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Sugarcane Varieties Identification Guide
Sugarcane Variety Selection is a long process. It may be anywhere from 10 to 12 years before a variety
that arrives in the country as a tiny seed appears as a commercial clone among those that have been in
production for a long time. The selection and introduction of new varieties is done for several reasons
among which are:
A. To increase yields of cane per unit area,
B. To improve the juice quality and amount of sugar produced by unit area,
C. To respond to a disease or pest problem that affects those varieties in production,
D. To introduce varieties with resistance or better tolerance to new diseases that are not yet present
but may soon spread into the area,
E. To suit differences in growing conditions,
F. To diversify the varietal make up to strengthen the production system.
As more varieties become available, variety identification becomes very important for everyone
involved in the production of sugarcane. There are many different botanical descriptors used to
identify a variety. In this guide we are using only the simplest and easiest that can be used for the
identification of our varieties. The illustration below can be useful to identify the location of the
descriptors on the sugarcane plant.
1. Stalk wax All varieties contain stalk wax, this may be
light (if stalk colour is highly visible), moderate (stalk
colour is fairly visible) and extensive (stalk colour is not
visible).
2. Leaf sheath wax None, Light and extensive.
3. Leaf sheath hair None, Light (felt but not seen),moderate (seen but not in large quantities) and
extensive (seen and is in large quantities).
4. Dewlap Colour Same colour as leaf, darker than
colour of leaf, lighter than colour of leaf.
5. Stalk colour The stalks colour represents internodes
from the stalks freshly cut (leaves and wax that have
just been removed from the internode) because the
combined sun and wax can have an impact on the true
stalk colour. Some varieties that express a red or
purple colour do so because of the exposure of the
stalk to the sun.
6. Auricle The appendages of the leaf sheath located on
the opposite side of the ligule. These may be short
pointed, medium pointed, long pointed, short rounded medium rounded, long rounded or a tuft
of hairs.
7. Bud Shape, Size, Habit and Bud Groove.
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CP721312
CP varieties originate at Canal Point, the USDA Sugarcane Field Station in Florida. CP721312 and
CP701133 were introduced into the BSI Variety Selection Programme in the early 1990s. Although
both varieties have been grown at BSI since 1998, only CP721312 was extended into commercial
production. CP721312 is product of cross CP65 -357 X CP56 - 63.
This variety is an early maturing variety and will flower heavily in November. It is suitable for harvesting
in the first term of the crop (December to February) and therefore should only be planted in areas that
are easily accessible during that time.
It is smut resistant but has shown some susceptibility to rust. CP721312 is grows well on all soil types of
Orange Walk and Corozal and performs well in well drained fields.
Tons cane /Ha Tons Cane/Tons Sugar Tons Sugar/Ha Fibre (%)
68.54 7.66 8.79 14.00
Stalks are of medium thickness (1) or perhaps abit more than an inch. Internodes are cylindrical
in a zigzag configuration.
CP721312 is a heavy tillering variety. It tends tolean heavily as it approaches maturity. Perhaps it
may best be described as sprawly.
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The stalk colour is visible through the wax and so
the stalk wax is light. Note that it is heavier at the
node which is normally where it is more abundant.
The leaf sheath also has a light wax which allows
the lighter colour and light purple spots to be
visible. Leaf sheath is moderately pubescent and
its margin are narrow necrotic.
The auricle tends to be very short and rounded on one side with only a tuft of hair on the other.
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The dewlaps or joint triangles are the darker,
thicker wedged shaped areas where the lamina
and leaf sheath connect. In CP721312 the dewlap
is narrow
The bud is small, round with prominent wings. It
is flat and there is no bud groove (a depression on
the stalk that that extends from under the bud
upward along the internode).
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BBZ99129
BBZ99129 was recently introduced as a pre-commercial variety. This means that is under evaluation
under commercial growing conditions. In acre plots strip trial established on Louiseville clays
(Libertad) and harvested at 14 months, BBZ99129 produced 43 tons per acre. In small plot trials the
results were more modest, but age was generally 12 months. This variety does not flower and neither
smut nor rust has been observed.
Cjbrix CjPol Purity (%) Tcts Fibre(%) TCA TSA
21.50 18.97 88.21 8.09 14.63 32.79 4.05
BBZ99129 is easily identified from its canopy. Its leaves are wide and short so that these do not curve
enough to make them lax and therefore maintain a more erect top habit. It is self thrashing but old
leaves dont fall off completely, keeping the stalk hidden.
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The stalks have a bright green colour with a
purplish hue on the younger internodes
The stalk wax is light allowing the stalk colour to come
through albeit a bit lighter.
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The exposed area of the leaf sheath exhibits a purplish hue, visible under light sheath wax. Sheath hair
is visible but very light.
The buds are medium size, rounded with wings,
which are purple on the margin. There is no
bud groove.
Auricles are medium pointed; about 1 cm in length.
The dewlap is olive green tending toward narrow.
Sheath wax is light.
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BBZ99641
BBZ99641, along with BBZ99129 was recently introduced as a pre-commercial variety. Similarly, in
acre plots strip trial established on Louiseville clays (Libertad) and harvested at 14 months, BBZ99641
produced 47 tons per acre. In small plot trials the results were more modest, but age was generally 12months. This variety flowers and neither smut nor rust has been observed.
Cjbrix CjPol Purity (%) Tcts Fibre(%) TCA TSA
22.11 19.38 87.67 7.94 17.01 27.51 3.49
Extensive wax on stalk leaves only
internodes colour is highly visible.
9.5 feet tall canes of 10 months old BBZ99641. The leaves
are narrow and erect, though older ones tend to curve. I is
self thrashing exposing stalks very early in its developemnt.
I presents growth cracks in older internodes, but these are
superficial.
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Extensive stalk wax hides purple colour of
young internode.
The colour turns a bronze brown in older internodes
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The bud is medium flat with a tuft of hair at
the end. It is winged and has the purple
colour present in stalk and leaf sheath.
Auricles are very pronounced ( 2 long) and pointed.
The dewlap is very narrow.
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Pubescence is extensive on leaf sheath. Intenodes are slightly oval across and have a very slight
zigzag arrangement.
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