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The Muslim World - Movements and Achievements. Essential Questions. What caused the split between the Sunni and Shi’a? How are these two groups still similar to one another? What were five science or math advancements of the Muslim World? - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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The Muslim World - Movements and Achievements
Essential Questions What caused the split between the
Sunni and Shi’a? How are these two groups still similar
to one another? What were five science or math
advancements of the Muslim World? What other influences does the Muslim
World have on us today?
Movements within Islam Notes
When & Why
In 661 C.E., the prophet Muhammad passed away and a family known as the Umayyads rose to power.
They set up a hereditary system of succession and moved the capital of the Muslim World to Damascus in Syria.
They also began to surround themselves with wealth and ceremony similar to that of non-Muslim rulers.
Abbasid Dynasty
750 C.E. Shiites revolted
against Umayyaads created own dynasty called “Abbassid” dynasty
Capital: Baghdad Period of
enlightenment achievements
Sunni
caliph should be chosen by leaders of the Muslim community
viewed caliphs as leaders, not religious authorities
comprise 90% of Islam followers
Shi’a (Shi’ite)
believed that the only true successor to Muhammad were descendents of Muhammad’s daughter and son-in-law (Fatima and Ali)
believed descendents were divinely inspired
most are located in Iran, Lebanon, Iraq, and Yemen
Sunni and Shi’a
one God
look to Qur’an for guidance
make hajj to Mecca
Muslim Achievements Notes
City Building and Architecture
City of Baghdad 100,000 architects,
workers, etc. to build the city
“round city”
City Building and Architecture Mosques
Usually had a minaret (tower) and a prayer room inside
Variety of design styles that reflected the diversity of Muslim lands
The Great Mosque in Mecca
Scholarship and Learning
Arabic language Became the
language of learning and scholarship
Scholarship and Learning
World’s first universities
Ibn Sina Most famous
philosopher All knowledge from
God, had proof that the soul was immortal
Science and Technology Zoology
The scientific study of animals Astronomy
Compasses used to locate the direction of Mecca
Figured out the exact times for prayer and length of Ramadan
Science and Technology
Underground Wells Used to bring water to
cities from reservoirs, sometimes 50 feet underground
Geography and Navigation
Calculated Earth’s circumference within 9 miles of its correct value
Produced a world atlas with dozens of maps
Compass
Mathematics Al-Khwarizmi “the father of algebra” Spread Indian concept of zero, used Arabic
numbers
Medicine First world hospitals Al-Razi realized that infections were
caused by bacteria
Bookmaking and Literature
A Thousand and One Nights (Arabian Nights)
Rumi, wrote Islamic mysticism
Art and Music
Rejected images of humans or animals in visual art, used shapes and patterns Calligraphy, beautiful handwriting mosaics First conservatory, or music school
Recreation
Polo: “sport of kings” and on horseback Chess: adapted and improved the game
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