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Textile applications for medical and hygienic
dosage
MOL-9906 Intelligent Textiles and Smart Garments
07.10.2011Cigdem AKDUMAN
Cigdem.akduman@ege.edu.tr
LOGO
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Contents
INTRODUCTION1
MEDICAL AND HYGIENIC DOSAGE2ACTIVE AGENTS AND APPLICATION METHODS3
ANTIMICROBIAL FIBERS AND TEXTILES4
6
5 SLOW RELEASE SYSTEMS
CONCLUSIONS
LOGO
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MEDICAL AND HYGIENIC DOSAGE
“Medical and Hygienic dosage” covers medical or hygienic active agents released or transferred at any time.
active agents can be integrated into textile structures and products by some application also textile structures or fibers can be
produced with these agents
LOGOMEDICAL AND HYGIENIC DOSAGE
Considering medical and hygienic dosage most important application is antimicrobial applications.
All kind of socks, Bandages, wound care items, Bedding; pillow cases or bed linens, Sportswear, Underwear, Filtration, Outdoor equipment, Towels, bathrobes,
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Workwear, Carpets, Nursery products Baby wearShirts
LOGOBeside Antimicrobials;
Moisture management systems are complementary systems for antimicrobial application.
anti-allergens anti-insects anti-static applications scent microencapsulation technology
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LOGO
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ACTIVE AGENTS AND APPLICATION METHODS
Synthetic compounds; quaternary ammonium compounds, N-halamines, polybiguanides, triclosan, nanoparticles of noble metals and metal oxides
Considering the antimicrobial agentschemical structures
Natural compoundsbioactive plant-
based products
LOGO
leaching
Biocides Biostats
controlled-releasebound antimicrobials
Antimicrobials
barrier- forming agents
Poor Washing resistance
good washing resistance
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According to their mechanism of antimicrobial activity, toxicity, durability and ecological acceptability, these agents can be divided into
ACTIVE AGENTS AND APPLICATION METHODS
LOGOStructures of Antimicrobial Agents
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Biocide Fibre MICToxicity
Fibre interaction andside-effects
Silver
PolyesterPolyamide
WoolRegenerated
cellulose
0,05-0,1 mg/LAgainst E.coli
Little tonontoxic
Slow Release;durable but Ag can
be depleted
QACs
CottonPolyester
PolyamideWool
10-100 mg/LAgainst Gram-positive
and Gram-negativebacteria
Moderate to
highly toxic
Covalent bonding;very durable:
possible bacterial resistance
PHMB(Vantocil)
CottonPolyester
Polyamide
0,5-10 mg/L against Gram-positive
and Gram-negativebacteria
Moderate acute aquatic
toxicity
Large amount needed; potential bacterial
resistance
Triclosan
PolyesterPolyamide
Cellulose acetateAcrylic fibre
Less than 10 mg/LAgainst Gram-positive
and Gram-negativebacteria
Breaks down
into toxic
Large amount needed; potential bacterial
resistance
N-Halamines
CottonPolyester
PolyamideWool
NaModerate
tohighly toxic
Needs regeneration odour from residual
chlorine
Synthetic compounds
LOGOMetals and Metal Salts
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Copper, zinc and cobalt, are also effective antimicrobial agents for textiles, silver ions and its compounds are the most widely used in textiles.
Silver metal alone, silver acetate, silver nitrate, and silver protein all have antimicrobial effect
LOGO Silver sulfadiazine
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The antimicrobial effect may be summarized by below mechanism of silverions on textile surfaces;
Stopping the oxygen supply by blocking oxygen-transporting enzymes
Stopping the multiplication of bacteria by inactivating sulphur-containingbacterial proteins
Stopping the nutrient supply by blockingthe cell membrane
LOGOQuaternary Ammonium Compounds;
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Quaternary ammonium compounds are membrane-active agents. These compounds carry a positive charge at the N atom in solution and cause microorganism cell membrane damages, interruption of protein activity and destruction of the cell structure
LOGOPolybiguanides PHMB
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most important antimicrobial agents among Polybiguanides is poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) PHMB
Reputex 20® is a special grade PHMB developed by Arch Chemicals for textile treatments
These days it can be applied to polyester and nylon as well, under the trade name Purista®
LOGORegenerable N-halamine and Peroxyacid
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N-halamines are heterocyclic organic compounds containing one or two covalent bonds formed between nitrogen and a halogen (N–X), in which the latter is usually chlorine
N-halamine compounds’ antimicrobial properties are based on the electrophilic substitution of Cl in the N-Cl bond with H.
LOGOHalogenated Phenols (Triclosan)
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Among halogenated phenols, triclosan is the most widely used biocide; it is present in many contemporary consumer and personal health-care products, detergents and household objects, including textiles and plastics.
Chemical structure of triclosan
LOGO
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Natural compounds
Chitosan
Sericin
Aloe vera
Neem
LOGONatural compounds
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ChitosanChitosan is a deacetylated derivate of chitin, non toxic, resistant to microorganisms, biodegradable and biocompatible.
LOGONatural compounds
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SericinIt is a biomolecule of great value since it has antibacterial properties, UV resistance, resists oxidation and has hydrating properties
NeemThe extract of neem has been used in pesticide formulations that due to their pesticide repellent properties have the potential to inhibit the growth of Gram-positive and Gram-negative
LOGONatural compounds
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Aloe veraIt is a natural plant gives aloe gel, which has antimicrobial activity against various microbes Aloe vera also has antibacterial and
antifungal properties that can be exploited in applications for medical textiles such as bandages, sutures, bioactive textiles, etc.
LOGO
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Natural compounds
Eucalyptus oil has cleaning properties, Prickly chaff flower (Achysanthus aspera) is a herbs, Clove oil (eugenol) is the main product of Syzygium aromaticum and they all present antimicrobial activity. But their applications in textile substrates are still being explored
LOGOANTIMICROBIAL FIBERS AND TEXTILES
Silver has been directly absorbed into pre-formed SeaCell® Active, is a lyocell fiber made of cellulose from certain seaweeds with a large capacity for absorbing mineral
Sauquoit Industries, Inc is producing a silver coated nylon fibre called X-Static
Coolmax® freshFX™.is produced by ADVANSA by incorporating a silver-based additive to Coolmax®
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LOGOANTIMICROBIAL FIBERS AND TEXTILES
An antibacterial polyester fiber that incorporates an inorganic bioactive additive to flame retardant Trevira fibers called Trevira CS Bioactive fiber
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LOGOANTIMICROBIAL FIBERS AND TEXTILES
Thomson Research Associates manufactures Ultra-Fresh® and Silpure® products
CrabyonR is a development of a composite fibre of chitosan and viscose with durable antimicrobial activity from natural resources
Milliken has developed a silver-based antimicrobial agent, AlphaSan®, which is a zirconium phosphate-based ceramic ion-exchange resin containing silver and is added during the extrusion process of synthetic fibers
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LOGOSLOW RELEASE SYSTEMS
Slow release systems are cyclodextrins, aza-crown ethers or fullerenes, as well as onexchange fibres, drug-loaded hollow fibres, textiles treated with nanoparticles and fibres with bioactive compounds
Most important point is that the delivery systems are mainly discussed in terms of features such as biocompatibility and controllability
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LOGOCONCLUSIONS
In case of antimicrobial agents they should be effective against a broad spectrum of bacterial and fungal species
Medical and hygiene agents should have low toxicity to consumers, e.g. not cause toxicity, allergy or irritation to the user
Should be durable to laundering, dry cleaning and hot pressing
LOGOCONCLUSIONS
The finishing should not negatively affect the quality (e.g.
physical strength and handle) or appearance of the textile, they should be applied easily
should preferably be compatible with textile chemical processes such as dyeing, be cost effective and environmental friendly, during their production stage they should not produce harmful substances to manufacturer
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