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flexibles
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11
Society for Underwater Technology
“The Life-Cycle of Flexible Risers and Flowlines”
(a design and operations awareness course)
22
Presenters
33
Course Structure
• Follows the life-cycle of a flexible:• Design
• Installation
• Damage, Degradation and Failure modes (installation and operation)
• Integrity management (operator’s viewpoint)
• Integrity management (specialist’s viewpoint)
• Decommissioning
• Course Dinner tonight
44
Objectives
• To take you through the life-cycle of flexible risers and flowlines
• To give you an awareness of when and where they might be used
• To give you an awareness of design and operational issues
• To give you enough information for you to be comfortable with your responsibilities
55
Modus Operandi
• This is a course, not a conference
• Please do not hesitate to ask questions
• Please share experience
• At the end, please tell us what you think of the course
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Flexibles at Work
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What is a Flexible?
• It is unbonded flexible pipe• It is a flowline or riser made up of a number of metallic and
polymeric elements – fluid containment, pressurecontainment and axial strength functions are separated
• It can be bent to a much smallerradius than the equivalent rigidpipe without suffering plasticdeformation
• It can endure dynamicenvironments with much lessfatigue than the equivalentrigid pipe
• It does not feel flexible if youtry to bend it!
88
Why a Flexible Flowline?
• Fabrication is carried out in controlled conditions ashore, off-line
• Installation is quicker & easier – just unreel it…
• Limited metrology requirements
• Insulating properties
• Resistance to buckling
• Re-useability
• Decommissioning
• Cost/metre higher than rigid
pipe – total package must be
viewed on a case by case basis
99
Why a Flexible Riser?
• All the benefits of flowlines, plus:
• Catenary risers feasible in
shallow water depths
• Decouple surface excitation
from seabed facilities (FPUs)
• Freedom in location of riser bases
• Components of hybrid risers, towers, etc
• Cheaper alternative where all rigid riser slots taken (fixed platforms)
1010
NKT Facility
1111
Technip Facility
1212
Wellstream Facility
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Very Brief History1943 PLUTO – fuel pipelines laid across the Channel
1968 flexible flowlines laid between Vestmanna Islands and Iceland to provide drinking water after volcanic eruption
1973 first HP flexible flowline (Elf, Emeraude, Congo)
1974 Le Trait facility opened; first flexible flowline in North Sea (Mobil, Beryl)
1986 first dynamic production riser system installed (Sun Oil, Balmoral, North Sea)
1991 flexibles reach 1000m water depth
2000 flexibles reach 1883m water depth - 6’’ Flowline (Petrobras, Roncador, Brazil)
2002 first line using high insulation profile – 6’’ in 550m water depth (AGIP, Abo, Nigeria)
2005 11” prod riser, 2-section design, fully sour service rated, 1000m (CNR, Baobab, Côte d’Ivoire)
2006 7.5” WI riser, 10,000psi, 1900m (BP Thunder Horse, GoM)
2006 11” Integrated Production Bundle (IPB) risers, 1300m (incl. active electric heating and gas lift tubing) (Total, Dalia, WAf)
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What Might The Future Bring?
• Larger diameters?
• Deeper water?
• Higher pressures?
• Hybrid solutions?
• Unexpected failure modes (ageing related)?
• Novel inspection techniques?
• Intelligent pigs for flexibles?
• More general acceptance of re-use?
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