View
218
Download
1
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
THE GUANGALA AND
MANTEÑO-HUANCAVILCA
SHELL ORNAMENT
PRODUCTION METHODS
Sydney Cargill, Isha Chavva, Shannon Duffy, Julia Flores, Jennifer Mao, Gabrielle Shvartsman, Cindy
Weng, Sharmitha Yerneni
Peru
Spondylus
Guangala 200 B.C.- 600/800 A.D.
Manteño-Huancavilca 700/900 A.D. - 1530 A.D.
● Samples were recovered from two main sites ○ Site 47 near El Azúcar
(Guangala) ○ Site T2-2 near Chanduy
(Manteño-Huancavilca)
Hypotheses 1. Shell reduction - combination of sawing and
knapping processes 2. Drilling - comparing Guangala and
Manteño-Huancavilca beads 3. Grinding - added to shell reduction process
during Manteño-Huancavilca
How did they get from a Spondylus shell to a 4 mm bead?
Shell Reduction: Sawing
archaeological samples suggestive of sawing
archaeological
experimental
Boiling and the Moh’s Hardness Scale
Hardness (Moh’s Hardness Scale)
Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3
After Boiling 5
min.
After Cooling 5
min.
After Boiling 5
min.
After Cooling 5
min.
After Boiling 5
min.
After Cooling 5
min.
2 3 3 3-4 3 3
Calcite, Shell, Gypsum Fluorite, Shell, Calcite Fluorite, Shell, Calcite
(Top to Bottom) (Top to Bottom) (Top to Bottom)
Shell Reduction: Knapping
Piece that was knapped off from the cortex
archaeological experimental
Drilling: Bead Perforation Analysis
Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
Comparison of Drilling Methods
Although the drill hole rims of both the Guangala and M-H beads were smooth, the interior
cavity of the M-H bead was smoother than that of the Guangala bead.
Guangala Bead Manteño-Huancavilca Bead
Shell Refinement: Grinding
sandstone
Experimental Shell Sample 1 (circular method)
Experimental Shell Sample 2 (back-and-forth method)
Circular Method
Back-and-Forth Method
Archaeological Shell Sample
Guangala Bead Manteño-Huancavilca Bead Circular Method
Back-and-forth Method Guangala Bead Manteño-Huancavilca Bead
Fracture Method
● Find fracture lines
● Obsidian pieces to cut
● Under five minutes
● No grit, lemon, or boiling
● 1mm deep cut
● considerably efficient
● Compared ridges:
experimental and original
● pre-existing vs. created
fractures
● Fracture creation risky
● More research
Experimental Original
Future Research
Conclusion
Acknowledgements We would like to thank:
Independent College Fund of NJ/Johnson & Johnson AT&T
Bayer Healthcare The Overdeck Family Foundation
NJGSS Alumnae, Parents, and Corporate Matching Funds Board of Overseers, New Jersey Governor’s Schools
The State of New Jersey Drew University
Dr. Maria Masucci Dr. Adam Cassano Dr. Steve Surace
Kaushaly (Shelly) Patel Yumi Kouh
References Spondylus shell and beads:
http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2013/12/131203-chimu-
tomb-ancient-peru-nobles-sacrifices-archaeology-science/
Red Spondylus necklace:
http://nga.gov.au/exhibition/Incas/Default.cfm?IRN=231264&BioArtistIR
N=91411&MnuID=3&GalID=3&ViewID=2
Moh’s hardness scale:
http://www.nature.nps.gov/geology/education/concepts/minerals.cfm
SEM picture
http://ares.jsc.nasa.gov/Laboratories/kr_laboratories/SEM.cfm
THANK YOU!
Recommended