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Thales Avionics Limited 2010
ESA ANTARES CA UT StudyWill Birkinshaw27 May 2010
Thales Avionics Limited 2010 ESA ANTARES CA UT Study2
Introduction
Design aims Certification and installation time line Performance targets UT Block Diagram Installation constraints Antenna installation configuration DLNA/HPA/Modem configuration options Prototype development
Thales Avionics Limited 2010 ESA ANTARES CA UT Study3
Design Aims
Able to carry COCR traffic in parallel with L-DACS Must work as well as or better than VHF
Must be available during aircraft manoeuvres Holding stacks etc.
Must be available when satellite elevation is low Northern Trans-Atlantic routes Northern Europe
CA UT to be certified to DAL level C UT to be capable of being an HF replacement
Must work as well as or better than HF Must be capable of operation in a dual redundant system
Thales Avionics Limited 2010 ESA ANTARES CA UT Study4
Certification and Installation time line
System development phases and indicative time to key milestones
~20 years
Time lines from previous Avionics Systems Certifications:-Early Trials 1952, TCAS programme launched 1981, mandatory in USA 1993.ADS-B RTCA DO242 specification 2002, mandatory 2020L Band Satcom System Definition Manual ~1987, TSO-C132 2004 (non-mandatory system),
Standardisation
Technology Evaluation
Infrastructure Certification
Avionics deployment
Selection of Future System
Airworthiness certification of first operational aircraft
System full operational capability
Deadline for mandatory fit
Fixed and space infrastructure implementation
Includes UT and fixed system evaluation
Generic and Satellite System specific standards
Thales Avionics Limited 2010 ESA ANTARES CA UT Study5
UT Performance targets
The ideal target is to achieve full spherical coverage from the airframe whilst maintaining the following parameters:-
Achieve the defined EIRP (nominally 0dBic)Achieve the defined G/T Ability for fitment to all commercial airframesEquipment certified to DAL level CSome compromise from this ideal coverage target will be required if the UT is to be acceptable to airframe manufactures and from a cost and reliability viewpoint. Compromise options include:-Reduction in the acceptable coverage of the UT at the defined EIRP and G/T levels.Reduction in the EIRP and G/T requirements.
Thales Avionics Limited 2010 ESA ANTARES CA UT Study6
UT Block Diagram
Antenna 1
DLNA
HPA
RF TX RF RX
MUX/DEMUX
Modem/AvionicsProcessing
Basic functional blocks of the UT showing a possible antenna switching option.
Locations on an airframe
Outside the fuselage
Cabin area/crown area
Cockpit/EEbay
Antenna 2(Optional)
DLNA
switch
Switch or mixerVery close to antenna
Thales Avionics Limited 2010 ESA ANTARES CA UT Study7
Installation constraints
Airframe imposed limitations Minimise the number of antennas required. Minimise the antenna height and profile. Maintain minimum distance from other antenna installations Comply with certification requirements Airframe specific location limitations
Availability of adequate space adjacent to antenna inside the airframe Antenna location must not infringe non-ionising radiation limits UT should not require the external forced cooling air
System imposed limitations System EIRP and modulation scheme dictates the heat required to be
dissipated from LRUs. Other constraints
Interchangeability and standardisation of LRUs and interfaces
Thales Avionics Limited 2010 ESA ANTARES CA UT Study8
Antenna installation configuration #1
The preferred individual antenna option is a Low Gain fix beam antenna.(Nominal gain 0dBic).
Advantages:- Simplicity, small size and weight, low cost, high reliability, low stress on airframe.
Disadvantages:- low gain hence low radiated RF power levels if HPA power not increased to compensate
Antenna system options:-Single antenna Advantages:- minimal effect on airframe, low cost, suited to small airframes. Disadvantages:- No antenna redundancy, restricted system availability.
Dual antenna Advantages:- Can offer dual redundancy or can be used to improve coverage. Disadvantages:- cannot offer acceptable coverage and dual redundancy simultaneously.
Higher cost than single antenna. More difficult to fit on smaller airframes.
Multiple antennas (4) Advantages:- offers improved coverage and dual redundancy. Disadvantages:- Higher cost, more difficult installation and more significant impact on
airframe design.
Thales Avionics Limited 2010 ESA ANTARES CA UT Study9
Antenna installation configuration #2
A380
CRJ200
AVRO RJ
Falcon 100
A320
13m80m
Aircraft simulation models
Thales Avionics Limited 2010 ESA ANTARES CA UT Study10
Antenna installation configuration #3
AVRO RJ Fuselage top front
Single antenna coverageHigher gain towards red
Thales Avionics Limited 2010 ESA ANTARES CA UT Study11
Antenna installation configuration #4
AVRO RJ Fuselage top rear
Single antenna coverageHigher gain towards red
Thales Avionics Limited 2010 ESA ANTARES CA UT Study12
Antenna installation configuration # 5
CRJ Fuselage top middle
Single antenna coverageHigher gain towards red
Thales Avionics Limited 2010 ESA ANTARES CA UT Study13
Antenna installation configuration # 6
CRJ Fuselage top rear
Single antenna coverageHigher gain towards red
Thales Avionics Limited 2010 ESA ANTARES CA UT Study14
Antenna installation configuration # 7
A320 Fuselage top front
Single antenna coverageHigher gain towards red
Thales Avionics Limited 2010 ESA ANTARES CA UT Study15
Antenna installation configuration # 8
A320 Fuselage top middle
Single antenna coverageHigher gain towards red
Thales Avionics Limited 2010 ESA ANTARES CA UT Study16
Antenna installation configuration #10
A320 Fuselage top front fuselage side
Single antenna coverageHigher gain towards red
Thales Avionics Limited 2010 ESA ANTARES CA UT Study17
DLNA/HPA/Modem configuration options
Considerations:- RF loss to antenna(s) Amount of heat to be dissipated Space available – limits physical size of modules Adequate air flow in proposed locations Number of antennas to be supported.
Thales Avionics Limited 2010 ESA ANTARES CA UT Study18
DLNA/HPA/Modem configuration options
AIRCRAFTDATA
INTERFACES
AIRCRAFTDATA
INTERFACES
Modems located in Avionics Bay
One potential 2 antenna configuration option
MODEMAND
AVIONICSPROCESSOR
DUC_TX
DDC_RX
MUX/DEMUXHigh Speed
Serial Interface
RF_RX ADC
ANTENNA 1
DLNA
HPA RF_TX
RF_RX
DAC
ADCMUX/DEMUXHigh Speed
Serial Interface
ANTENNA 2
MODEMAND
AVIONICSPROCESSOR
DUC_TX
DDC_RX
MUX/DEMUXHigh Speed
Serial Interface
High Speed Serial InterfacePotentially Fibre Optic ring network
preventing single point failure.
Redundant Backup System
RF_RX ADCDLNA
HPA RF_TX
RF_RX
DAC
ADCMUX/DEMUXHigh Speed
Serial Interface
Thales Avionics Limited 2010 ESA ANTARES CA UT Study19
Prototype development in Phase B
Antares UT prototype hardware to be built in modular form to facilitate construction and testing.
Prototype HPA, RF modules and modem will be produced . The prototypes will be developed to demonstrate operation of
the system physical layer and will communicate with the Verification Test Bench.
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