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The first people to come to America came from Asia. They crossed the ____ located in the
Bering Strait
Early people of the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico
They sacrificed people on a massive scale to the sun godThey were defeated by the Spanish Conqueror Hernan
Cortez
This started with Christopher Columbus
A transfer of people, good and ideas from eastern and western
hemispheresCaused a food surplus and
population explosion in EuropeCased disease to kill many natives in
America
The right for the Spanish (in America) to demand tribute
(enslavement) of native population
Spanish leaders who defeated the Aztecs and Incans Pissarro and Cortez are
examples
While the English were settling on the east coast of North America this group claimed lands in what today
would be Canada, Ohio ValleyThey were fur trappers and traders and had a much better relationship
with natives than the English
This was the first unsuccessful colony in America
The people of this colony vanished
He was a map maker who made the discovery that the lands we call America were not the East
Indies but a Continent
Spanish priest who was against the enslavement of natives in
AmericaHe suggested that Africans be
used
Early land bridgeAztecsColumbian Exchange
EncomiendaConquistadorsFrench
RoanokeAmerigo VespucciBatolome de Las Casas
Also called the Line of DemarcationSeparates Spanish and Portuguese lands in AmericaGave Portugal what is today Brazil
They were the Spanish king and queen who funded ColumbusThey also were strict Catholics who started the Reconquista
(campaign to drive Muslims and Jew out of Spain)
Indians in America who in the Chesapeake region
Pocahontas was from this tripe
He started the Protestant reformation in Europe. This
would lead to many people from Europe to come to America because of religious wars or seeking religious freedom or
toleration
He was a follower of Martin Luther
He believed in predestinationHe created a Theocracy (Church Ruled) government in Geneva
These were English private sea captains who attacked Spanish
ShipsQueen Elizabeth encouraged
this
1700’s the following had what impact of American colonies
Religious persecution in EuropeHigh unemployment or poor quality
employment in Europe Unable for lower class Europeans to
obtain land ownership
People came together and investing in new settlements in
AmericaThe London Company AKA the
Virginia Company is one of these
These were young men who came to 1700’s (Jamestown /Chesapeake
region) Their passage was paid and they
owed service to whoever paid their way
After they worked off their debt they were given land to farm most often
at the edge of the frontier
Treaty of TordesillasFerdinand and Isabella
Martin Luther John Calvin Sea Dogs
What stimulated English migrationJoint-stock companyIndentured servants
Powhattans
He was the father of tobaccoHe introduced tobacco to
Jamestown settlementHe married Pocahontas
Tobacco became a cash crop and made a great profit saving
Jamestown economically
He called it a “stinking weed” referring to tobacco
But he liked the profit he obtained from this cash crop
This colony in America was established as a sanctuary for
Catholics
These were English people who were called separatists
They settled in Holland but when their child starting acting Dutch Like,
they came to AmericaThey sailed on the Mayflower and
landed in Plymouth
When the pilgrims landed in Plymouth they realized they had
sailed off course and landed in an area they had no charter for.
They all signed a document before they got off the ship promising to follow the future rules they would
establishName the document
She disagreed with Puritan leadership and was banished She was later killed by Indians
They were English who settled in America. They created
Massachusetts Bay ColonyThey had a theocracy
governmentThey created a “City on a Hill”
He was a Quaker and obtained a land grant and created
This was a well planned colony, offered religious toleration.
Advertised throughout Europe – settles by very diverse culture
Fast growing ColonyWho establish Pennsylvania (Penn’s
wood)
Established by Thomas HookerThe colony of Connecticut established the first constitution in AmericaIt became a model for future constitutions. It was called?
Maryland James !
PilgrimsMayflower CompactAnne Hutchinson
PuritansWilliam PennFundamental Orders of Connecticut
John Rolfe
The first successful English colony in America
Established in what would be called Virginia
Tobacco saved this place economically
High death rates hear / low birthrate
He saved Jamestown by making people work for their food
His life was saved by PocahontasHe established Rhode Island
1st Governor of PlymouthPilgrim’s settlement
1st representative government in America Chesapeake region
Only rich land holders are part of this (Aristocracy)
In early American Chesapeake region (Jamestown)
If you paid someone’s passage to the new world you would get 50 acres of land. This was called
In the late 1600’s these people would arrive from Africa
Their status in the early years was very unclear
They would eventually replace indentured servants as workers
on plantations
He believed that all people had God given rights of life, liberty
and propertyHis beliefs can be seen in our Declaration of Independence
and Bill of Rights
This colony was established as a buffer colony between Spanish
Florida and English ColoniesPrisoners sent here from
England
Roger Williams John Smith
William BradfordHouse of BurgessesHeadright
SlaveryJohn LockeGeorgia
Jamestown
John Smith called the area that would contain Massachusetts, Maine, New Hampshire and
Rhode Island
A colony like New Jersey that was run as a privately owned
estate
The 17 century mass settlement of the Puritans in Massachusetts
Bay and other coloniesCaused by religious persecution
in England
Early American colony required each community of 50 or more families to provide a teacher of reading and writing (Puritan)
To vote in Puritan Massachusetts you needed to be?
Was the first genuine unified movement of the American
ColonistsGave colonist a feeling of shared
identityReligious movement spread
throughout colonies
Economic theory A government should seek to direct the economy so as to
maximize exportsThe English colonies exist for
England to make a profit
The purpose of the ____ in 1754 was to obtain colonial unity and common defense
against the French
____ War of 1675 -1676 was fought to establish English
control over the Indians in New England.
Great migration proprietary colony
MassachusettsMale Church memberGreat Awakening
MercantilismAlbany CongressKing Philip’s War
New England
Acts passed by England restricting colonial trade to England only.
Enumerated good had to be shipped on English ships to England
Purpose was to guarantee that England alone would profit from trade with the
coloniesProfit would be used to pay toward debt
from French and Indian War
______ was upset with Governor Berkley and his policies toward Native
AmericansHe and his followers were upset about
being disenfranchised (not have a say in government matters) by the House of
BurgessesHis followers were mostly former
Indentured Servants that wanted to acquire land.
This was an act passed by Parliament (1763) that did not
allow settlers to cross the Appalachian Mountains
Gave colonist a feeling that England was controlling the
future advancement
Blamed George III for the colonies' problems and urged Americans to
declare their independenceSeries of pamphlets called “Common Sense” that suggested the colonies
become their own countryThese were written by
The Tea Act lowered the price of English tea but also forced the colonist to only buy English Tea
Colonist preferred Dutch TeaMembers of the Son’s of Liberty
threw English tea into Boston HarborThis was known as the?
Act passed by Parliament in response to the Boston Tea
PartyClosed Boston Harbor and said
the people of Boston had to pay for the tea.
Act passed by Parliament that taxed printed material, legal document
9 Colonies send representatives the meeting called the ___ ___ Congress.
Led to a colonial wide boycott of English goods
The act was repealed (cancelled) because of the boycott
He was thought to be the most Enlightened American
He was an inventor and later a statesman
He negotiated with the French to join the American Revolution after the Colonist won the battle
of Saratoga
This inter-colonial association was created by the elite in an attempt to
channel crowd action into acceptable forms of resistance
These persons would tar and feather tax collectors
Samuel was one of the leaders of this group
Proclamation of 1763 Nathaniel Bacon
Thomas PaineBoston Tea PartyCoercive Act / Intolerable Act
Stamp ActBenjamin FranklinSons of Liberty
Navigation Acts
This meeting was held in response to the Intolerable ActColonies sent representativesThe members sent a letter to King George trying to prevent
war (Olive Branch Petition)
King George had a large army stationed in Boston
Quartering Act forced colonists to house these soldiers
A crowd threatened several soldiers who fired into the crowd killing some
Paul Revere later called this event?
According to England all English subjects, including those who are not allowed to vote, are represented in Parliament.They said we were virtually
representedWe called this?
General Gage sent British troops to Concord and Lexington in search of
weaponsBritish soldiers and colonist met on
Lexington greenA shot was fired called “The Shot
Heard Around the world”This was the start of?
This was a list of reasons why the American colonists were
separating from EnglandContained the philosophies of
John LockWritten by Thomas Jefferson
Their job was to prepare the colonies for war
They put George Washington in charge of the Continental Army
They had Thomas Jefferson write the declaration of
Independence
The colonist defeated the British at the Battle of _____
This win encouraged the French to join our side
1600s In this colony people came to America as whole families and sometimes
many from the same villagePurpose for settlement was religious
freedomThey had rocky or sandy soil but worked
together for the common good of the colony
This colony was able to grow from reproduction
1600s colonyHigh death rate from disease
and Indian attacksPurpose of settlement was to
make a profitGood soil for planting
Ratio of men to women 6/1
Taxation without representation Boston Massacre
Revolutionary War Declaration of IndependenceSecond Continental Congress
SaratogaNew England/ Massachusetts Jamestown
Virginia Chesapeake
First Continental Congress
Evangelism was the new type of religious preaching during the
Great AwakeningMinisters during the Great Awakening like Jonathan
EdwardsGeorge Whitefield was called?
Princeton was created to train new pastors. What religious
movement in the colonies fueled this?
What is this?Restitution was promised to colonist
that had been loyal to EnglandPromise to pay colonial debt to
England13 colonies recognized as an
independent nation and get lands from Mississippi to Atlantic.
First successful European colony in North America
General Cornwallis had his back to the sea and could not excape
because the French ships had arrived. He surrendered to
George Washington. The Battle of ____ was the last major battle
of the Revolutionary War.
Confederation of states 1781 Legislative body – selected each
year from each stateEach state had 1 vote / No veto
power over legislationDenied Congress the power to
taxWeak central government
This gave laid out how the western lands to the new United States could
become a state. 1787 Territories established
Governor, Secretary, 3 judges60,000 people – write a constitution
and petition from statehoodMust have Bill of rights
Central government to weak to enforce peace 17
States passed laws restricting payments to England merchants for pre-war debts
England refused to withdraw troops from Northwest Territory
Spain refused to abide by land boundary between them and Georgia
Closed the Mississippi River to AmericansThis all happened during what government of
the United States?
England merchants flooded America with English goods
Goods often cheaper that American goodsPut a strain on American economy
National government had no power to regulate trade
Some states printed their own money (no value) to pay debts
This happened during what government of the United States?
Treaty of Paris Great Awakening
St. AugustineYorktownArticles of Confederation
Northwest OrdinanceArticles of ConfederationArticles of Confederation
New Lights
During Articles of ConfederationPoor farmers in Massachusetts / Banks –taking
their homes and farms awayMany were heroes from the revolutionary
war / they were paying heavy taxesOrganized rebellion closed a county court –
foreclosures being conductedThreatened to seize a federal arsenal / Congress did not have the funds to put
together an army and put down the uprisingThis was ___ Rebellion
Father of our ConstitutionFederalist who promised the
Anti0Federalists a Bill of Rights
1787 – 55 men – representing 12 states meet
They were looking at a way to fix the Articles of Confederation
Soon they decided to scrap the Articles and establish a new
constitutionThis was called
South and north could not agree on how to count slaves. If they
counted as a full person it would give the southern states more
representation in government. They agreed on?
They wanted a strong federal government
Argued for a new constitution John Adams was one
They wanted a government in which he states had the power
Agreed to new constitution only if Bill of Rights would be added
Thomas Jefferson was one
Created by James Madison10 Amendments to the
ConstitutionProtections to the people from
the government
Freedom of religion / to assemble peacefully / and
speechRight for Americans to bear
arms and have a militia
Philadelphia Convention Constitutional Convention James Madison
3/5th CompromiseFederalistAnti-Fedealists
Bill of Rights1st Amendment2nd Amendment
Shays (Daniel Shay)
No soldiers can be quartered in a person’s home during peace
time
The right of people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers
and effects against unreasonable searched and
seizures
Cannot be made to testify against self
Cannot be tried twice for the same crime
Cannot be deprived of life, liberty or property without due
process
The right to a speedy trialRight to confront witnesses
Right to a lawyer
No excessive bailNo cruel and unusual
punishment
PresidentJohn Adams Vice President
Some wanted to call him: His Excellency, his highness
Congress established positions called the?
Departments of:War- Henry Knox
State- Thomas JeffersonTreasury – Alexander Hamilton
Created Supreme CourtChief Justice- John Jay / 5
associate Created 13 district courts
Wanted to find a way to reduce the nation’s debt
Federal government to pay debt / reduce a state’s ability to
shape the economy
5th Amendment 4th Amendment
CabinetJudiciary Act of 1789Hamilton’s Plan
3rd Amendment
George Washington 8th Amendment 6th Amendment
Hamilton wanted the United States to create a bank
Financial security tied directly to the strength of the ban
Issue currency – money would maintain value
Madison and others challenged thisNecessary and proper clause / Also
called the elastic clause or?
John Jay went to EnglandEngland agreed to abandon
outposts in Northwest Territories
Americans ships allowed to trade –West Indies
Would not Promise / Impress soldiers
Farmers in western Pennsylvania protested taxed
Washing and Federalist looked at this as a challenge to government
Washington sent 15,000 troopsThe rebels disappeared
Two rebels were eventually arrested
September 1796 /Warned against political parties
Avoid making permanent alliances with other nations
2nd president – FederalistThomas Jefferson – Anti-
Federalist – VP
1797 French ships seized American ships
This was known as – Quasi-War (no declaration of war)
Adams sent a delegation to FrancePinckney, Marshall, and Gerry
French intermediary – demanded huge bribes - $250,000
Law that made it illegal for Anti-Federalists to criticize the Federalist
governmentPresident could detain or deport
people from any nation the USA was at war
14 year period to become citizenPeople who criticized Adams were
arrested and jailed
Election of 1800Jefferson and Burr tied 73
votes / House selected JeffersonWhat Amendment changes that president and VP run on same
ticket
3rd President of the United States
End the Alien and Sedition Act
Whiskey Rebellion Jay’s Treaty
Washington’s Farewell AddressJohn Adams XYZ Affair
Alien and Sedition Act12 Amendment (1804)Thomas Jefferson
Implied powers of the Government to handle the growing needs of
the nationUnited States Bank
1803 James Monroe – went to FranceHe was instructed to explore the
possibility of buying the port (city) of Louisiana
Monroe was surprised when France offered the entire region for $15 Million
Size of America had greatly increasedPeople that would move into the new
region tended to be Anti-Federalist
Search the Louisiana Territory for a water route to the Pacific
Set of from St. Louis – Missouri River –January 1803
Crossed the Rocky Mountains – Pacific Ocean 1805 November
Contact with animals, new lands, and Indians
Opened the lands for further exploration and settlement
North African States – Tangiers, Algiers, Tripoli
Pirates attacked American commercial ships
Fleet of Marines sentAmerican ship captured and
crew ransomed off / 1805 Treaty signed
Ruled that the act passed by Congress was unconstitutional
Established the power of the Supreme Court to declare an act
of Congress unconstitutional
Vice President for JeffersonJuly 11, 1804 – the Vice
President shot and Killed the former Secretary of Treasury Later planned an invasion of
Spanish Colonies
America had their eyes on the rich lands- Canada
American troops advanced to CanadaAmerican navy was effective and held up against the British Navy (Strongest
Navy in the World)British forces attacked and burned
WashingtonBattle of Baltimore / Battle of New
Orleans
September 13-14, 1814British ships fired on American
fortAmerican flag flew high
Francis Scott Key – Star Spangled Banner
Battle of ___?
Andrew Jackson in charge of troops
January 8, 1815 – British launched a frontal attackAmerican were victorious
Battle fought after war was over
Peace with England / ended war of 1812
Both sides agreed to stop fightingEngland refused to discuss
impressmentsAt home the war was viewed as a
successAmerica had stood up to the most
powerful military in the world
Barbary States Lewis and Clark
Marbury vs. MadisonAaron BurrWar of 1812
BaltimoreBattle of New OrleansTreaty of Ghent
Louisiana Purchase
Died on July 4th 1826Anniversary of the signing of the
Declaration of Independence
ExpansionFlorida became part of USA
Spain gave up its claim in the Pacific Coast – north of
CaliforniaAgreed to new boundaries –
Texas
Belief held that the lands in America from the Atlantic to the
Pacific – belonged to the American people
364 miles – connecting Hudson River / Great Lakes
Lowered costs for transportationMade New York a center of
trade
Wheat became a main crop in western states
New England – Sheep raisingCotton “king” crop of the Deep South
Cotton profits made the south wealthy / northern states /factories
benefited from this crop
Industrialization1815 – Most manufacturing was
done in homes /
Built a textile factory in Massachusetts
Employed young women who lived on site
Followed Madison as presidentEra of Good feelings
Wanted to make friends with Latin America for the benefit of
USA
Court asked to rule if legislature of New Hampshire had the right to convert Dartmouth from a private college to
state universityCourt stated that original charter was
binding – ruled against the stateCharters granted from the state to a
private corporation were protected by the Constitution
Manifest Destiny Adam – Onis Treaty - 1819
Erie CanalMarket EconomyPutting out system
Francis LowellJames Monroe as President Dartmouth College v. Woodward
Thomas Jefferson and John Adams
State of Maryland had taxed the Baltimore branch of the bank
Tax unconstitutionalMain issues were if Congress could establish a bank and If
state could regulate and tax the bank
Bolstered the power of Congress to regulate interstate commerce
Stated that states could not interfere with the national
government’s right to regulate commerce
1821 Congress stated their support for the revolutions in Latin America
America also did not want European powers to establish other colonies in Latin
AmericaTold European powers to stay away from
the Western Hemisphere – America would control this sphere of influenceNo real power to enforce this
Defined as a direct rule of the peopleIn America there had been leveling of
classesSelf made man rose to prominenceIn the Jacksonian Era this changed
some.Economic inequality increased the
gap between the rich and poor
He wrote Moby Dick He wrote Scarlet Letter
He wrote Paul Revere’s Ride He wrote Old Ironsides He wrote Leaves of Grass
Monroe Doctrine Gibbons v. Ogden
DemocracyHerman MelvilleNathaniel Hawthorne
Henry Wadsworth LongfellowOliver Wendell HolmesWalt Whitman
McCulloch v. Maryland
_____Era?Democrats
Whigs – Republicans Parties started to hold national
conventions to select their person to run for president
Parties disagreed with each other and sometimes with themselves
Election 1828 who won? Democrat
A forceful and domineering president
Appointed people to government jobs who supported
him
When the president appointed people to government jobs who
supported him
Indian RemovalJackson supported the removal of Indians to
lands not settled by whitesCherokee Nation owned lands in Georgia,
North Carolina, and TennesseeGeorgia, Alabama, and Mississippi extended its
state laws over Cherokees This defied US Constitution which gave the Central government power in Indian affairs
1838 – Forced removal of Indians to Oklahoma/ Many died
Supreme Court decision denied the state the power to extend jurisdiction over Indian landsGeorgia defied this order and
Jackson supported Georgia and violated the US Constitution
Southern states became fearful of federal encroachment on state rights
South Carolina took up the issue of protective tariff
Vice President Calhoun supported states rightsA feud developed between Jackson and
CalhounIn 1832 South Carolina legislature voted to
nullify the tariffJackson told the secretary of war to prepare for
military actionSouth Carolina backed down
Kitchen Cabinet Close friends of Jackson and his unofficial advisors
They advised Jackson to go against the federal bank
Biddle sought a bill for re-charter for the bank passed CongressJackson vetoed the bill
Congress attempts to override the veto failed
This issue angered many republicans
New party- support came from republicans / against Jackson
Southern support for state rightsBank issue as a violation of
powersThey referred to Jackson as
“King Andrew”
Election 1840Whigs supported William Henry
Harrison – Associated with winning the battle of Tippecanoe
John Tyler –states’ rights advocate as running mateHarrison won
What was campaign slogan?
Spoils system Andrew JacksonOld Hickory
Trail of TearsWorcester v. GeorgiaNullification Crisis
Bank WarWhigs“Tippecanoe and Tyler too”
Jascksonian
Proclamation of 1763 Nathaniel Bacon
Thomas PaineBoston Tea PartyCoercive Act / Intolerable Act
Stamp ActBenjamin FranklinSons of Liberty
Navigation Acts
Religious revivals swept through the north 1830
New Evangelist movement called on people to repent their
sinsAll classes responded to this
movement
Inspired by the religious movement (Second Great Awakening)
Groups wantedCurb non-religious activities on
Sabbath End - Gambling, Prostitution,
DuelingDrinking alcohol
End the consumption of alcoholStarted from religious movementWomen played an important part
Protect their homes from the effects of alcohol
Consumption of hard liquor declined 50% -1830’s
Father of Education1820-1850 expansion of public education
Most developed in New EnglandEstablish the State Board of Education MACompulsory attendance laws / Alienated
working classThree r’s (reading, riting, and rithmetic
Textbooks / Morality also taught
Piety, domesticity, purity and submissiveness
While many women were in favor of the women's movement, some were not. Some of these believed in preserving the values of "true womanhood": piety, domesticity,
purity and submissiveness. These opponents of the women’s movement
referred to their ideas as the "Cult of True Womanhood." Or?
Spurred by Second Great Awakening
Criminals, lunatics, and paupersInstitution established – for those incapable of caring for
themselvesPrisons, ___, and poorhouses –
did not achieve their goals
They wanted to send Blacks back to Africa
Many felt America would be a better place without blacksLiberia – West Africa – few
thousands blacksDenied racial equality in
America
Anti-slavery movementPublished the Liberator
Founded the American Anti-Slavery Society
Spoke against American Colonization Society
Spoke for women to be able to speak at abolitionist meetings
Anti-slavery movement increased in the 1800’s
Religious leaders and women created this movement
Free blacks still treated as outcasts – racism
Movement Called?
Temperance Movement Social Reform
Horace MannCult of DomesticityAsylums
American Colonization SocietyWilliam Lloyd GarrisonAbolitionist Movement
Second Great Awakening
Women who supported anti-slavery movement
Started to speak about women’s rights
Lucretia Mott & Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Lucretia Mott & Elizabeth Cady Stanton and others met here to
form the first women’s rights meeting
Wrote Declaration of Sentiments
– 1848 – All men and women were created equal
Millennial Church of the United Society
Mother Ann Lee – feminine incarnation of Christ
Sexual equality / Minimized contact with the outside world
Literary and philosophical movement
Transcend the material world and obtain knowledge through a
oneness with the universe
Gained independence from Spain 1821
Republic of ___ included (Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, California,
Nevada, Utah and much of Colorado)
He attracted others to settle in TexasFriction developed between Mexican
government and settlersMany in Texas refused to free their
slavesSoon Mexico stopped further
immigration____ was arrested and jailed
1835 Texans revoltedSanta Anna sent troops to put
down the revolutionAlamo, Goliad, etc
Sam Houston defeated Santa Anna at San Jacinto River
Independence March 2, 1836
Religious sect founded in AmericaJoseph Smith was the founder
Established communities in Ohio and Missouri – 1837 / Persecuted
Brigham Young – 1,500 – established a colony near the Great Salt Lake
Polygamy practiced (more than one spouse)
Americans were willing to go to war over the ____Territory
1845-1846United States and England
avoided warPresident Polk let Congress decide on the agreement
(boundary)
Shakers Seneca Falls Declaration
TranscendentalismMexicoStephen F. Austin
Texas IndependenceMormonsOregon
Women’s Suffrage Movement
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