View
52
Download
0
Category
Preview:
DESCRIPTION
Technology for 2 nd Generation Biofuels. Petter Hieronymus Heyerdahl. GOAL:. TO CONVERT WASTES AND DIFFICULT BIOMASS INTO BIOFUELS AND VALUABLE PRODUCTS. Gases: CO, CO 2 , H 2 , CH 4. Biomass is heated to 300 - 600 º C in the absence of air in a gas thight reaction chamber. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Citation preview
21112005
Technology for 2nd Generation Biofuels
Petter Hieronymus Heyerdahl
Tech
nolo
gy fo
r 2nd G
enera
tion B
iofu
els
2
NO
RW
EG
IAN
UN
IVER
SIT
Y O
F LIF
E S
CIE
NC
ES
www.umb.no
GOAL:
TO CONVERT
WASTES AND DIFFICULT BIOMASS
INTO
BIOFUELS AND VALUABLE PRODUCTS
Tech
nolo
gy fo
r 2nd G
enera
tion B
iofu
els
3
NO
RW
EG
IAN
UN
IVER
SIT
Y O
F LIF
E S
CIE
NC
ES
www.umb.no
Pyrolysis: Braking down (lysis) of a material by heat (pyro)
Biomass is heated to
300 - 600 ºCin the
absence of air in
a gas thightreaction
chamber.
Biomass input
Gases: CO, CO2, H2, CH4
LiquidsMicrowave
energyinput
Vola-tiles
Char / Carbonand inert solid material
C
on
dense
r
Tech
nolo
gy fo
r 2nd G
enera
tion B
iofu
els
4
NO
RW
EG
IAN
UN
IVER
SIT
Y O
F LIF
E S
CIE
NC
ES
www.umb.no
Microwaves are radio waves
+- OH
H
Radio waves travel through biomass Molecules are put into motion – that is heat
Frequency: 2450 MHz
Wavelength: 12 cm.
Tech
nolo
gy fo
r 2nd G
enera
tion B
iofu
els
5
NO
RW
EG
IAN
UN
IVER
SIT
Y O
F LIF
E S
CIE
NC
ES
www.umb.no
Heating by microwaves
Tech
nolo
gy fo
r 2nd G
enera
tion B
iofu
els
6
NO
RW
EG
IAN
UN
IVER
SIT
Y O
F LIF
E S
CIE
NC
ES
www.umb.no
Motor
To distillasjonor
condensationFeedstock10 kg/h
C + inert
3 x 1.5 kW-generators
Main components of the microwave pyrolysis reactor
Quarts glass window
Purge gas inlet
5 m
Ø 250 mm
Tech
nolo
gy fo
r 2nd G
enera
tion B
iofu
els
7
NO
RW
EG
IAN
UN
IVER
SIT
Y O
F LIF
E S
CIE
NC
ES
www.umb.no
Properties of the continuous MWP plant:
Totally closed system
No air or oxygen added: – minimum gas volumes generated – high calorific value on gases
Low thermal masses of the reactor give short start and shut down times
Precise temperature control:- Low carry over of pollutants- Facilitates better product control
Small plants can be profitable
Electric input 5 – 25 % of feedstock energy content
Tech
nolo
gy fo
r 2nd G
enera
tion B
iofu
els
8
NO
RW
EG
IAN
UN
IVER
SIT
Y O
F LIF
E S
CIE
NC
ES
www.umb.no
MWP of aspen
Tech
nolo
gy fo
r 2nd G
enera
tion B
iofu
els
9
NO
RW
EG
IAN
UN
IVER
SIT
Y O
F LIF
E S
CIE
NC
ES
www.umb.no
MWP of municipal solid waste
Tech
nolo
gy fo
r 2nd G
enera
tion B
iofu
els
10
NO
RW
EG
IAN
UN
IVER
SIT
Y O
F LIF
E S
CIE
NC
ES
www.umb.no
Why MWP? Conclusion
Powerful tool in concentration of hazardous
components in biomass and waste streams
Waste reduction and in-process separation
Conversion of biomass and bio wastes for
bio fuels, energy and bio chemicals
Attractive tool in education and international
collaboration
Development of new technology – industrialisation
Recommended