Studying the effects of environmental conditions on the

INTRODUCTION

Quinoa is an agronomically interesting crop due to the high nutritional value of its seeds and its remarkable capacity to grow and adapt to a wide

range of agroecological conditions1. Despite the importance of developing nutritious varieties to contribute to food security, little efforts have been

made trying to identify the mechanisms responsible for changes in the nutritional properties of the seeds under changing environmental conditions.

RESULTS

CONCLUSIONS

Our results provide new insights into the impact of environmentalfactors (such as temperature, water supply or photoperiod, that variedbetween years) on seed quality (including physiological and nutritionalproperties). Thus, we can conclude that the environmental factorsdetermine:- Seed weight, being 2018 the annuity with heavier seeds.- Seed viability, having 2018 seeds better viability and germinative

rates.- Antioxidants content, which was higher in 2017 and 2019.- Protein content, which was higher in 2018, the annuity with the

lowest yields.

Studying the effects of environmental conditions on the quality of quinoa seedsGranado-Rodríguez, S. [1], Pérez-Romero, L.F. [2], Matías J. [3], Aparicio N.[4], Bolaños L. [1], Reguera, M. [1]

1Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Darwin 2, 28049-Madrid, Spain.2 Universidad de Huelva, Departamento de Ciencias Agroforestales, Dr. Cantero Cuadrado, 6, 21004-Huelva, Spain.

3Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas de Extremadura (CICYTEX), Ctra. A-V, Km372, 06187 Guadajira, 06187-Badajoz, Spain4Instituto Tecnológico Agrario de Castilla y león (ITACYL), Finca Zamadueñas, Ctra. Burgos Km. 119, 47071-Valladolid, Spain

Generally, 2018 presented heavier seeds comparedto 2017 or 2019. Changes were found also amongvarieties, being Puno the lighter variety amongthem.

REFERENCES

1. Abugoch James, L.E. (2009) Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.). Advances in Food and Nutrition Research. 58.

2. Benzie, I. F. F., & Strain, J. J. (1996). The Ferric Reducing Ability of Plasma (FRAP) as a Measure of “Antioxidant Power”: The FRAP Assay. Analytical Biochemistry, 239, 70–76.

Experimental trials:Zamadueñas, Valladolid

The highest quinoa yields were obtained in 2017,and the 2018 showed the lowest. Vikinga showedlarge yield penalties in 2018 and 2019.

Yield (t/ha)Titicaca Vikinga Regalona Puno Q3 Q5

2017 3,06 3,1 2,39 3,25 2,12 3,21

2018 0,79 0,72 0,70 2,29 2,1 0,83

2019 2,72 0,23 2,05 2,25 1,37 2,36

Germination rates weresignificantly lower in 2018compared to 2017 or 2019.

These results were positivelycorrelated with a steepeddecrease in seed viabilityobserved in 2018.

FUNDING

PID2019-105748RA-I00 SI1/PJI/2019-00124 CYTED 119RT0567

Total phenolic content

The phenolic content was significantly higher in 2017 seeds, while 2018 seeds showed lower phenolic contents. Titicaca contained more phenolic compounds and Regalona had fewer.

In general terms, 2018 presented thehighest protein content while 2017showed the lowest.Puno, Titicaca and Q5 were the onlyvarieties showing significantly differentprotein content amongst annuities.

In this study we aim to evaluate the effect that the adaptation to different environmental conditions has on the nutritional profile of quinoa.We analyzed different physiological and nutritional seed´s traits in six different quinoa varieties grown in the field during three consecutive years.

Cultivar

Titicaca

Vikinga

Regalona

Puno

Q3

Q5

Annuity

2017

2018

2019

0

0,5

1

1,5

2

2,5

3

3,5

4

Titicaca Vikinga Regalona Puno Q3 Q5

10

00

se

ed

weig

ht

(g)

2017 2018 2019

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

2017

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

2018

Titicaca Vikinga Regalona Puno Q3 Q5

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

2019

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Titicaca Vikinga Regalona Puno Q3 Q5

Perc

en

to

fvia

ble

seed

s(%

)

2017 2018 2019

0,0

2,0

4,0

6,0

8,0

10,0

12,0

14,0

16,0

18,0

20,0

Titicaca Vikinga Regalona Puno Q3 Q5

FR

AP

va

lue

(m

mo

l F

e2+

/g s

ee

d)

0,0

0,5

1,0

1,5

2,0

2,5

3,0

3,5

4,0

4,5

5,0

Titicaca Vikinga Regalona Puno Q3 Q5

mg

GA

E/g

se

ed

0,00

0,02

0,04

0,06

0,08

0,10

0,12

0,14

Titicaca Vikinga Regalona Puno Q3 Q5

mg

QE

/g s

ee

d

2017 2018 2019

0

5

10

15

20

Titicaca Vikinga Regalona Puno Q3 Q5

Pro

tein

(%

)

2017 2018 2019

Antioxidant capacity (FRAP assay 2)

Seeds harvested in 2018 showed significantly lower antioxidant capacity.Titicaca was the cultivar with higher FRAP value while Puno and Regalona had the lowest.

Total flavonoid content

In general, 2018 seeds had a higher content of flavonoids.Titicaca was the cultivar with the highest flavonoid content while Regalona and Vikinga had lower contents.

Germinative rate

Viability

Seed weight

Protein content