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THE BEGINNING OF THE “MODERN” WORLD
1. Questions from homework?A. Be able to locate the 5 continents, 4 major oceans, and the key
European and world countries. See unit packet maps. B. Identify the 5 themes of geography and how each can be seen in
this unit.2. Themes of Geography –10min (need to know key world locations – see world
map in unit docs)3. Share your completed graphic organizer about Religions with the other group
members 15min1. Compare content – discuss difference and similarities2. Complete graphic organizer so that all members understand the religion3. Questions? And review
4. Complete bottom of religion chart – wrap up 5. Preview of The Renaissance
A - Geography has an impact on history and its five themes help us understand historical and current eventsB - Challenges to the existing order come from radical new ideasC - Religion affects how different cultures interact, cooperate, conduct commerce and conflict with each other.
World Religions and Geography – day4Interactive Map
Unit Enduring Understandings
1. Geography themes of location, place, movement, human-environment interaction and region are useful tools for understanding history and current events.
2. A society’s values can be seen through their cultural and scientific achievements
3. Challenges to the social and political order frequently come from radical new ideas.
4. Technology, commerce, and religion cause cultures to interact, exchange and conflict with one another.
5. Every society has developed some political system by which either the one, the few, or the many rule over others.
Unit Essential Questions
1. How does geography affect people and societies?
2. How can ideas change the world? 3. What is globalization and when did it begin?4. What happens when different cultures
interact? Why do technology, commerce and religion have an impact on inter-cultural interactions?
5. What is the proper relationship between citizens and their government?
Africa
Asia
Oceania
EuropeNorth
America
South America
Antarctica
Indian Ocean
Atlantic Ocean
Pacific Ocean
Arctic Ocean
USA
UK
China
Russia
NigeriaBrazil
Mexico
Iran
Iraq
1 – Philadelphia2 – London3 – Beijing4 – Sydney5 – Pretoria6 – Mumbai7 - Lima
1
2
3
45
6India
7
What geography theme is represented on this map?How could we show the other themes?
RussiaUKMexicoIranBrazilNigeriaIraqChinaIndiaUSA1
2
3
45
6
7
1
2
3
4
Location
Geographers use latitude and longitude to pinpoint a place’s absolute, or exact, location.
To know the absolute location of a place is only part of the story. It is also important to know how that place is related to other places—in other words, to know that place’s relative location. Relative location deals with the interaction that occurs between and among places.
It refers to the many ways—by land, by water, even by technology—that places are connected.
Place
All places have characteristics that give them meaning and character and distinguish them from other places on earth. Geographers describe places by their physical and human characteristics.
Physical characteristics include such elements as animal life. Human characteristics of the landscape can be noted in architecture, patterns of livelihood, land use and ownership, town planning, and communication and transportation networks.
Languages, as well as religious and political ideologies, help shape the character of a place.
Studied together, the physical and human characteristics of places provide clues to help students understand the nature of places on the earth.
Religions of the World
Human/Environment Interaction
The environment means different things to different people, depending on their cultural backgrounds and technological resources.
In studying human/environment interaction, geographers look at all the effects—positive and negative—that occur when people interact with their surroundings.
Sometimes a human act, such as damming a river to prevent flooding or to provide irrigation, requires consideration of the potential consequences.
Movement
People interact with other people, places, and things almost every day of their lives.
They travel from one place to another; they communicate with each other; and they rely upon products, information, and ideas that come from beyond their immediate environment.
Beginning of the Modern World
“Modern” Globalization Phase of increasing
trade links and cultural exchange in 19th century
Columbian Exchange- widespread exchange of animal, plants, culture (slaves), communicable diseases and ideas between Eastern and Western hemispheres
Region
Region is an area on the earth’s surface that is defined by certain unifying characteristics.
The unifying characteristics may be physical, human, or cultural. In addition to studying the unifying characteristics of a region, geographers study how a region changes over times.
Using the theme of regions, geographers divide the world into manageable units for study.
Reg
ion
s of
Afr
ica
Beginning of Modern World
Europe
Religions of the World
World Religions: A Comparison
Buddhism
Name of Deity The Buddha did not teach a personal deity
Founder Siddhartha Gautama – called the Buddha (means The Enlightened One)
Holy Book No one book—sacred texts including the Perfection of Wisdom Sutra, Tripitaka, Mahayna Sutras
Leadership Buddhist monks and nuns
Basic Beliefs Persons achieve complete peace and happiness (nirvana) by eliminating material possessions;
Nirvana achieved by following the Noble Eightfold Path. Karma is the concept that good begets good
and bad begets bad.
World Religions: A Comparison
Christianity
Name of Deity God and Jesus Christ
Founder Jesus Christ and the Apostles
Holy Book Bible (Pentateuch, Prophets, Kings, and Apostles)
Leadership Clergy (priests, ministers, etc.)
Basic Beliefs There is only one God; Jesus Christ was the son of God. He died to save humanity from sin,
making eternal life possible for others; Persons achieve salvation by following teachings of Jesus
World Religions: A Comparison
Hinduism
Name of Deity Three main Gods: Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva
Founder No one founder
Holy Book No one book, sacred texts including the Vedas, the Puranas
Leadership Guru, Holy Man, Braham priest
Basic Beliefs The soul never dies but is continually reborn; Persons achieve happiness after freeing
themselves of earthly desires, Freedom from earthly desires comes from lifetime of worship,
knowledge, and virtuous acts.
World Religions: A Comparison
Islam
Name of Deity God (Allah)
Founder Muhammad
Holy Book Qur’an
Leadership Sunni and Shi’i have different clergy. Imams, mullahs, Caliphs, ayatollahs, hojjat al-islam –
collectively called the Ulama
Basic Beliefs Persons achieve salvation by following the Five Pillars of Islam and living a just life. These
pillars are faith, almsgiving, fasting (Ramadan), pilgrimage to Mecca, and prayer,
Difference between Islam and Muslim…
Islam is the religion and Muslims are people who understand, believe, and practice Islam properly, i.e. according to the text.
Islam is to Christianity what Muslims are to Christians.
World Religions: A Comparison
Judaism
Name of Deity God (Yahweh)
Founder Abraham
Holy Book Hebrew Bible (including the Torah)
Leadership Rabbis
Basic Beliefs There is only one God; God loves and protects his people but also holds people accountable for their sins and
shortcomings; Persons serve God by studying the Torah and living by its teachings; major holidays – Rosh
Hashana, Yom Kippur, Passover and Shabbat
World Religions: A Comparison
Hinduism
Name of Deity Three main Gods: Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva
Founder No one founder
Holy Book No one book, sacred texts including the Vedas, the Puranas
Leadership Guru, Holy Man, Braham priest
Basic Beliefs The soul never dies but is continually reborn; Persons achieve happiness after freeing
themselves of earthly desires, Freedom from earthly desires comes from lifetime of worship,
knowledge, and virtuous acts.
World Religions: A Comparison
Confucianism
Name of Deity No real deity, per se, but a sense that there are gods and spirits in Heaven
Founder Confucius (Kung Fu Tzu)
Holy Book The Analects of Confucius
Leadership State leaders and recognized teachers
Basic Beliefs To create a harmonius society, a person should live a life of virtue here on earth by following a set of ethical guidelines focused on how to relate to other people.
Essentially, treat people the way you want to be treated, honor your parents, those above you and respect those
below, also honor the ancestors
Religions of the World
Religion review
1. Name 3 monotheistic religions
2. Which religion(s) have multiple holy texts? Name the texts
3. Which religion(s) have no identified founder?
4. Which religion(s) believe in Karma?
5. Which religion(s) have a belief in heaven?
6. Which religion(s) focus primarily on living a virtuous life to create a harmonious society?
Religion review
1. Name 3 monotheistic religions1. Judaism, Christianity, Islam
2. Which religion(s) have multiple holy texts? Name the texts1. Hinduism – Puranas, Vedas, Buddhism - sutras
3. Which religion(s) has no identified founder?1. Hinduism
4. Which religion(s) believe in Karma?1. Buddhism
5. Which religion(s) believe in heaven1. Islam, Christianity, to some extent Judaism depending on interpretation
6. Which religion(s) focus primarily on living a virtuous life to create a harmonious society?
1. Confucianism
The Renaissance 1300-1600
THE RENAISSANCE
Short-Term
Historical Centers
Urban centers
Merchants
Secular Writings
Plague
Failing Dark Age Institutions
Church failures
CAUSES
Long-Term
Individuals can be great (FAME)
Focus on SECULAR ideas, not religious
Information for everyone, not just elite
HUMANISM
REVOLUTIONARY IDEAS
People
Leonardo da Vinci
Medici family
Machiavelli
Castiglione
Michelangelo
1434: Medicis take control in Florence
1455: Gutenberg Bible published
1513: Prince published
IMPORTANT…
Dates/Events
Writing to be famous How to govern, behave Machiavelli – first political
scientist Famous Quotes:
“The end justifies the means.”
It is “much safer to be feared than loved”’.
“A ruler must be both a lion and a fox.”
B. New Writing
Political/Social/
Economic Changes
Humanism
Growing merchant class
Questioning importance of religion in gov’t
The Prince/The Courtier
The Last Supper
David
Perspective, realism
Printing press
IMPORTANT…
Literature/Art/Music
Short-Term
Greater availability of books
Changes in art/writing styles
Published laws, maps, social codes, BIBLES
Widespread information means
Attempts to reform society change views on how life should be lived
People begin to question political structures/ religious practices
RESULTS
Long-Term
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