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The Passive Voice ( By C. Alpízar N.) http://www.e-grammar.org/passive-voice/. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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The Passive Voice
( By C. Alpízar N.)( By C. Alpízar N.)http://www.e-grammar.org/pas
sive-voice/
Characteristics
It is used in formal (academic, scientific) readings and writings.
It is rarely used in oral activities. It can be used, but it is not as common as in readings or formal writings.
Components1. a transitive verb (allows a direct object)2. a subject3. a direct object (or a “by” agent)4. the preposition “by” (not all the time)5. the verb “be” as an auxiliary6. a past participle
Simple Present Active
John writes articles for La Nación every day.
John = subjectwrites = transitive verbarticles = direct object
Simple Present Passive
Articles are written by John every day for La Nación.
Articles = new subjectare written = auxiliary “be” in present + past participleby John = “By agent” (not always necessary / present in a sentence)
Important Note
John writes articles = singular subject
Articles are written by John = plural subject.
On-line ExercisesSimple Present Passive
http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/passive/exercises?simple-present
http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/active_passive/sentences_simple_pr
esent.htm
Simple Past Active
Mozart composed Idomeneo in 1773.
Mozart = subjectcomposed = transitive verbIdomeneo = direct object
Simple Past Passive
Idomeneo was composed by Mozart in 1773.
Idomeneo = new subjectwas composed = auxiliary “be” in past + past participleby Mozart = “By agent” (not always necessary / present in a sentence)
Important Note
Mozart composed many symphonies = singular subject
Many symphonies were composed by Mozart = plural subject
On-line ExercisesSimple Past Passive
http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/gra
mmar/passive/exercises?simple-past
http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/active_passive/sentences_simple_p
ast.htm
Present Continuous Active
Researchers are launching (*) a new rocket today.
Researchers = subjectare launching = transitive verba new rocket = direct object (*) initiate
Present Continuous Passive
A new rocket is being launched by researchers today.
A new rocket = new subjectis being launched = auxiliary “be” in present (is) + auxiliary “be” in present continuous (being) + past participleby researchers = “By agent” (not always necessary / present in a sentence)
Important Note
Researchers are launching a new rocket today. = plural subject
A new rocket is being launched by researchers today. = singular subject
On-line ExercisesPresent Continuous Passive
http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/gra
mmar/passive/exercises?present-progressive
http://www.englishexercises.org/makea
game/viewgame.asp?id=4945
Present Perfect Active
Scientists have improved technology in the last century.
Scientists = subject have improved = transitive verb technology = direct object
Present Perfect Passive
Technology has been improved by Scientists in the last century.
Technology = new subject has been improved = auxiliary “has” + past participle of “be” (been) + another past participleby researchers = “By agent” (not always necessary / present in a sentence)
Important Note
Scientists have improved technology in the last century. = plural subject
Technology has been improved by Scientists in the last century. = singular subject
On-line ExercisesPresent Perfect Passive
http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/passive/exercises?present-
perfect
http://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/viewgame.asp?id=4946
Simple Future Active
People will drink Coca Cola in the 21st century.
People = subject will drink = transitive verb Coca Cola = direct object
Simple Future Passive
Coca Cola will be drunk by people in the 21st century.
Coca Cola = new subject will be drunk = auxiliary “will” + auxiliary-infinitive “be” + past participle the verb by people = “By agent” (not always necessary / present in a sentence)
Important Note
People will drink Coca Cola in the 21st century. = plural subject
Coca Cola will be drunk by people in the 21st century. = singular subject
Modals and Active Voice 1. Astronauts (subject) could launch (modal auxiliary + transitive verb)space stations (direct object)2. Humanity (subject) should start (modal auxiliary + transitive verb)space colonies (direct object) 3. Scientists (subject) will perfect (modal auxiliary + transitive verb)the necessary technology (direct object) soon.
Modals and Passive Voice 1. Space stations (new subject) could be launched (modal auxiliary + auxiliary “be” + past participle) by Astronauts (“by” agent)2. Space colonies (new subject) should be started (modal auxiliary + auxiliary “be” + past participle) by Humanity (“by” agent) 3. The necessary technology (new subject) will be perfected (modal auxiliary + auxiliary “be” + past participle) by Scientists(“by” agent)
On-line ExercisesModal Auxiliaries and Passive Voice
http://www.learnamericanenglishonline.com/Green%20Level/G8%20Modal
%20Passive.html
http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/passive/exercises?05
On-line ExercisesPassive Voice – Review
http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises_list/passiv.htm
http://www.myenglishgrammar.com/exercise-15-passive-voice.html
http://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/viewgame.asp?id=197
On-line ExercisesActive VS Passive Voice
http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/active_passive/active_or_passive.htm
http://a4esl.org/q/h/vm/active-passive.html
http://www.englishgrammar.org/active-passive-voice-exercise-ii/
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