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Teaching Speaking Teaching Speaking SkillsSkills
Communication involves Communication involves the use of four language the use of four language skills:skills:
listening and speaking in listening and speaking in oral communication oral communication reading and writing in reading and writing in written communication.written communication.
Developing Oral Developing Oral Communication SkillsCommunication Skills
Attention should be Attention should be concentrated on the following concentrated on the following main problems:main problems:syllabus requirementssyllabus requirementslanguage and speechlanguage and speechphysiological and linguistic physiological and linguistic characteristics of speechcharacteristics of speechways of creating situationsways of creating situationsprepared, unprepared and inner prepared, unprepared and inner speechspeechtypes of exercises.types of exercises.
Psychological Psychological Characteristics of Characteristics of SpeechSpeech Speech must be motivatedSpeech must be motivated.. Speech is always addressed Speech is always addressed
to an interlocutor.to an interlocutor. Speech is always emotionally Speech is always emotionally
coloured.coloured. Speech is always situational.Speech is always situational.
Linguistic Linguistic Characteristics of Characteristics of SpeechSpeechLinguistic peculiarities of dialogue are Linguistic peculiarities of dialogue are
as follows:as follows: The use of incomplete sentences (ellipses) The use of incomplete sentences (ellipses)
in response: e.g. Where do you live? - In in response: e.g. Where do you live? - In Yerevan. How many books do you have? – Yerevan. How many books do you have? – One.One.
The use of contracted forms: doesn’t. won’t, The use of contracted forms: doesn’t. won’t, haven’t, can’thaven’t, can’t
The use of some abbreviations: lab, bike, The use of some abbreviations: lab, bike, math’s, fridge, comp, etc.math’s, fridge, comp, etc.
The use of conversational tags. These are The use of conversational tags. These are the words the speaker uses when he/she the words the speaker uses when he/she wishes to speak without saying anything: wishes to speak without saying anything: e.g. of course, perhaps, surely, etc.e.g. of course, perhaps, surely, etc.
Principles for Principles for Designing Speaking Designing Speaking TechniquesTechniques Techniques should cover the spectrum of Techniques should cover the spectrum of
learner needs, fromlearner needs, fromlanguage-based focus on accuracy to language-based focus on accuracy to message-based focus onmessage-based focus oninteraction, meaning, and fluencyinteraction, meaning, and fluency
Techniques should be intrinsically motivating.Techniques should be intrinsically motivating. Provide appropriate feedback and correction.Provide appropriate feedback and correction. Capitalize on the natural link between Capitalize on the natural link between
speaking and listening.speaking and listening. Give students opportunities to initiate oral Give students opportunities to initiate oral
communication.communication. Encourage the development of speaking Encourage the development of speaking
strategies.strategies.
Types of Classroom Types of Classroom Speaking PerformanceSpeaking Performance ImitativeImitative IntensiveIntensive ResponsiveResponsive Transactional (dialogue)Transactional (dialogue) Interpersonal (dialogue)Interpersonal (dialogue)
Teaching Two Forms of Teaching Two Forms of SpeakingSpeaking
MonologueMonologueDialogueDialogue
Teaching MonologueTeaching Monologue
Statement levelStatement level UtteranceUtterance levellevel Discourse levelDiscourse level
Teaching DialogueTeaching Dialogue
While teaching dialogue we should While teaching dialogue we should use pattern dialogues in three use pattern dialogues in three stages:stages:
1.1. ReceptiveReceptive
2.2. ReproductiveReproductive immediateimmediate delayeddelayed modifiedmodified
3.3. Constructive or creativeConstructive or creative
Organizing Organizing Communicative Communicative ActivitiesActivities Picture difference tasksPicture difference tasks Group planning tasksGroup planning tasks List sequencing tasks - Ranking List sequencing tasks - Ranking
taskstasks Pyramid discussionPyramid discussion Role Play Role Play Real Play Real Play SimulationSimulation
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