Taxonomy of Animalia – SB091321 · Farid K. Muzaki, S.Si., M.Si Jurusan BIOLOGI FMIPA – ITS...

Farid K. Muzaki, S.Si., M.Si

Jurusan BIOLOGIFMIPA – ITS Surabaya

THE ECHINODERMSTaxonomy of Animalia – SB091321

Characters (1)

Calcareous endoskeleton arising from mesodermal tissue and

( )

gcomposed of separate plates or ossicles; each plate originates as a single calcite crystal and develops as an open meshwork structure called a stereomstructure called a stereomAdults with basic pentamerous radial symmetry derived from bilaterally symmetrical larvae (when present); body parts organized about an oral–aboral axisNo excretory organsA water-vascular system of coelomic origin that extends from the body surface as a series of tentaclelike projections (podia or tube feet)(p )

Characters (2)( )

Locomotion by tube feet, which project from the ambulacral areas, or by movement of spines, or by movement of arms, which project from central disc of the movement of arms, which project from central disc of the bodyThe external parts of the tube feet, or podia, can serve a variety of functions, including locomotion, gas exchange, feeding, attachment, and sensory receptionDevelopment through free swimming bilateral larval stages Development through free-swimming, bilateral, larval stages (some with direct development); metamorphosis to radial adult or subadult form

Echinoderm bauplanp

Echinoderm bauplanp

Echinoderm diversityy

A cladogram showing relationship between between classes of Echinoderm

Class 1: ASTEROIDEA

Body stellate with five or more arms; arms not set off from Body stellate with five or more arms; arms not set off from central disc by distinct articulationsAnus on aboral surface; mouth directed toward substratum; ambulacral grooves openTube feet with internal ampullae, with or without suckersM d b l CD b lMadreporite aboral on CD interambulacrum

Some of Asteroids

Fromia monilis

Culcita novaeguineaeg

Linckia laevigata

Acanthaster plancii

Fact sheet

In every reef in the world, blooming of crown-of-thorn crown of thorn sea star causing major damage to the reef; therefore considered as a harmful pest a a u pes for coral reef

Class 2: OPHIUROIDEA

B d with fi b h d b h d ti l t d Body with five unbranched or branched articulated arms, clearly set off from a central discAmbulacral grooves closedgTube feet with internal ampullae but without suckersAnus lacking Madreporite on CD interambulacral plate on oral surface, often reduced

Ophiuroid bauplanp p

General overview of an Ophiuroid

Some of Ophiuroid

Ophiolepis superba

Ophiothrix pnereidina

Some of Ophiuroid

Ophiarachna affinis

Ophiomastix pannulosa

Macrophiothrix longipedalongipeda

Ophiarthrum pictum

Class 3: ECHINOIDEA

B d l b di id l ft d il bil t lBody globose or discoidal, often secondarily bilateralWith movable spinesAmbulacral grooves closed; with internal jaw apparatus Ambulacral grooves closed; with internal jaw apparatus (Aristotle’s lantern)

Echinoid bauplanp

General overview of an Echinoid

Echinoid bauplanp

Some of Echinoid

Echinometra mathaei

Echinothrix calamaris

Tripenustes gratillagratilla

Mespilia globulus

Class 4: HOLOTHUROIDEA

Body fleshy, sausage-shaped, elongate on oral–aboral axisSkeleton usually reduced to isolated ossiclest b f t ti ti l b ttube feet sometimes entirely absentMadreporite internalAmbulacral grooves closed; with circlet of feeding tentacles Ambulacral grooves closed; with circlet of feeding tentacles around mouth

Holothuroid bauplanp

Some of Holothuroid

Holothuria hilla

Holothuria atra

Synaptula lampertilamperti

Stichopus ocellatus

Fact sheet

Di Surabaya dan Sidoarjo, sejenis teripang yang teripang yang dikenal dengan nama lokal “terung” dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan pangan bebas pa ga bebas kolesterol

Class 5: CRINOIDEA

Body form as a cup or calyx with oral surface directed upwardBody form as a cup or calyx, with oral surface directed upwardAboral stalk, when present, arising from calyxAmbulacra on arms that bear pinnules; ambulacra may branch p ; ymore than once, branches equalAmbulacral grooves open; skeletal plates fused in calyx, but

l d l harticulated elsewhereNo external madreporite; mouth and anus on oral surface

Crinoid bauplanp

Some of Crinoid

T i K ihTerima Kasih