View
7
Download
1
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
Professor Tshilidzi Marwala
Vice Chancellor and Principal, University of Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa
South African Film Summit
4 February 2019
THE FOURTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
AND SOCIETY
Contents
• Industrial revolutions
• Key technologies that are driving the fourth industrial revolution
• Fourth Industrial Revolution and Economics
• Fourth Industrial Revolution and Politics
• Fourth Industrial and Psychology
• Fourth Industrial Revolution and Medical Sciences
• Fourth Industrial Revolution and Engineering
Contents
3Professor Tshilidzi Marwala l University of Johannesburg
History of the Future: Past Futures
02
01DNA: Newton and James Wattsteam mechanization, etc.
1st Industrial Revolution: knowledge formulation
2nd Industrial Revolution: knowledge evolutionDNA: Electro-Magnetism by Faraday, Maxwell and Hans Christian Ørstedelectrification, mass production, etc.
03DNA: Transistors based on Semi-Conductors by Bardeen, Brattain and Shockley
computerization, Internetization, etc.
3rd Industrial Revolution: knowledge distribution
04DNA: Artificial Intelligence by Turing
cyber-physical systemization, artificial cognization, robotization, etc.
4th Industrial Revolution: knowledge mutation
4Professor Tshilidzi Marwala l University of Johannesburg
Technologies for the fourth industrial revolution
• Cyber:
• Artificial Intelligence, IoT, Blockchain, Quantum
• Physical:
• 3-D Printing; Robotics; New Materials: graphene
• Biological:
• Biomedical Engineering; Biotechnology
5Professor Tshilidzi Marwala l University of Johannesburg
Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Deep Learning
Soft
Computing
Computational
Intelligence
Deep
Learning
Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence
Big Data = Using AI to analyze large amount of data
6Professor Tshilidzi Marwala l University of Johannesburg
Soft Computing: Bluff and Detect Bluffing (Fraud detection)
Fuzzy Logic, Multi-Agent System, Mechanism Design
7
Computational Intelligence: Ant Colony Optimization
Professor Tshilidzi Marwala l University of Johannesburg
• Eugene Marais - Die Siel van die Mier; Ant movement deposits a trail of pheromones; The path with the strongest pheromones then is the shortest path between one point to another; Particle swarm optimization has found use in applications such as scheduling
8Professor Tshilidzi Marwala l University of Johannesburg
Machine Learning: Statistical Approach to AI
𝒚𝒌 = 𝒇𝒐𝒖𝒕𝒑𝒖𝒕
𝒋=𝟎
𝑴
𝒘𝒌𝒋𝒇𝒉𝒊𝒅𝒅𝒆𝒏
𝒊=𝟎
𝑵
𝒘𝒊𝒋𝒙𝒊
Citation: http://news.unchealthcare.org/images/science-
images/neuron-illustration-1/image_view_fullscreenCitation: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_intelligence
9Professor Tshilidzi Marwala l University of Johannesburg
Deep Learning
10Professor Tshilidzi Marwala l University of Johannesburg
Citation: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TZxdao4s6rg
11Professor Tshilidzi Marwala l University of Johannesburg
KAIST Robot
• Learns
• Senses
• Reacts
• Drives
• Walks
• Almost human.
• It is artificially intelligent.
• Does it fall in love?
• Is it conscious?
• Can it be recruited by COSATU?
• Can it respond to the call: “Robots of the world unite, you have nothing to lose but
chains”?
12Professor Tshilidzi Marwala l University of Johannesburg
Economics
• Demand and Supply
• Rational Expectations
and Rational Choice
• Bounded Rationality and
Behavioral Economics
• Game Theory and
Mechanism Design
• Causality and
Counterfactuals
• Pricing and Portfolio
Theory
13Professor Tshilidzi Marwala l University of Johannesburg
Decision Making with Incomplete/Imperfect Information:Prediction of HIV Risk
Tshilidzi Marwala,
Rendani Mbuvha. (South
African Provisional
Patent 2018/06344) A
system and method for
imputing missing data in
a dataset, a method and
system for determining a
health condition of a
person, and a method
and system of
calculating an insurance
premium.
14Professor Tshilidzi Marwala l University of Johannesburg
Political Science: Interstate conflict
马瓦拉
15Professor Tshilidzi Marwala l University of Johannesburg
Psychology Human-Robots Interaction
• Impact on behavior of people resulting in
interaction with machines
• Cognitive development and technology
• 4IR and absent parents (e.g. fathers)
• 4IR and Job Insecurity
• 4IR and Spending Habits
• AI and Behavioral Economics
16Professor Tshilidzi Marwala l University of Johannesburg
Medical Application: Detection of epilepsy
17Professor Tshilidzi Marwala l University of Johannesburg
Medical Application: Artificial larynx
18Professor Tshilidzi Marwala l University of Johannesburg
Medical Application: Pulmonary embolism
19Professor Tshilidzi Marwala l University of Johannesburg
Medical Application: Prioritize patients (triage)
20Professor Tshilidzi Marwala l University of Johannesburg
Monitoring the condition of structures
Citation: https://city-press.news24.com/Business/whos-to-blame-for-
grayston-bridge-collapse-20160710
21Professor Tshilidzi Marwala l University of Johannesburg
Finite Element Model
Szűcs et. al. Finite Element Analysis of the Human Mandible to Assess the Effect
of Removing an Impacted Third Molar. J Can Dent Assoc 2010;76:a72
E.F Morgan & M.L Bouxsein Use of finite element analysis to assess
bone strength (2005) 2, 8–19 (2005) doi:10.1138/20050187
m
j
j
n
i
i
S
KM
K
ZKp 2
2
1
exp1
|
22
Monitoring and predicting dam levels
Tshilidzi Marwala, Dipanjan Paul and
Satyakama Paul. (South African
Provisional Patent 2018/03463) System
and method for real time prediction of
water level and hazard level of a dam.
23Professor Tshilidzi Marwala l University of Johannesburg
Regulations and Ethics
24
•Post-work era (due to advanced means of production)
• Irrelevance in the 4thIR versus exploitation of 1stIR
• Increase inequality
•Bounded freedom (we are being watched)
•Bounded decision making by humans
•Bounded nationalism
•Bounded democracy – (democracy in peril)
•Laws and ethics to regulate automation
•New economic theories
•Human-Robot interaction will create new psychology in people
Consequences of the 4thIR
25
• Produce skills for the 4thIR (WEF): Cognitive Abilities; Systems; Complex
Problem Solving; Content; Process; Social; Resource Management;
Technical; Physical
• Regulation of ownership of data
• Understand the relationship between automation and people
• Understand automation and the future of work: “The jobs of the future will
be those that make people happy or at ease” Khathutshelo Marwala
• Adapt to the fast changing world: flipped and blended classrooms
• Redefining infrastructure: Wearables, Soft-labs, Simulation
• We can achieve these through multi-disciplinary education where human
and social sciences understand science and technology and vice versa
Looking forward
26Professor Tshilidzi Marwala l University of Johannesburg
AI of University of Johannesburg on CNN Marketplace Africa
Thank you…
…Ngiyabonga…
Recommended