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The Kingdoms of Egypt2 distinct cultures form along
Nile–Lower Egypt: North – Closer to Mediterranean Sea
–Upper Egypt: South
United by Menes: King of Upper Egypt around 3200 B.C.
Rulers of Egypt Menes – forms a dynasty
–Dynasty: right to rule that passes to children or relatives
Egypt’s rulers were religious and political leaders.–Regarded as gods: worshiped
Pharaohs Means: “great house” Duties of a Pharaoh:
–Hold absolute power–Led government–Head of armies–Supreme judges
Old Kingdom: 2680 – 2180 BCGreat Sphinx/Pyramids builtSociety split into two classes:–Lower: Peasants and farmers
•served in army/built pyramids
–Upper: Pharaoh, royal family, priests, and scribes
First Intermediate Period
Middle Kingdom: 2050 – 1780 BC
“Golden Age” of Egypt–stability and prosperity
Hyksos: “foreigners”–Nomads from Asia–Invaded Egypt: destroyed cities
Second Intermediate Period
New Kingdom: 1570 – 1080 B.C.Pharaoh’s regain power
–Strong government and army Hatshepsut: first female pharaoh
Amenhotep: tried to introduce monotheism–Belief in one god
•Aton: Sun god•Unsuccessful
The Decline of Egypt
Ramses II: Last strong pharaoh (1229-1213 B.C.)
Invaded by foreign empires –Assyrians and Persians
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