View
218
Download
0
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
8/8/2019 Summary Writing2
1/22
8/8/2019 Summary Writing2
2/22
ObjectivesObjectives
1. Give an appropriate definitionfor a summary
2. Know the characteristics of agood summary
3. Learn the techniques insummary writing
4. Learn the steps in summarywriting5. Practice
8/8/2019 Summary Writing2
3/22
I. What is a summary?I. What is a summary?
y A summary is a shortened passage,
which retains the essential information
of the original. It is a fairly briefrestatement --- in your own words ---of
the contents of a passage.
y Note: you simply report back what the
writer has said, without making value
judgments.
8/8/2019 Summary Writing2
4/22
II. Characteristics of a goodII. Characteristics of a good
summarysummaryy Can be understood without
reference to the original;
y
Is a faithful reproduction of, orcontains only the ideas or
information of, the original;
y Is briefwithout any unnecessary
detail;
y Is a readable unified whole
8/8/2019 Summary Writing2
5/22
III. Techniques in summaryIII. Techniques in summarywritingwriting
1. Paraphrasing
To paraphrase means to
completely and correctly express
other peoples ideas in ones own
words.
8/8/2019 Summary Writing2
6/22
Examples:Examples:
1. Youve cooked us all1. Youve cooked us all a hot potatoa hot potato..
(a troublesome person or issue)(a troublesome person or issue)
2. Prevention is better than cure.2. Prevention is better than cure.
(It is better to prevent(It is better to prevent
somethingsomething unpleasant fromunpleasant fromhappening thanhappening than try to put ittry to put it
right afterwards.)right afterwards.)
8/8/2019 Summary Writing2
7/22
It helps us understand the
original better.
It helps us grasp the central idea
and the main points.
It helps us write summaries that
are brief and to the point, and in
our own words.
The importance of paraphrasing
8/8/2019 Summary Writing2
8/22
Read the original carefullyand comprehend its
meaning wholly andcorrectly.
Consider the original article
as a whole, not in isolatedsentences.
Steps of paraphrasing
8/8/2019 Summary Writing2
9/22
Techniques in summary writingTechniques in summary writing
3. Ways of condensationy Use synonyms or synonymous phrasesHe had a good command of English.
(He knew English well.)y Change the structure of simple
sentencesMy brother has an appreciation of modern
art.(My brother appreciates modern art.)
8/8/2019 Summary Writing2
10/22
y Turn complex sentences into simple
sentences
He received a welcome that was as cold asice.
(He received an icy welcome.)
y
Combine the sentencesHurry up. If you dont, youll miss the train.
(Hurry up or youll miss the train.)
8/8/2019 Summary Writing2
11/22
4. Finding the topic sentence and making anoutline
topic sentence/ outline
8/8/2019 Summary Writing2
12/22
IV. How to write a summary?IV. How to write a summary?
1. The importance of summary writing2. Necessary elements for a good
summaryy Proper citation
title, author, source;date of publication and the text
(journal articles)
8/8/2019 Summary Writing2
13/22
yGrammar and the structure ofwriting
avoid direct quotation;use transitional words
y Length
1/4 to 1/3 of theoriginal
8/8/2019 Summary Writing2
14/22
Read the articleTo understand the article and
find the general theme. Reread the article
Divide into sections and labeleach section.Understand the important parts.
Write one-sentence summariesSummarize each section of
thought.
3.Steps in writing a summary
8/8/2019 Summary Writing2
15/22
Formulate the thesis statement
Weave the one-sentence section-summaries together.
Write the first draftA. In the first sentence or two:1. The authors name
2. The articles or chapters name
3. The authors thesis statement
B. Then the summary sentences for eachparagraph or section.
8/8/2019 Summary Writing2
16/22
C. Express in your own words,
to avoid plagiarism.
C. Occasional supporting ideas ifnecessary.
Note:1. Eliminate unnecessary words and repetitions.
2. Eliminate personal ideas and inferences.
3. Use transitions for a smooth and logical flowof ideas.
4. Conclude with a summing up sentence.
8/8/2019 Summary Writing2
17/22
Edit the draft Is all the important information in the summary?
Am I listing things out?
Am I saying the same thing over and over again? Have I left out my personal views and ideas?
Does my summary hang together?
Is my grammar, punctuation, and spelling
correct?Write the final draft
8/8/2019 Summary Writing2
18/22
Writing Summaries PracticeWriting Summaries Practice
y The paragraphsbelow areeach
followed by two summaries.Judgewhich is thebetter summary ofeach
paragraph. Remember thatsummariesshould begin with an
overall summary statement, havesupporting summary statements asnecessary, and name thesource.
8/8/2019 Summary Writing2
19/22
During the year 1903 a forty-year-old Detroiter named Henry Ford,
having left the employ of the littleDetroit Automobile Company
with the idea of going into the manufacturing business for himself,
designed and built a big and powerful racing car. Why did he do
this? He had no great interest in speed; his idea was quitedifferent: he wanted to make a small, light serviceable vehicle.The
reason he built a racing car was that he wanted capital, and to
attract capital he had to have a reputation, and in those days when
automobiles were thought of as expensive playthings in which the
rich could tear noisily along the dusty roads, the way to get a
reputation was to build a car that could win races. (Frederick
Lewis Allen, The Big Change; New York: Harper, 1952, p. 109)
8/8/2019 Summary Writing2
20/22
Summary 1:
According to Frederick lewis Allen, Henry Ford built his first
automobile, a powerful racing car, in order to gain a reputation with
the wealthy as an automobile builder. Once he had attracted capital,
he would build the kind of car he wanted to build: a small, practical
one. (The Big Change; New York; Harper, 1952, 109)
Summary 2:
In 1903 Henry Ford built a big and powerful racing car. He didn't want
to do this; instead he wanted to build a small, sensible car. But in
order to get the capital he needed, he first had to have a reputation, so
he cleverly built the racing car to get the attention of the rich andfamous people who drove cars like that and had the money to invest
in building them (The Big Change; New York: Harper, 1952, 109)
A. Summary 1 is the better summary.
B. Summary 2 is the better summary.
8/8/2019 Summary Writing2
21/22
The early sagas spoke, too, of the abundant fruit of excellent
quality growing in Greenland, and of the number of cattle that
could be pastured there.The Norwegian settlements were
located in places that are now at the foot of glaciers.There are
Eskimo legends of old houses and churches buried under theice.The Danish Archaeological Expedition sent out by the
National Museum of Copenhagen was never able to find all of
the villages mentioned in the old records. But its excavations
indicated clearly that the colonists lived in a climate definitely
milder than the present one. (Rachel L. Carson, The Sea AroundUs; New York: Oxford, 1951, p. 180)
8/8/2019 Summary Writing2
22/22
Summary 1:
In the past, says Rachel L. Carson, abundant fruit and cattle were
raised in Greenland.There were settlements in places that now would
be at the foot of glaciers. Eskimos tell of houses and churches buried
under the ice, and the Danes found in their archaeological
expeditions that the climate of Greenland was once milder than it is
today (Rachel L. Carson, The Sea Around Us; New York: Oxford, 1951,
180).
Summary 2:
There is evidence that the climate of Greenland used to be milder
than it is today, according to Rachel L. Carson in The Sea Around Us.
Old records tell of colonists successfully raising fruit and cattle and
of villages located where glaciers now stand (New York: Oxford, 1951,
180).
A. Summary 1 is the better summary.
B. Summary 2 is the better summary.
Recommended