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Mission Possible:
Sustainable Materials Management
Sustainable Materials Management:
Mission Possible?
Washington State Recycling
Association - May 13, 2013
David Allaway
Oregon Dept. of Environmental Quality
allaway.david@deq.state.or.us
Mission Possible:
Sustainable Materials Management
Sustainable Materials Management:
Mission Possible? Mission Impossible?
Mission Possible:
Sustainable Materials Management
Why Materials Management?
Because Materials Matter
• Use is increasing, both here and abroad
– Our economy is tied to global materials markets
• We’re increasingly dependent on
non-renewable materials
– With dependence comes economic
and geo-political risks
• Rapid rise in material use has led to serious
environmental effects
Mission Possible:
Sustainable Materials Management
Traditional Sector-Based View of U.S.
Greenhouse Gas Emissions (2006)
Electric Power Industry
34%
Transportation
28%
Industry
19%
Agriculture
8%
Commercial
6%
Source: US EPA (2009)
Residential
5%
Mission Possible:
Sustainable Materials Management
Materials Matter: Systems-Based
Geographic Emissions Inventory (2006)
Building Lighting and HVAC
25%
Transportation of People
24%
Infrastructure
1%
Use of Appliances and Devices
8%
Provision of Goods
29%
Source: US EPA (2009)
Provision of Food
13%
Materials
42%
Mission Possible:
Sustainable Materials Management
Materials Management:
A “Life Cycle” View
Mission Possible:
Sustainable Materials Management
For Materials, “Upstream” Emissions
Dominate
Building Lighting and HVAC
25%
Transportation of People
24%
Infrastructure
1%
Use of Appliances and Devices
8%
Provision of Materials
42% Landfills & Wastewater
2.2% Freight
7.1%
Extraction and Manufacturing
32.2%
Mission Possible:
Sustainable Materials Management
From “Discards Management” to
“Materials Management:
• A full view of impacts across the life cycle
• A full view of actions across the life cycle
Mission Possible:
Sustainable Materials Management
From “Discards Management” to
“Materials Management:
Mission Possible:
Sustainable Materials Management
From “Discards Management” to
“Materials Management:
Mission Possible:
Sustainable Materials Management
From “Discards Management” to
“Materials Management:
• A full view of impacts across the life cycle
• A full view of actions across the life cycle
– Why? Because most impacts are “upstream”
Mission Possible:
Sustainable Materials Management
-
20.00
40.00
60.00
80.00
100.00
120.00
37% recycling rate
62% recycling rate
Example of Actions Across the Life Cycle:
PET Water Bottles
“Baseline” = PET, half-liter, 13.3 grams, 0% post-consumer recycled content (PCR), on-site molding, purified municipal water (reverse osmosis, ozone and uv), 50 miles to retail, 5 miles home-to-retail, co-purchase w/24 other products, no chilling.
No
rmal
ize
d im
pac
t (
bas
elin
e w
/37
% r
ecy
clin
g =
10
0)
Mission Possible:
Sustainable Materials Management
-
20.00
40.00
60.00
80.00
100.00
120.00
37% recycling rate
62% recycling rate
62% recycling rate, lightweighted
Example of Actions Across the Life Cycle:
PET Water Bottles
“Baseline” = PET, half-liter, 13.3 grams, 0% post-consumer recycled content (PCR), on-site molding, purified municipal water (reverse osmosis, ozone and uv), 50 miles to retail, 5 miles home-to-retail, co-purchase w/24 other products, no chilling.
No
rmal
ize
d im
pac
t (
bas
elin
e w
/37
% r
ecy
clin
g =
10
0)
Mission Possible:
Sustainable Materials Management
-
20.00
40.00
60.00
80.00
100.00
120.00
37% recycling rate
62% recycling rate
62% recycling rate, lightweighted
tap water (worst case)
Example of Actions Across the Life Cycle:
PET Water Bottles
“Baseline” = PET, half-liter, 13.3 grams, 0% post-consumer recycled content (PCR), on-site molding, purified municipal water (reverse osmosis, ozone and uv), 50 miles to retail, 5 miles home-to-retail, co-purchase w/24 other products, no chilling.
No
rmal
ize
d im
pac
t (
bas
elin
e w
/37
% r
ecy
clin
g =
10
0)
Mission Possible:
Sustainable Materials Management
-
20.00
40.00
60.00
80.00
100.00
120.00
37% recycling rate
62% recycling rate
62% recycling rate, lightweighted
tap water (worst case)
tap water (best case)
Example of Actions Across the Life Cycle:
PET Water Bottles
“Baseline” = PET, half-liter, 13.3 grams, 0% post-consumer recycled content (PCR), on-site molding, purified municipal water (reverse osmosis, ozone and uv), 50 miles to retail, 5 miles home-to-retail, co-purchase w/24 other products, no chilling.
No
rmal
ize
d im
pac
t (
bas
elin
e w
/37
% r
ecy
clin
g =
10
0)
Mission Possible:
Sustainable Materials Management
The Bogeyman of Waste
Mission Possible:
Sustainable Materials Management
Pitfalls of the Waste Bogeyman:
1. Leads us to potentially unhelpful solutions
– Burning garbage at home
– “Reuse and recycle everything”
– “Everything must be recyclable” (and/or made
from recycled content)
Mission Possible:
Sustainable Materials Management
Void Fills in E-Commerce Packaging
(Boxes)
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
0%
Re
cycl
ed
Co
nte
nt
LDP
E A
ir P
acke
ts
0%
Re
cycl
ed
Co
nte
nt
Po
lyst
yre
ne
Lo
ose
Fill
0%
Re
cycl
ed
Co
nte
nt
Co
rn
Star
ch L
oo
se F
ill
0%
Re
cycl
ed
Co
nte
nt
Kra
ft
Pap
er
Du
nn
age
10
% R
ecy
cle
d C
on
ten
t N
ew
spri
nt
Du
nn
age
30
% R
ecy
cle
d C
on
ten
t LD
PE
Air
Pac
kets
30
% R
ecy
cle
d C
on
ten
t P
oly
styr
en
e L
oo
se F
ill
50
% R
ecy
cle
d C
on
ten
t K
raft
P
ape
r D
un
nag
e
50
% R
ecy
cle
d C
on
ten
t N
ew
spri
nt
Du
nn
age
10
0%
Re
cycl
ed
Co
nte
nt
Mo
lde
d P
ulp
Lo
ose
Fill
Lbs
CO
2e*
/10
,00
0 p
acka
ges
*on a cradle-to-distribution center basis
Mission Possible:
Sustainable Materials Management
Pitfalls of the Waste Bogeyman:
1. Leads us to potentially unhelpful solutions
– Burning garbage at home
– “Reuse and recycle everything”
– “Everything must be recyclable” (and/or made
from recycled content)
– “Zero waste”*
*As commonly interpreted as “zero landfilling”
Mission Possible:
Sustainable Materials Management
Compostable (PLA) and Recyclable (PET)
Water Packaging – Ecotoxicity Potential
-50
0
50
100
150
200
250
PLA, disposed PLA, 62% composted
PET, 62% recycledEc
oto
xic
ity P
ote
nti
al (
lb 2
,4 D
eq
pe
r 1
00
0
ga
llo
ns
dri
nk
ing
wa
ter)
Darker colors are “upstream” impacts; lighter colors are “downstream” impacts (discards management)
111 111
220
Mission Possible:
Sustainable Materials Management
-0.1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
PLA, disposed PLA, 62% composted
PET, 62% recycled
Eu
tro
ph
icati
on
Po
ten
tial (
lb N
eq
. p
er
10
00
g
allo
ns
dri
nk
ing
wa
ter)
Compostable (PLA) and Recyclable (PET)
Water Packaging – Eutrophication Potential
Darker colors are “upstream” impacts; lighter colors are “downstream” impacts (discards management)
0.79 0.79
0.22
Mission Possible:
Sustainable Materials Management
Compostable (PLA) and Recyclable (PET) Water Packaging
– Global Warming Potential (PLA decomposes in landfill)
Darker colors are “upstream” impacts; lighter colors are “downstream” impacts (discards management)
-500
0
500
1000
1500
2000
PLA, disposed PLA, 62% composted
PET, 62% recycledGlo
ba
l Wa
rmin
g P
ote
nti
al (
lb C
O2
eq
. p
er
10
00
ga
llo
ns
dri
nk
ing
wa
ter)
1,810
1,464
1,120
Mission Possible:
Sustainable Materials Management
Compostable (PLA) and Recyclable (PET) Water Packaging
– Global Warming Potential (PLA inert in landfill)
Darker colors are “upstream” impacts; lighter colors are “downstream” impacts (discards management)
-600
-400
-200
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
PLA, disposed PLA, 62% composted
PET, 62% recycled
Glo
ba
l Wa
rmin
g P
ote
nti
al (
lb C
O2
eq
. p
er
10
00
ga
llo
ns
dri
nk
ing
wa
ter)
1,120 1,105 865
Mission Possible:
Sustainable Materials Management
Pitfalls of the Waste Bogeyman:
1. Leads us to unhelpful solutions
2. “Downstream” actions have limited potential
Mission Possible:
Sustainable Materials Management
The importance . . . and limitations . . . of
discards management
42%
6%
2006 U.S. GHG inventory
with 32% recovery
(MSW)
2006 U.S. GHG inventory with
very high recovery rate
(~95% MSW + >70% C&D)
provision of
materials
provision of
materials
36%
“savings”
buildings
transporting
people appliances
& devices
buildings
transporting
people appliances
& devices
Mission Possible:
Sustainable Materials Management
Pitfalls of the Waste Bogeyman:
1. Leads us to unhelpful solutions
2. “Downstream” actions have limited potential
3. Distracts us from working upstream . . . or
worse, makes it harder to do so
Mission Possible:
Sustainable Materials Management
An update to Oregon’s State Integrated
Resource and Solid Waste Management
Plan (1995-2005)
Mission Possible:
Sustainable Materials Management
Materials Management Workgroup
Mission Possible:
Sustainable Materials Management 2050 Vision for
Sustainable Materials
Management in Oregon
• Intended to set a
clear picture of
where we hope
to land
• Addresses
materials
produced and
used in Oregon
• Expressed in
summary form
and with detailed
“desired
outcomes”
Mission Possible:
Sustainable Materials Management 2050 Vision for
Materials Management in Oregon:
Oregonians in 2050 produce and use materials responsibly
conserving resources protecting the environment living well
Mission Possible:
Sustainable Materials Management
Desired Outcomes for 2050
Producers make products sustainably.
Every option is a sustainable option.
People live well and consume
sustainably.
Materials have the most useful life
possible before and after discard.
Mission Possible:
Sustainable Materials Management
Framework for Action
• Not an implementation plan
• Currently prioritizing actions
• DEQ will reevaluate every six years
Mission Possible:
Sustainable Materials Management
Oregon’s 2050 Vision and Framework for
Action
Mission Possible:
Sustainable Materials Management
Background Papers
Documents available:
www.deq.state.or.us/lq/sw/materialsmgmtplan
bkgrddocs.htm
Mission Possible:
Sustainable Materials Management
Background Papers
• BMPs for managing food scraps
• Conversion technologies
• Review of the waste hierarchy
• Trends in waste generation; potential for additional
recovery
• Rare earth metals
• Materials management and greenhouse gases
• Other environmental criteria
• Waste prevention
• Materials and green building
• Sustainable consumption – opportunities and challenges
• Policy and program options to advance sustainable
production and consumption
• Product stewardship
• What are “sustainable materials” and “sustainable
materials management”?
Mission Possible:
Sustainable Materials Management
Implementation: Short-Term Priorities
• Program realignment
• Research projects: highest-and-best use
– Waste plastics
– Waste food
Mission Possible:
Sustainable Materials Management
Implementation: Short-Term Priorities
(continued)
• Potential statutory changes
– Goals and measures
– Oregon’s recycling opportunity model
– Program funding
• Redesign of website; new information
• “Upstream” projects
– Green building
– Environmental “footprint” of products
• Existing work
Mission Possible:
Sustainable Materials Management
Looking back 37 years
38
Mission Possible:
Sustainable Materials Management
Mission Possible:
Sustainable Materials Management
Sustainable Materials Management:
Mission Impossible? Mission Possible?
Mission Possible:
Sustainable Materials Management
Sustainable Materials Management:
Mission Possible!
Washington State Recycling
Association - May 13, 2013
David Allaway
Oregon Dept. of Environmental Quality
allaway.david@deq.state.or.us
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