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The Comerica Economic Outlook
Two Stories, One Economy
Robert A. Dye Ph.D.
January 15, 2019
2
A Tale with Two Stories
Story #1 Most current economic indicators look good
Story #2 Risk factors for 2019 and beyond are piling up
Appendix: Household are a source of stability
3
Story #1 Most current economic indicators look good
Labor
Production
Income
Spending
Profits
Inflation
4
Story #2 Downside risk factors are piling up
Financial markets – stocks, bonds and the yield curve
Housing – sales, construction, mortgage rates and affordability
Rest of World – Europe and China looking cooler
Corporate profits – potential for a squeeze
Corporate debt market – quality is deteriorating
Length of expansion
Uncertainty – including political issues
Trade
Fiscal Cliff
Oil
5
Corporate Profits and Wages
0
1
2
3
4
5
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
'90 '95 '00 '05 '10 '15
Nonfinancial Corp Profits and Average Hourly Earnings
Source: BEA, BLS
Nonfinancial Corp Profits, pchya
Average Hourly Earnings, pchya
6
Back to Story #1, It’s All About Productivity
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
'60 '66 '72 '78 '84 '90 '96 '02 '08 '14
Output per worker per hour, Nonfarm businesses, pchya
Source: BLS
7
The Growing Labor Constraint
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
16,000
'02 '04 '06 '08 '10 '12 '14 '16 '18
Job Openings Now Outnumber Available Workers
Source: BLS
Job Openings, ths
Unemployed workers, ths
8
Business Investment Was Weak in 2018Q3
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
'15 '16 '17 '18
Real Business Fixed Investmeent, annpct
Total Structures Equipment Int Prop
Source: BEA
9
Business Confidence and Commercial/Industrial Loans
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
80
85
90
95
100
105
110
'00 '02 '04 '06 '08 '10 '12 '14 '16 '18
NFIB Bus. Confidence Index, C&I Loans pchya
Source: Federal Reserve, NFIB
NFIB Index (L)
C&I Loans, pchya (R)
10
GDP Forecast: Moderation Ahead
-9
-7
-5
-3
-1
1
3
5
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
U.S. Real GDP Growth, Annualized Percent Change
History Forecast
Sources: BEA, Comerica Bank
-0.1 -2.5 2.6 1.6 2.3 1.8 2.5 2.9 1.6 2.2 2.9 2.8
11
Job Growth Expected to Ease
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
-800
-600
-400
-200
0
200
400
'07 '08 '09 '10 '11 '12 '13 '14 '15 '16 '17 '18 '19
+312k in December, U. Rate 3.9 Percent
ForecastPayroll Employment, avg monthly diff, ths (L)
Unemployment Rate,
percent (R)
Sources: BLS, Comerica Bank
12
The U.S. Unemployment Rate, What We Don’t See
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
'60 '65 '70 '75 '80 '85 '90 '95 '00 '05 '10 '15
U3 Unemployment Rate, percent
Source: BLS
13
Interest Rate Outlook, Near Inversion
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
'08 '09 '10 '11 '12 '13 '14 '15 '16 '17 '18 '19 '20
Yield, percent
Fed Funds
10-Year Treasury Bond
Sources: Federal Reserve, Comerica Bank
30-Year FRM
2-Year Treasury Bond
14
Forecast Risks, the 360 View …The 360 Vi
Downside Risks
• Stock market correction
• Trade Wars
• Political meltdown
• Consumers lose confidence
• Higher interest rates
• Housing stalls
• Higher inflation
• Global issues, N. Korea, China, Japan,
Europe/Brexit, Russia, MENA,
Emerging markets
Upside Risks
• Fiscal policy
• Corporate profits
• Business investment
• Consumer/business confidence
• Wealth effects
• Deregulation, including financial
• Trade
• Job growth stays strong
• Second leg for autos
Michigan Index from October
Payrolls +
UI Claims +
House Starts +
House Prices +
Ind Electricity +
Auto Prod +
Total trade –
Hotel Occ +
Sales Tax Rev –
95
100
105
110
115
120
125
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Michigan Index Historical Values
Robert A. Dye, Chief Economist
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The opinions in this presentation are for general information only, are subject to change, and are not intended to provide specific
investment, legal, tax or other advice or recommendations. The information contained herein reflects the thoughts and opinions of the
noted authors only, and such information does not necessarily reflect the thoughts and opinions of Comerica or its management team.
We are not offering or soliciting any transaction based on this information. We suggest that you consult your attorney, accountant or tax
or financial advisor with regard to your situation. Although information has been obtained from sources we believe to be reliable, neither
the authors nor Comerica guarantee its accuracy, and such information may be incomplete or condensed. Neither the authors nor
Comerica shall be liable for any typographical errors or incorrect data obtained from reliable sources or factual information.
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