View
218
Download
0
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
Production locations
· Backer Calesco main office and
production in SWEDEN
· Production facility in POLAND
· Production facility in CHINA
· Sales office/warehouse in the US
WE MAKE IT HAPPEN
Heating solutions
Backer Calesco has the experience,
knowledge and capabilities to help
you develop and manufacture heating
solutions for all type of applications.
A thin flexible foil heater provides ex-
cellent heating efficiency in the area
where you need it most.
Our heating products together with
our measurement and control de-
vices offer our customers complete
solutions. Our engineers will not only
suggest solutions they can also take
part and contribute to your product
development by using our advanced
technical tools and lab facilities.
Our extensive experience and compe-
tence as well as our reliable quality
and service guarantees your success.
Our ambition is to not only be a sup-
plier, but your preferred partner.
THERMOSTAT · RESISTANCE CONTROLLED · NTC · PTC · PT100/PT1000 · THERMOCOUPLE
QUALITY ASSURANCE
Calesco is certified
According to SS-EN ISO 14001:2004 and
ISO 9001-2008 by INTERTEK
Our facility in China & Poland is certified
According to ISO 14001, ISO 9001 and
ISO-TS 16949
Third part approvals
VDE / ETL / S / UL / FDA /TüV
MEMBER OF BACKER-GROUP
BACKER CALESCO is a part of Backer group,
within NIBE Industrier. NIBE Industrier is an
international heating technology company
whose business operations are organised in
three separate business areas: NIBE Energy
Systems, NIBE Element and NIBE Stoves.
The Group has more than 10,000 employ-
ees and operates in 20 countries in Europe,
North America, Australia and Asia. The legal
structure of the Group comprises a number
of subsidiaries, who run their own operations
via their own companies or branch offices.
NIBE is listed on the NASDAQ OMX Stockholm
Exchange, Large Cap list, with a secondary
listing on the SIX Swiss Exchange.
TEMPERATURE CONTROL OUR SERVICES
Control and engergy balance
Flexible foil heaters provide excellent
thermal transfer where you need it most.
Heaters are used in thermal control design
to protect components under cold-case
environmental conditions or to make up
for heat that is not dissipated. It is usually
necessary to arrange some form of control
to ensure that the desired temperature
is maintained. Heaters are used with
thermostats, PTC, PT100/PT1000 sen-
sors, thermocouples, solid-state or digital
controllers to provide exact temperature
control of a particular component
Integrated control/smart heater
The demands for smart simple solutions
creates new applications and we can offer
solutions with integrated thermal control-
lers and sensors communicating through
RS232, WiFi or Zigbee.
R&D
· Broad product portfolio
· Product validation test laboratory
· Watt density requirements
· Material selection
· Physical design and optimization
Integration
· Heaters
· Temperature sensors
· Flex circuits
· Components
· Heat sinks
Assembly and Production
· One stop shop
· Heater forming - performance & physical
· Small series to Mass production
· Full service
Typical types of temperature control
Thermostat
Resistance controlled
NTC
PTC
PT100/PT1000
Thermocouple
Overheat protection
THERMOSTAT · RESISTANCE CONTROLLED · NTC · PTC · PT100/PT1000 · THERMOCOUPLE
TO GENERATE HEAT
Conduction
· Heat transfer by direct contact to substrate
Convection
· Heat transfer by convection, generally in air,
fluid or gas and can be forced (heat pumps or
natural convection in ex air)
Radiation
· Energy transfer of to or from a body by emis-
sion or absorption of electromagnetic radiation
Material At 25°C At 225°C
Iron 80 60
Low carbon steel 54 47
Stainless steel 16 19
Tungsten 180 150
Platinum 70 72
At 125°C
68
51
17,5
160
71
Aluminium 250 250255
Thermal conductivity (W/m°C)
Gold 310 310312
Silver 420 415418
Copper 401 398400
Thermal Conductivity
To maintain a desired temperature level heat has to be provided and suitable heat
storage capability. Thermal conductivity is the property of a material to conduct
heat. Thermal conductivity units are W/(m K) in the SI system and Btu/(hr ft °F) in
the Imperial system.
RESISTANCE CONTROLLEDOperating tables / Fluid heaters
THERMOSTATSilicone heaters / Water trough heaters / food heaters
Thermostat is an example of a closed control loop.
This can be achieved with electromechanical ther-
mostats of bimetallic type where temperature and
surface ratings are low, while electronic thermostats
are preferred where temperatures and surface loads
are high. It constantly assesses the current room
temperature and controls a heater to increase or
decrease the temperature according to user-defined
settings.This method is called Proportional control.
Thermostat (low-cost, cheap) thermostat mere-
ly switches the heater on or off, and temporary
overshoot and undershoot of the desired average
temperature. Thermostat (expensive) the difference
between the required temperature (the “set point”)
and the actual temperature. These minimize over/
undershoot.
Note
· Limited number of cycles
Benefits
· Low cost
· Proven technology
Resistance controlled temperature controller, this
is one of the most accurate ways to measure and
control temperature. No moving parts, semiconduc-
tors or thermistors to measure temperature. The
resistance of the heater is dependence on tempera-
ture. This means we are using the heater as a temp
sensor to detect temperature change exposure.
Ω -
Change
C 0 100 200 300 400 500
SS321
cu
Temperature change
Benefits
· The heater is the sensor,
no added parts on the heat-
er surface open exposure
· Robust and exact
· Quick and easy to regulate
· Cu, Brass or Al circuit
· Known technology
· Constant wattage long life
PTCRear-view mirror heaters / Heart starter heaters / Battery heaters
NTCMeteorology heaters / Camera heaters / AdBlue®
Negative temperature coefficient (NTC) De-
creases in electrical resistance when their
temperature is raised. Negative tempera-
ture coefficient (NTC) thermistor is a two
terminal solid state electronic component
with predictable change in resistance
corresponding to changes in absolute body
temperature.
Thermistor Terminology:
Thermistors exhibit a large negative
change in resistance with respect to
temperature, this relationship between
resistance and temperature follows an
approximately exponential-type curve.
Benefits
· Surface mounted integrated
in circuitry
· Exact measurement on spot or
on surface if mounted right
· Known technology
· Constant wattage long life
Negative temperature coefficient (NTC) Decreases in
electrical resistance when their Positive temperature
coefficient (PTC)
Increases in electrical resistance when their temper-
ature is raised. Materials which have useful engi-
neering applications usually show a relatively rapid
increase with temperature, i.e. a higher coefficient.
The higher the coefficient, the greater an increase in
electrical resistance for a given temperature increase.
Note
· Aging over time, shorter
lifetime
Benefits
· Self regulating
· Max. power density
0,25W/sqcm²
· No added parts
PT100/PT1000Packaging machines / Autoclaves / Process heating tables
Negative temperature coefficient (NTC)
Resistance thermometers are constructed
in a number of forms and offer greater
stability, accuracy and repeatability in
some cases than thermocouples.
Limitations
RTDs in industrial applications are rarely
used above 660 °C.
Benefits
· High accuracy
· Low drift
· Wide operating range
· Suitability for precision
applications
Thermocouples are a widely used type of temperature
sensor for measurement and control. Commercial ther-
mocouples are inexpensive, interchangeable, are supplied
with standard connectors, and can measure a wide range
of temperatures. In contrast to most other methods of
temperature measurement, thermocouples are self-pow-
ered and require no external form of excitation.
The main limitation with thermocouples is accuracy;
system errors of less than one degree Celsius (°C) can be
difficult to achieve.
Type K (chromel – alumel) is the most common thermo-
couple. Probes are available in its −200 °C to +1350 °C.
Type K is made of magnetic material, and have 2 critical
temperature s around 185 °C and near 400 °C.
THERMOCOUPLESMolding tools / Vacuum table heaters
OTHER TYPES
Overheat protection
Low resistance resistor that acts as a sacrificial device to provide overcur-
rent protection, of either the load or source circuit. Its essential component is a
metal wire or strip that melts when too much curent flows through it, interrupt-
ing the circuit that it connects. Short circuits, overloading, mismatched loads, or
device failure are the prime reasons for excessive current.
Melt fuse
A fuse interrupts excessive current (“blows”) so that further damage by over-
heating or fire is prevented. Overcurrent protection devices are essential in
electrical systems to limit threats to human life and property damage. The time
and current operating characteristics of fuses are chosen to provide adequate
protection without needless interruption. Slow blow fuses are designed to allow
harmless short term currents over their rating while still interrupting a sus-
tained overload.
Overheat thermostat
Bimetal thermal protector is an overheating protection device for electric appli-
ances and they are reusable parts that are reset when equipment cools. If the
fault still exists, the protectors continue to automatically protect the equipment.
All systems need limitations and control to guarantee precise heat
SOFTWARE PROTOCOLS
Can Bus
CAN bus (controller area network) is a
vehicle bus standard designed to allow
microcontrollers and devices to commu-
nicate with each other in applications
without a host computer. It is a mes-
sage-based protocol, designed originally
for automotive applications, but is also
used in many other contexts.
OBD
OBD (On-board diagnostics ) Automotive
term referring to a vehicle’s self-diag-
nostic and reporting capability. Modern
OBD implementations use a standardized
digital communications port to provide
real-time data in addition to a standard-
ized series of diagnostic trouble codes,
or DTCs.
Bluetooth
Wireless technology standard for ex-
changing data over short distances (2.4
to 2.485 GHz) from fixed and mobile
devices. Originally invented as a wire-
less alternative to RS-232 data cables. It
can connect several devices, overcoming
problems of synchronization.
Wi-Fi
Local area wireless technology that
allows an electronic device to partic-
ipate in computer networking using
2.4 GHz UHF and 5 GHz SHF ISM radio
bands.
LIN (Local Interconnect Network)
Serial network protocol used for commu-
nication between components in vehicles.
RS232
Standard for serial communication trans-
mission of data via a serial port.
RS485
Digital communications networks im-
plementing the EIA-485 standard can
be used effectively over long distances
and in electrically noisy environments.
Enables local networks and multidrop
communications links. It offers data trans-
mission speeds of 35 Mbit/s up to 10 m
and 100 kbit/s at 1200 m.
KNX
KNX defines several physical communica-
tion media:
Twisted pair wiring (inherited from
the BatiBUS and EIB Instabus standards)
Powerline networking (inherited from EIB
and EHS - similar to that used by X10)
Radio (KNX-RF) Infrared Ethernet (also
known as EIBnet/IP or KNXnet/IP).
THERMAL MANAGEMENTExamples temperature requirements
Batteries
· Typically between -5 to 20˚C
Propulsion components
· Typically between 5 to 40˚C
Cameras
· Typically between -30 to 40˚C
Electrical cabinets
· Typically between -20 to 40˚C
Autoclaves
· Typically between 50 to 250˚C
Automotive
· Typically between -40 to 80˚C
MOUNTING OF HEATER
Overmolded
· Encapsulated in camera encapsulation or at substrate wall
· No air bubbles
· Long life time
· Robust
· No open parts exposed to environment
Supported (envelope)
· Heater encapsulated in metal to withstand environment
and stress from ice, moisture etc.
· No parts open to environment
· Mechanically strong
Heater in housing
· Heats where it’s needed
· Laminated by adhesive or glue to inside of wall
CONCERNS | TO BE CONSIDERED
Application environment
· Clean air
· Moisture
· Environmental exposure
· Surrounding temperatures
· Vibration levels
Life time of heater
· Expected life time
Performance requirements
· Max. voltage
· Min/max. temp / Regulation
· Time allowed to use
· Temperature Over-Temp Response (time/temp)
· Reaction time temp regulation
Installation/Mounting
· Connector
· Cables vs flex tail
· Fasteners vs. Integrated
· Space Available
· Surrounding Materials
· Overheat Thermostat/ Melt fuse
Recommended