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8/22/2019 TELEMATICS A PERSPECTIVE 29.1.10 2003
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TELEMATICS A PERSPECTIVE
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OVERVIEW
Telematics - An application in
India.
Bio Telematics Advances inunderwater techniques.
Telemedicine an application ofbio telematics.
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Telematics ( Telemetry)
The integrated use oftelecommunications andinformatics, also known as ICT (Informationand Communication Technology). The science
of sending, receiving and storing information viatelecommunication devices.
GPS technology is integrated with computers
and mobile communications technology inAutomotive navigation systems.
vehicle telematics.
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Disaster Management &
Flood ControlAn Initiativeby Pune Municipal Corporation
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History of Floods in Pune
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Highest flood record
3211cumecs
Panshet Dam Failure (1961)
Discharge in Cumecs
Years
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Each hour
Khadakwasla Dam flowsabove 45000 cusec
Water level of Mulshi dam startincreasing above 1980 ft
Irrigation DepartmentMulshi-
Collector office
Public Relation officer
Flood control Department
Pune MunicipalCorporation Authority
NGO, Social servicesOrganisation etcMedia (hourly updates)
Municipal Commissioner and
Police Commissioner work on
next action plan
Take Action
PMT, Road Traffic,health dept etc
MunicipalRegional Offices
Organisational Structure for Disaster Management
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Regional Offices
Officer
Identify rehabilitation
places
Availability of rooms,water supplyand electricity
Co ordination with NGOs,helping groups etc
Provide Food, sanitation,medicines, drinking water
Enumeration ofrehabilitated people
Role Played by Regional Offices
At present 39 RehabCentres are available
Organisational Structure ..contd
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PMC Departments working
towards Flood Management
Fire Brigade Authority
River Improvement and Garden Superintendent Department
Pune Maha Nagarpalika Parivahan Mahamandal Ltd
Health Department
Vehicle Department
Public Relation Department
Education Department
Electricity Department
Irrigation Department
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Salient Features
1. Installation of Remote Rain Gauging, level gauging andtelemetry system for early warning to control peakdischarge from Khadakwasla to within 50,000 Cusecsduring the rainy season
2. Prevent encroachment of the river and streams bydeclaration of Biodiversity Restoration Zones along thebanks
3. Use of Gabions/Reno Mattresses on river banks for
stabilisation and allow percolation of water
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Comprehensive Non Structural Flood Management System
The proposed system can be divided into three important sub
systems viz.
Telemetry System
Management Information System
Decision Support System
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Telemetry System gathers hydrological and meteorologicaldata such as
Rain fall data from rain-gauge stations in the catchment
Water level data from river gauge stations
Reservoir level data from level sensors installed at the
reservoirs
Data is gathered without any human intervention
Collected data is then presented to the Management InformationSystem and the Decision Support System
Based on the received data and the pre-fed
conditions/parameters/rules the system computes information
required for controlling discharge of water
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Biotelemetry
Biotelemetry (or Medical Telemetry) involvesthe application oftelemetryin the medical fieldto remotely monitor variousvital signs of
ambulatory patients.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telemetryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vital_signshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vital_signshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telemetry8/22/2019 TELEMATICS A PERSPECTIVE 29.1.10 2003
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Bio Telemetry System
A typical biotelemetry system comprises:
Sensors appropriate for the particular signals tobe monitored
Battery-powered, Patient worn transmitters
A Radio Antenna and Receiver
A display unit capable of concurrentlypresenting information from multiple patients
Animal tracking
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Advances in UnderwaterBiotelemetry
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Animal Tracking
Monitor locations,behavior, physiology of
aquatic animals Involves attaching to
aquatic organism a device
that relays biologicalinformation
Relayed via radio signals
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Monitors animals not visible
Collect data with minimal disturbance
Means to solve biological problems
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Devices
Transmitter-device attached emits signal
Transponder-returns a signal in response
Active Passive
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Transmitter
Electronic oscillator circuitproduces signal
Measure of frequency is hertz
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Telemetry Systems
Origin in late 1950's Modified to work
underwater in the 1960's
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Features Common to Ultrasonic
and Radio SystemsTransmitter signals
Continuous wave or pulsing
signal Continuous more easily
detected and recorded
Pulsing signals use less energyand increase transmitter life
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Encapsulated (for compactness) with
Epoxy
Wax
Urethane
Silicone
Dental acrylic
Transmitter encapsulation
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Done by
pouring material over
components dipping component into
material
Density should besimilar to water
Transmitter encapsulation (cont.)
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Batteries
Choice is critical (size)
Largely determined by battery energy per unitvolume/weight
Other considerations include cost, shelf life and
availability
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Five types of
batteries are used
Lithium
Highest voltage/unit weight and
volume Excellent low temperature
performance
Good high temperature
performance
Long shelf life
Good efficiency
Low cost
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Mercury oxide
Possible health hazard
Silver oxide
Alkaline
Rechargeable nickel-cadmium
Five types of batteries
are used (cont.)
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Receivers
Filters input signals, amplifies, andconverts to usable form
Must have good sensitivity Must have narrow frequency
Portable receiver should
have rechargeable batteries Should have water proof
switches and be moisture
resistant
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Advantages/disadvantages of
Ultrasonic & Radio Systems
With respect to characteristics
Depth
Water conductivity
Current speed
Habitat size
Plant densitiesTemperature gradients
45-100 ft.
high
3mph
300 square mi.
50 - 85
low
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Ultrasonic telemetry
Macrophytes
Algae
Thermoclines
Water turbulence
Rain drops and boat motors
Salt and fresh with high conductivity
Deep water
Adversely affected by (reduce signal
range)
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Radiotelemetry
Shallow water
Low conductivity fresh water
Turbulent water
Can be used for large areas
Can be used from shore Cannot be used in salt water
Deflected by objects
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Coded and sensing transmitters
Provide information on
Animals identity
Physiological variables
Behavior
Environment
Often used to identify taggedindividuals
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Methods of attaching transmitters
Depends on
Morphology and
behavior of species Nature of aquatic
ecosystem
Objectives ofproject
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External Transmitters
Easier and quicker thansurgical implantation
Used for fish spawning andfeeding
Necessary for sensing
environmental factors Increase drag on swimming
organisms
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Widest application
Attaches transmitteralongside dorsal fin
Surgical needle can beused
Neoprene placed betwee
fish and plateAttach radio transmitter
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Stomach Inserted Transmitters
Do not cause drag
Cannot become snagged
Less likely to be abrasive Can use heavier package
Can be done quickly
Short habituation time for fish
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Disadvantages
Difficult to get in fish'smouth
May be regurgitated May rupture the
esophagus or stomach
External variables aredifficult to monitor
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Surgically implanted transmitters
Excellent for physiologicaltransmitters
Best for long term attachment External factors difficult to monitor
Takes long to perform
Long recovery period
More likely to cause infection
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Methods of tracking - Boat
Stop at specific locations
Listen for transmitter signals
Engine off or at low revolutions By signal position boat above
animal
Locate animal on map Measurements taken
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Airplane
Highly mobile tagged animals
Greatest detection range for signals
Very high cost Easy to miss animal due to speed
Locations determined within 100 m
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Triangulation
Bearings from two or more locations
Great error bymoving animals
Move receiving
unit betweenlocations
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Appearance at fixed locations
Receivers set at certain locations
Record presence or absence of transmitter
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Automatic tracking system
Measure time taken by signalto travel through water
Very accurate Must have strong signal
Animals must be in home
range
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Satellite telemetry
By satellite
Track remote, wide ranging animals
Usually used on larger animals
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Automatic Data Recording
Automatically decoded and recorded
Absence or presence of signal on strip chart
Manual- one animal at a timeTimers may be used
More elaborate
Electronic data sheets
Data collection computers
Microcomputers
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Sampling and processing - Field
Considerations Have spare for everything
Store transmitters in padded boxes
Store in refrigerator if not used for long (batteries)Activate transmitters days before testing
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Field Considerations (cont.)
Test transmitter beforeattaching to animal
Cover receivers with plasticbags
Dry out receivers after use
Discharge nicad batterybefore recharging
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Sampling size considerations
Number tagged depends on
Cost
LaborAvailability of animals
Type of data desired
Method of analysis
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Methods of Searching
Use equally spaced
transectsVary starting point
each day
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Sampling time
Do not sample same time every day
All hours sampled equally
Choose days and time randomly
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Data Plots
Statistical programs can plot scattergrams
Draw bearings on
plot board
Each animal gets
a x and y
coordinate
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Data analysis
Usually done with computer
Define biotelemetry
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What is Telemedicine ?
The Practical Benefits of Telemetry
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The ability to send medical data using any
form of communication interface, from thepatient to any other site.
This typically includes bio medical
information such as ECG, Pulse , OxygenSaturation,Blood Pressure ,Video Imaging.
Telemedicine
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Standard Telemedicine
Satellite - dependent ( INMARSAT )
Setup involves satellite location
Use during ambulance journey would involvesatellite tracking
Setup time augments time at scene
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Myocardial Infarcation
It is just one type of Heart Attack that is becoming more and morecommon place in our modern world
Primarily an MI as it is commonly known is a blockage of one or more ofthe arteries that feed the heart muscle. This blockage is in the form of a clotwhich is stopping oxygenated blood from feeding the tissues.
Ti i l
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Time is muscle
The main aim is to reduce the time that the heart muscle
is starved of oxygenated blood and to prevent more tissue
from dying.
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How can telemedicine help ?
With the correct vital signs sent to the hospital via telemetry thedoctors can validate the correct diagnosis.
The patient on arrival should be treated much faster than a patient whohas not had the use of telemedicine.
Thrombolytic drugs will be ready as will the cardiologists who will bewaiting to treat the patient on arrival or arrange for immediate admission
to a CCU .
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What actually happens ?
10 Leads on Body
Acquire Data Analyse Data
Produce Report
Analyse Report Transmit Report
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HOW DOES IT WORK
Lifepak 11Hospital /
Receiving Station
GSM
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Monitor and Receiving Station
The system is designed with strobe warning lights to
inform the staff of an incoming ECG.When the data arrives a senior medical officer is able todiagnose exactly the problem and produce an accurate
diagnosis of the cardiac condition
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TREATMENT
Cardiac Condition Diagnosed
Thrombolytic Drug Administered
Time to Needle is reduced
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The Video Imaging Pilot
Lancashire Ambulance services
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Vehicle Specification.
The vehicle contains very sophisticated telemetry facilities.
Four cameras for all aspects of emergency and casualty trauma.
Transmission of live video images using standard GSMmobile telephone system with total World Systems compatibility.
The system has the ability to monitor live pictures on boardthe Ambulance.
The system can be fully automated for easy usage.
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Ambulance Facilities
It can provide four viewsrear viewinternalhelmet and microwave linkdashboard
plus a small colour internal monitor4 way split screen with zoom
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VIDEO IMAGING
A typicalinstallation onan Ambulance
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Dashboard Camera
Situated on thedashboard
of the Emergencyvehicle,this can provide viewingof an emergency eventuponarrival and the camera can
be directed towards theincident.
R Vi C
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Rear View Camera
Situated on the rear top of the vehicle next to brakelights, this camera is built intoan external housing unit
disguised as a reversing orspot light.
It was disguised to
prevent the public from beingunduly concerned.
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Internal Camera
Situated directly above the patient on a swivelflexible arm for adjustment
and can be used to view anypart of the patients body.
The camera has a zoom lens
inside which can be operatedby either the paramedic or anexternal computer operator.
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Helmet Camera
Highly miniaturized colour camera with housingto blend with helmet. Lenssystem positioned at the frontwith signal processing unit at rear.Coiled connection to Microwave
video transmitter to send livepictures back to the vehicle .
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Colour Viewing Monitor
Situated above the patient for comfortableviewing by the paramedic, this
TFT colour display unit has abilityto display split screen imagesviewing the four camera imagesat once or singular. It has buttons
on unit for camera selection. Theuser can also zoom in andout the internal camera.
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This GSM is also fitted with a hands free facility to enablethe Paramedic to talk with Doctors and other people when
the video system is not in use.
The system is designed also to be either enabled by the control center by a singlebutton push on a computer consolealthough this operation is password protected to preventunauthorized access..
GSM Cellular Terminal
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The receiving station consists of a standard P.C. with a pentiumprocessor ,16 Mb of ram and at least 40 Mb of hard disk space anda standard 28000 bits per second modem .
If a laptop computer is used the same specification is required butalso a PCMCIA data card and a GSM mobile telephone .
The system also requires dedicated software to operate the system.
Receiving Station
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The receiving station can also change the view of any screen and it can alsozoom the camera in and out via the keyboard.The views are updated every 4 seconds in colour or every 2 seconds if mono
is selected. The system can also send the pictures to another station any wherein the world.The whole operation is also copied to a slow scan video recorder .
Receiving Station
T i i
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Training
The video image system is recorded via a slow scanvideo recorder. These videos can be used to assistParamedics by validating their existing protocols
and assist managers in analysing actions of controlmanagers.
The videos can also be used to show new recruits real
and actual events and how they were handled.
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Ambulance
Hospital
GSM
HOW DOES IT WORK
Control Center
B fi
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Benefits
Faster treatment for Heart Attack victims
More detailed medical informationClinical history from point of contact of NHSCost savings to the NHS
Greater reduction in mortality rate
B fi
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Method of injury visually displayed
Constant monitoring of patients conditionClinical advice available for the paramedicResourcing information for controlScene evaluationRecorded footage for training purposes
Benefits
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Thank you for your
patient listening.Queries?????
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