The Glacial Geology of the Hudson River Gorge based on Bridge Crossings between Albany Coveville and...

The Glacial Geology of the Hudson River Gorge based on Bridge Crossings between Albany

Coveville and Newburgh, NYBy

ROBERT DINEENLamb Cottage

Geigertown, PAERIC HANSON

Hanson-Van VleetClifton Park, NY

St. La

wrence

Lowlands

Cham

plai

n L

owla

nds

Ontario Lowlands

Erie Lowlands

Allegheny Plateau

Adirondack Mountains

New

Eng

land

Upl

ands

Conn

ectic

ut L

owla

nds

Mohawk Lowlands

PHYSIOGRAPHIC PROVINCESH

udso

n Lo

wla

nds

COVEVILLE

NEWBURGH

ALBANY

Study Area

NEWBURGH

COVEVILLE

YOUNGERDRYASSTADE11,000

13,000

12,000

15,000

14,000

AGE

IN C

-14

YEAR

S

TWO CREEKS INTERSTADE

PORT HURON STADE

MACKINAW INTERSTADE

PORT BRUCE STADE

ERIE INTERSTADE

NISSOURI STADE HELL HOLLOW TILL

LITTLE FALLS GRAVEL

MOHAWK TILL:MIDDLEBURGH-ROSENDALE

READVANCE

LAKE ALBANY II

LAKE QUAKER SPRINGSLAKE COVEVILLE

“LAKE” FORT ANN

HUDSON RIVER

LATE PLEISTOCENE STRATIGRAPHY

?LITTLE FALLS GRAVEL?

16,000

?HELL HOLLOW TILL?LAKE HUDSON

LAKE STAGESEASTERN NYS STRATIGRAPHY

Catastrophic floods throughMohawk Valley (3X)

Catastrophic floods throughChamplain Lowlands (2X+)

Tide waters in lower Hudson Valley

11.8k

10.9k

13.2?k

10.5kCHAMPLAIN SEA

Outflow from Lake Vermont

GLACIAL STRATIGRAPHY

LAKE ALBANY I

PREGLACIAL DRAINAGE

THREE MAJOR PREGLACIAL CHANNELS

MohawkColonieBatten Kill-Hudson

THREE TRIBUTARIES

AlplausBatten KillHoosic

COLO

NIE

MOHAW

K

BATT

EN K

ILL-

HUDS

ON

BATTEN KILL

HOOSIC

ALBANY

0 10

KM

SARATOGASPRINGS

RAVENA

COVEVILLE

GLENS FALLS

FORT ANN

SCHENECTADY

ALBANY

TROY

SARATOGASPRINGS

MOHAWK RIVER

MOHAWK RIVER

HUDS

ON

RIV

ER

SARATOGALAKE

COVEVILLE

NORTHERN REACH

COLO

NIE

CH

ANN

EL

MOHAWK CHANNEL

ALPL

AUS

CHAN

NEL

GLENS FALLS

FORT ANN

SCHENECTADY

ALBANY

TROY

SARATOGASPRINGS

COVEVILLE

HUDS

ON

RIV

ER

SCHENECTADYDELTA

BATTEN KILLDELTA

HOOSICDELTAIR

O-M

OHAW

K

NORTHERN REACH

FORT ANN

KK’

COVEVILLE

S S’C C’

W W’Preglacial

Batten Kill-Hudson

Cross-Section

NORTHERN REACHALBANY

FORT ANN

200 ft200 ft

200 ft200 ft

200 ft

200 ft

200 ft

200 ft

SL

SL

SL

SL

SL

SL

SL

SL

KROMA KILL

STILLWATER

CAMPBELL ISLAND

WATERFORD

0 2,000

FEET

HOLOCENE ALLUVIUMFORT ANN

LAKE ALBANY SANDLAKE ALBANY DELTAICS

LAKE ALBANY CLAY and SILTICE-CONTACT STRATIFIED DRIFT

TILL

LEGEND

10X Vertical Exaggeration

View from the South (Upstream)

K K’

S S’

C C’

W W’

NORTHERN REACHLITHOLOGY

200 ft200 ft

200 ft200 ft

200 ft

200 ft

200 ft

200 ft

SL

SL

SL

SL

SL

SL

SL

SL

KROMA KILL

STILLWATER

CAMPBELL ISLAND

WATERFORD

0 2,000FEET

PreglacialBatten Kill-

Hudson

PreglacialBatten Kill-

Hudson

PreglacialBatten Kill-

Hudson

HoosicDelta

Covevillegravel

NORTHERN REACH STRATIGRAPHY

PreglacialTributary

LA II

LA II

LA IILA II

200 ft200 ft

200 ft200 ft

200 ft

200 ft

200 ft

200 ft

SL

SL

SL

SL

SL

SL

SL

SL

KROMA KILL

STILLWATER

CAMPBELL ISLAND

WATERFORD

0 2,000FEET

230 ft

180 ft

210 ft

250 ft

DEPTH of SCOURNORTHERN REACH

Mohawk Channel

Colo

nie

Chan

nel

Colonie Channel

Alpl

aus

Chan

nel

Colonie Channel

Corn

ing

Conn

ectio

n

Huds

on-B

atten

Kill

Cha

nnel

Hud

son-

Batt

en K

ill C

hann

el

ALBANY REACH

ALBANY

SCHENECTADY COHOES

Preglacial Batten Kill-

Hudson

Cross-Section

T T’

II’

A’

GG’

CohoesC-14 Site

A RENSSELAER

TROY-MENANDS

INTERSTATE I-90

ALBANY-RENSSELEAR

GLENMONT

200 ft

200 ft

200 ft

200 ft

200 ft

200 ft

200 ft200 ft

SL SL

SL SL

SL

SL SL

SL

2,0000

FEET

View from the South (Upstream)

10X Vertical Exaggeration

ICE-CONTACT STRATIFIED DRIFT

LEGENDHOLOCENE ALLUVIUMFORT ANN

LAKE ALBANY SANDLAKE ALBANY CLAY and SILT

TILL

T T’

I I’

A A’

G G’

SEISMIC?

ALBANY REACHLITHOLOGY

TROY-MENANDS

INTERSTATE I-90

ALBANY-RENSSELEAR

GLENMONT

200 ft

200 ft

200 ft

200 ft

200 ft200 ft

200 ft200 ft

SL SL

SL SL

SL

SL SL

SL

2,0000

FEET

SEISMIC

PreglacialBatten Kill-

Hudson

PreglacialBatten Kill-

Hudson

PreglacialBatten Kill-

Hudson?

Flood-ScouredBedrock

LoudonvilleEsker

Complex

ALBANY REACH STRATIGRAPHY

LA I & II

LA I & II

TROY-MENANDS

INTERSTATE I-90

ALBANY-RENSSELEAR

GLENMONT

200 ft

200 ft

200 ft

200 ft

200 ft200 ft

200 ft200 ft

SL SL

SL SL

SL

SL SL

SL

2,0000

FEET

SEISMIC

DEPTH of SCOUR

270 ft

270 ft

240 ft

270 ft

ALBANY REACH

B’

RAVENA

HUDSON

CATSKILL

CONFLUENCE REACH

Colo

nie

Chan

nel

Batt

en K

ill-H

udso

n Ch

anne

l

Mohawk Channel

SCHENECTADY

B

C C’N N’

S S’

COEYMANS

STOCKPORT

NEW BALTIMORE

BERKSHIRE SPUR

200 ft 200 ft

-200 ft

-200 ft

-200 ft -200 ft

-200 ft

-200 ft

SLSL

SLSL

SL

SL SL

0 2,000

SEISMIC

SEISMIC

SEISMIC

HOLOCENE ALLUVIUM

FORT ANN

LAKE ALBANY SAND

LAKE ALBANY DELTAICS

LAKE ALBANY CLAY and SILT

ICE-CONTACT STRATIFIED DRIFT

TILL

LEGEND

View from the South (Upstream)

10X Vertical Exaggeration

CONFLUENCE REACHB B’

C C’

N N’

S S’

SL

LITHOLOGY

COEYMANS

STOCKPORT

NEW BALTIMORE

BERKSHIRE SPUR200 ft 200 ft

-200 ft

-200 ft

-200 ft -200 ft

-200 ft

-200 ft

SLSL

SLSL

SLSL

SL SL

0 2,000

SEISMIC

SEISMIC

SEISMIC

PreglacialBatten Kill-

Hudson

Above the Batten Kill-Hudson/Colonie

Confluence

At the Batten Kill-Hudson/Colonie

Confluence

Flood-ScouredBedrock

Flood-ScouredBedrock

Flood-ScouredBedrock

Flood-ScouredBedrock

CONFLUENCE REACH STRATIGRAPHY

LA I & II

COEYMANS

STOCKPORT

NEW BALTIMORE

BERKSHIRE SPUR200 ft 200 ft

-200 ft

-200 ft

-200 ft -200 ft

-200 ft

-200 ft

SLSL

SLSL

SLSL

SL SL

0 2,000

SEISMIC

SEISMIC

SEISMIC

DEPTH of SCOUR

>260 ft

260 ft

260 ft

>260 ft

CONFLUENCE REACH

HUDSON

KINGSTON

POUGHKEEPSIE

NeEWBURGH

RVW

KR KR’

RVW’

MHPMHP’

NB NB’

SOUTHERN REACH

Ravena

Hudson

Catskill

SOUTHERN REACH

Colo

nie

Chan

nel

Batt

en K

ill-H

udso

n Ch

anne

l

Mohawk Channel

Schenectady

RVW RVW’

MHP’

Kingston

Poughkeepsie

Newburgh

MHP

KR KR’

NB NB’

SOUTHERN REACH

KINGSTON-RHINECLIFF

MID-HUDSON - POUGHKEEPSIE

NEWBURGH-BEACON

RIP VAN WINKLE200 ft 200 ft

200 ft 200 ft

-200 ft-200 ft

200 ft 200 ft

-200 ft -200 ft

SL SL

SL SL

SL SL

SLSL

0 2,000

HOLOCENE ALLUVIUM

HOLOCENE TIDAL MUDS

QUAKER SPRINGS-COVEVILLE-FORT ANN

LAKE ALBANY CLAY and SILT

MIDDLEBURGH-ROSENDALEOUTWASH

TILL

LITTLE FALLS GRAVEL(?)

View from the South (Upstream)

10X Vertical Exaggeration

LEGEND

SOUTHERN REACH

KR’KR

RPW RPW’

MHP’MHP

NB’NB

LITHOLOGY

KINGSTON-RHINECLIFF

MID-HUDSON - POUGHKEEPSIE

NEWBURGH-BEACON

RIP VAN WINKLE200 ft 200 ft

200 ft 200 ft

-200 ft-200 ft

200 ft 200 ft

-200 ft -200 ft

SL SL

SL SL

SL SL

SLSL

0 2,000

Flood-ScouredBedrock

Compact below-200 feet

Transition toOrganic Silt

Boulder Gravel:Head-of-Outwash

Boulder Gravel

SOUTHERN REACH STRATIGRAPHY

HoloceneTidal Delta

Till over ICSD

QS-CV-FAMarine Sediment

LittleFalls

Gravel

KINGSTON-RHINECLIFF

MID-HUDSON - POUGHKEEPSIE

NEWBURGH-BEACON

RIP VAN WINKLE200 ft 200 ft

200 ft 200 ft

-200 ft-200 ft

200 ft 200 ft

-200 ft -200 ft

SL SL

SL SL

SL SL

SLSL

0 2,000

DEPTH of SCOUR

250 ft

310 ft

315 ft

290 ft

SOUTHERN REACH

HOW

DEMBy

Janet ManchesterNYSGS

K-R

HOW

RED

HOOK

MOR

AINE

C&S

1986

Well w/ Till over ICSD

Dineen exposure

C&S exposure

Striae

HOW Head-Of-Outwash

R

ML

ROSENDALE READVANCE REVISITED

SUMMARY and CONCLUSIONS IThe Modern Hudson River’s floodplain deposits grade from alluvial sandand gravel at the Kroma Kill section to sand with gravel at the Albany-Troy section, to tidal delta sand at the Rip Van Winkle section. They grade intoOrganic-matter rich tidal silts from the Kingston Rhinecliff to the Newburgh-Beacon cross sections.

The trough eroded through the Lake Albany deposits is 230 ft deep at the Kroma Kill cross section, deepening to 315 ft deep at the Newburgh-BeaconCross section.

Depth of Scour

X-SECT KROMA KILL STILL CAMP WATER TROY I-90 ALBANY GLEN

DEPTH in FEET

230 180 210 250 280 240 220 220

X-SECT BERK COEY NEW BALT

STOCK RVW K-R MHP N-B

DEPTH in FEET

260 ? ? ? 260 310 290 315

The Fort Ann catastrophic flood deposits can be traced from the Kroma Kill to the Kingston-Rhinecliff cross sections.

The Coveville and Quaker Springs catastrophic flood deposits can be traced from the Coeymans to the Kingston-Rhinecliff cross sections.

The Head-of-Outwash for the Middleburgh-Rosendale Readvance is a short distance north of the Mid-Hudson-Poughkeepsie section.

The coarse sands and gravels at the base of the Rip Van Winkle and the Kingston-Rhinecliff cross sections are outwash from the retreating Middleburgh-Rosendale readvance.

The compact, bouldery sand and gravel at the base of the Newburgh-Beacon cross section is the Little Falls Gravel.

SUMMARY and CONCLUSIONS II