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Teaching with Scenarios
An Integrated Strategy-based Approach to Teaching Communication Skills
Heide Spruck WrigleyLiteracywork International
Adapted for TISESL
Tips and Strategies
Literacywork International
Lesson Flow
PreviewPreview
Interactive Teacher
Presentation
Interactive Teacher
Presentation
Think-Pair-Share
Comprehen-sion Check
Think-Pair-Share
Comprehen-sion Check
Story Map DiscussionStory Map Discussion
Shared Reading
Shared Reading
Create Dialogue and
Role Play
Create Dialogue and
Role Play
Language and
Vocabulary Practice
Language and
Vocabulary Practice
Culture NotesCulture Notes
RetellingRetelling
Discussing Options
Discussing Options
Preview the Scenario
Show students the cover picture and in a few words summarize the story. Include the title, the people, place, and problem in your summary. Make the connection to students lives by saying something like, “do you ever go to a clinic?” or “do you know the (local) factory.” Give students a minute to look at the front page and discuss the key words with each other.
Lesson Flow
Literacywork International
Mini-Presentation with Pictures
Present the story to the students orally. Speak slowly but naturally and use pauses between sentences. Ask question as you go along to keep the class engaged and to make sure they understand. Use transition phrases such as, “Ok, let’s see what happens next”. Repeat and rephrase key information and act out the story as you go along. Alternatively, play the audio CD and ask students to fill out the Story Map.
Lesson Flow
Literacywork International
True/False Comprehension Check
When you have finished the story, make a set of statements about the story and ask students to decide if the statement is true or false. Use Think/Pair/ Share: Students evaluate individually if a statement is True or False and then share the answer with a partner or in a small group. Ask the question again and have everyone hold up their True or False Cards. Ask students to justify their answer by providing evidence from the story.
Lesson Flow
Literacywork International
Story Map Discussion
Ask students to work in pairs to discuss the story using the Story Map. They should talk about what happened, who was involved, or why someone felt a certain way. Encourage students to talk about what happened and discourage writing. After students finish, check answers.
Lesson Flow
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Retelling
Ask students to work in pairs or small groups to retell the story using the pictures only (students need not write). For variation, cut pictures up and have students put them in the right order as they tell the story. Ask a couple students to present the story orally to the class (consider enlarging and laminating a set of story cards for this purpose).
Lesson Flow
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Shared Reading
Read the story aloud to the students while they follow along, looking at the pictures (ask beginners to follow with their fingers or a ruler). Then ask students to work in pairs reading the text without pictures to each other. Ask them to underline the words they don’t understand and have trouble with and discuss them. After students finish explain problems.
Lesson Flow
Literacywork International
Discussing Options
Quickly review and highlight the problem in the story involving students. Ask students for ideas on how the problem could be solved and draw a chart on a flip chart (use the Options Chart in the text as a model). Ask students what the consequence of a particular option would be. Use the Think-Aloud Strategy to illustrate your thinking. Ask students to work individually and then in pairs or groups to discuss answers.
Lesson Flow
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Dialogue and Role Play
Ask the same pairs or groups to pick their best option and create a dialog for the end of the story. Students can finish the dialogue in their book or can create their own. Encourage students to be creative. Ask a couple of pairs of students to role play their dialogue in front of the class. The other students evaluate how well they did, using the rubric. Discuss with the class if the problem was handled appropriately.
Lesson Flow
Literacywork International
Language and Vocabulary Practice
Highlight the key vocabulary from the scenario once more and put students who share the same language in pairs so they can discuss the vocabulary and complete the match-up activity (model the activity first!). If there is an odd person, work with that student. Ask students to put words they want to remember in the Personal Dictionary. Explain and model the language activity and have students complete the activities in pairs.
Lesson Flow
Literacywork International
Cultural Notes
Culture notes are designed to have students grapple with key issues through thinking and discussion. Introduce a few of the culture notes and ask students if they agree or disagree with the statement. Probe for why they agree or not. Then ask students to work in pairs or small groups to tackle the rest of the questions. Debrief with the students and highlight expectations of the American workplace (see comments in notes).
Lesson Flow
Literacywork International
Making Language Come Alive
Instructional Strategies
Literacywork International
Wrigley 2008
Scenarios for Problem Solving
Use Scenarios for problem solving.
Strategy
Literacywork International
Wrigley 2008
Scenarios for Socio-cultural SkillsStrategy
Literacywork International
PowerPoint
Use PowerPoint (or transparency) to set context and illustrate language.
Strategy
Literacywork International
True-False Cards
Use True-False cards to check understanding. Use Think-Pair-Share to make it a meaningful activity.
TRUE
FALSE
Strategy
Literacywork International
Evocative Pictures
Use compelling visuals to support presentation and foster discussion.
Source: Material World
Strategy
Literacywork International
Think-Pair-Share
Use Think-Pair-Share to build engagement. Students think about the answer individually first then pair up and share their answers.
Strategy
Literacywork International
Click and Clunk
Use Click and Clunk to monitor reading comprehension. As students read with you, they say “click” when they understand a word or phrase and “clunk” when they don’t.
ClickClickClunk
Strategy
Literacywork International
Oral and Written Language
Connect oral and written language to deepen language learning. Have students listen and retell before they read the story
So you see, it’s really quite easy if you just listen
to me.
Thanks you so much. I
was looking for guidance.
Strategy
Literacywork International
Cloze Tests
Use Cloze Tests and Dictations to focus on language.
Alex overslept and was ____ for work. He ____ his cell phone at home. He couldn’t call his ____ to tell him he ___ late. Alex was in ____.
Strategy
Literacywork International
Fix-up
Teach Fix-up strategies to help students repair miscommunication or lack of understanding. Fix up includes double checking, admitting fault and saying, “It won’t happen again.”
Strategy
Literacywork International
Analyzing Options and Consequences
Ask students to outline a problem and generate options. Have them consider the consequences of each option. Use charts to help them organize their ideas.
Strategy
Literacywork International
Literacywork International
Role Plays
Use Role Plays to foster spontaneous communication. Build the Role Plays around dialogues students have created and practiced. Discourage memorization or reading the dialogues.
I shouldn’t say this, but…
I shouldn’t say this, but…Oh, please
do.Oh, please
do.
Strategy
Flash Cards
Use Flashcards to build vocabulary. Use large picture cards in front of the class to have students generate language and have students practice with smaller cards.
GossipGossip
Strategy
Literacywork International
Conversation Cards
To practice and extend Role Plays make up conversation cards that act as prompts for students.
Talk about the weather.
Talk about the weather.
Talk about your family.
Talk about your family.
Strategy
Literacywork International
Graphic Organizers
Use graphic organizer such as Story Maps or tables for options and consequences to help students organize their ideas
Strategy
Literacywork International
Literacywork International
Think Alouds
Make thinking process visible by articulating your thoughts to students. Explain how you would solve a scenario (“ok, here I am a nurse. I have very little time….”
OK, so here’s how I came up with the
answer.
Strategy
Mini-Poems
Use Mini-Poems to promote writing.
Three Things I Like About Home Family events Familiar places Mother’s cooking
Two Things I Don’t Dusty roads Cousin Robert
Strategy
Literacywork International
Sketches and Picture Stories
Use sketches to illustrate scenarios. Encourage students to retell the story using storyboards.
Strategy
Literacywork International
Chalk-Talks
Use Chalk-Talk to extend the scenarios and tell new stories.
Strategy
Literacywork International
Videos
Use videos to extend scenarios and foster listening comprehension. Modern Times is fun as are various I Love Lucy episodes. Consider the English for All videos.
Strategy
Literacywork International
Songs
Use songs to extend scenarios.
Strategy
Literacywork International
Computer and Web - Background
Use Computer & Web to build background knowledge.
Strategy
Literacywork International
Preview
Use preview to activate background knowledge.
Strategy
Literacywork International
Question Generating & Answering
Use question generating & answering to increase comprehension. Students make up questions about a story and a partner tries to find the answer in the story
Who is Manny?
What is a utility knife?
Why is Manny in trouble?
Strategy
Literacywork International
Use Realia to Set the Context
Bring in items that help iillustrate the story, such as dolls, utility knives, belts, switches and other items to make the scenarios come alive
Strategy
Literacywork International
Mini-Projects
Use Mini-Projects to reinforce language, culture & work skills.Have students work in teams to create an ad campaign for a new product or write a Public Service Announcement
Strategy
Literacywork International
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