members include William Jennings Bryan, Mark Twain, and Andrew Carnegie.Twain, and Andrew Carnegie.
THE PHILIPPINE-AMERICAN WAR1899 - 1902
• U.S. refuses to recognize Filipino independence.• War Estimates• Filipino Forces =
100,000 men• U.S. Forces =
74,000 men• Filipino Goal• Inflict constant
casualties on U.S. troops
The Oregon The Oregon Volunteer Infantry Volunteer Infantry
in 1899in 1899
A NEW EMPEROR?
GUERRILLA WAR PHASE 1900-1902
• Filipino Tactics• Low on ammunition, Aguinaldo abandons
conventional warfare.• American Tactics• Take no prisoners• Burning villages
• Concentration Camps
Filipino dead in Filipino dead in their trenchtheir trench
THE WATER CURE
A picture of a “water detail,” A picture of a “water detail,” reportedly taken in May, 1901, in Sual, reportedly taken in May, 1901, in Sual,
the Philippines. “It is a terrible the Philippines. “It is a terrible torture,” one soldier wrote.torture,” one soldier wrote.
AGUINALDO IS CAPTURED
April 1, 1901 – Aguinaldo swears an oath of loyalty to the United States.
““Let the stream of blood cease to Let the stream of blood cease to flow; let there be an end to tears flow; let there be an end to tears
and desolation.”and desolation.”
Fighting continues under Filipino General Miguel Malvar for one more
year.
FIGHTING AN INSURGENCY1902 - 1913
The Moro Rebellion (1901-1913) after the conclusion of the Philippine-American War
• The Moro peoples assumed that once the Philippines was liberated from the Spanish, they would be self-governing. They resisted the American takeover of the Philippines in 1899
• Conflict involved sporadic confrontations between the Muslim Filipinos (Moro) living in the southern part of the Philippines and Americans.
A Filipino Bolo A Filipino Bolo KnifeKnife
LEGACY OF THE PHILIPPINE-AMERICAN WAR
• Deaths• U.S. = 4,326 soldiers (mostly from
disease)• Filipinos(?) = 34,000 soldiers; 200,000
civilians• Moro Indians (?) = 10,000 to 20,000
men• Philippines will remain an important
naval base for U.S. through World War II• Philippines will gain independence on
July 4, 1946.
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