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8/8/2019 Strategies and Incentives for Matching Disabled Workers with Jobs: Lessons for Italy from the United States
1/17
Comparative DomestiC poliCy paper series 09
STRATEGIES AND INCENTIVES FOR MATCHING
DISABLED WORKERS WITH JOBS:lessoNs For italy From tHe UNiteD states
PATRIzIA SAROGLIA
Fellow, Comparative Domestic Policy program
8/8/2019 Strategies and Incentives for Matching Disabled Workers with Jobs: Lessons for Italy from the United States
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2009 Te German Marshall Fund o the United States. All rights reserved.
No part o this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any orm or by any means without permission in writing
rom the German Marshall Fund o the United States (GMF). Please direct inquiries to:
Te German Marshall Fund o the United States
1744 R Street, NW
Washington, DC 20009
1 202 683 2650
F 1 202 265 1662
E ino@gmus.org
Tis publication can be downloaded or ree at http://www.gmus.org/publications/index.cm.
GMF Paper Series
Te GMF Paper Series presents research on a variety o transatlantic topics by sta, ellows, and partners o the German
Marshall Fund o the United States. Te views expressed here are those o the authors and do not necessarily represent the
views o GMF. Comments rom readers are welcome; reply to the mailing address above or by e-mail to ino@gmus.org.
About GMF
Te German Marshall Fund o the United States (GMF) is a non-partisan American public policy and grant-making
institution dedicated to promoting greater cooperation and understanding between North America and Europe.
GMF does this by supporting individuals and institutions working on transatlantic issues, by convening leaders to discuss
the most pressing transatlantic themes, and by examining ways in which transatlantic cooperation can address a variety o
global policy challenges. In addition, GMF supports a number o initiatives to strengthen democracies.
Founded in 1972 through a gi rom Germany as a permanent memorial to Marshall Plan assistance, GMF maintains a
strong presence on both sides o the Atlantic. In addition to its headquarters in Washington, DC, GMF has seven ofces in
Europe: Berlin, Bratislava, Paris, Brussels, Belgrade, Ankara, and Bucharest.
8/8/2019 Strategies and Incentives for Matching Disabled Workers with Jobs: Lessons for Italy from the United States
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Strategies and Incentives orMatching Disabled Workers with Jobs:
Lessons or Italy rom the United States
Comparative Domestic Policy Paper Series
September 2009
Pz S, F, C D P P*
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8/8/2019 Strategies and Incentives for Matching Disabled Workers with Jobs: Lessons for Italy from the United States
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Strategies and Incentives or Matching Disabled Workers with Jobs:
Lessons or Italy rom the United States3
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Executive Summary
8/8/2019 Strategies and Incentives for Matching Disabled Workers with Jobs: Lessons for Italy from the United States
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The German Marshall Fund o the United States4
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Background: U.S. and Italian
Frameworks and Challenges1
8/8/2019 Strategies and Incentives for Matching Disabled Workers with Jobs: Lessons for Italy from the United States
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Strategies and Incentives or Matching Disabled Workers with Jobs:
Lessons or Italy rom the United States5
x 34 I .A I
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The policy framework in theUnited States and Italy
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8/8/2019 Strategies and Incentives for Matching Disabled Workers with Jobs: Lessons for Italy from the United States
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The German Marshall Fund o the United States6
Both the United
States and Italy
are employing new
approaches in
the development
of the next
generation of
policies to help
people with
disabilities
find and keep
a suitable job,
shifting from the
belief that people
with disabilities
are a cost to
employers, to
the belief that
they represent
a resource.
I , A ,
. S U.S.
D
V R (DVR),
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Serving diverse populations: The
open challenges of stigmatization
and fragmentation
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8/8/2019 Strategies and Incentives for Matching Disabled Workers with Jobs: Lessons for Italy from the United States
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Strategies and Incentives or Matching Disabled Workers with Jobs:
Lessons or Italy rom the United States7
The first order
of business is to
match the needs
of the target
population with
the services of
the program,
clearly identifying
the categories of
beneficiaries in
order to design
and tailor the
interventions
speaking about
people with
disabilities is
not enough.
,
.
B z
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. O,
U.S.
, ( ,
, )
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(U.S.) (I)
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Definition of disability and eligibility criteria
integrating people who are unable to work
T A D A
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H, , the real question
is whether or not the various stakeholders of
the programs interpret disability with any
commonality. A xz
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Cultural Locations of Disability (6)
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: that persons with disabilities
cant really work and then proposes programs
to put the disabled back to work. T
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8/8/2019 Strategies and Incentives for Matching Disabled Workers with Jobs: Lessons for Italy from the United States
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The German Marshall Fund o the United States8
The Piedmont
Regional
Government
should set up
a deliberative
public process,
incorporating
people with
disabilities,
experts,
policymakers,
and medical
institutions, to
work on new
eligibility criteria
to add to the
International
Classification
on Functioning
of Health and
Disability (ICF)
currently in use. . I I,
temporary
() permanent().
I , N Y C W,
C A, R E (WCARE) z
:
;
;
; ;
. T
z
/
x -.
T , q j
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BOX 1. A large network of stakeholders in the United States
To give the sense of the variety and the extent of the U.S. network of services consider the following:
Maximus,Inc.hasbeenselectedtoserveastheprogrammanagerfortheTTWprogramandmanagesallthe
900,000ticketssenttobeneficiaries.OneoftheirprimaryresponsibilitiesincludestherecruitmentofEmployment
Networks(EN).1
TheHumanimnonprofitsocialservicesagency,basedinColumbia(MD),isoneoftheoperators,withJohnsHopkins
University,oftheStartonSuccess(SOS)programinBaltimore.TheSOSprogramalsoexistsinPhiladelphia,
supportedbytheMarriottFoundationandtheUniversityofPhiladelphia.SOSinPhiladelphiaisatransitional
programfromschooltoworkforyoungpeoplewithdisabilities.
Humanimisalsoaleaddeveloperofthejust-completedrestorationprojectoftheAmericanBrewerybuildingineast
Baltimore.Humanimspresidentandchiefexecutiveofficersaidtheyhopetoprovidehundredsofneedypeople
withjobtrainingandclinicalsupportforchildrenandadultswithdevelopmentalandbehaviouraldisabilities.Current
plansincludehiring250employeesfromtheimmediateneighborhoodandopeningthe32,000-square-footbuildingtothecommunityforeventsandactivities.
Anothernonprofitorganization,Melwood,anUpperMarlboro,Maryland-basedagency,employsdevelopmentally
disabledadultsfollowingcompletionofaspeciallydesignedtrainingprogram.Theirmostrecentcontractwassigned
withtheU.S.DepartmentofAgriculturetocareforandmaintaintheentiresix-acre PeoplesGardenontheNational
MallinWashington,DC.2
Asafinalexample,theClubhousesofNYC,MadisonandMilwaukee(WI)supportindividualslivingwiththeeffects
ofmentalillness.AsimplemissionsustainstheworkoftheInternationalCenterofClubhouseDevelopment(ICCD):
ThroughparticipationinaClubhousepeoplearegiventheopportunitiestorejointheworldsoffriendships,family,
importantwork,employment,education,andtoaccesstheservicesandsupportstheymayindividuallyneed,
believingthatrecoveryfrommentalillnessispossibleforall.Infact,everyClubhousetriestoenableitsmembersto
returntopaidworkthroughtransitionalandindependentemployment.
1 AccordingtotheSocialSecurityAdministration(SSA)website,anENisanorganizationalentity(Stateorlocal,publicorprivate)thatentersintoacontractwithSSAwiththeintentionofcoordinatinganddeliveringemploymentservices,VocationalRehabilitationservices,
and/orothersupportservicesundertheTickettoWorkProgram,andwhichworkswithbeneficiarieswhohaveassignedtheirTickets
totheENwhichhasacceptedtheTicket.Source:http://www.ssa.gov/work/envr.html#what_is_EN
2 (asreportedbytheWashington Post,April22)
8/8/2019 Strategies and Incentives for Matching Disabled Workers with Jobs: Lessons for Italy from the United States
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Strategies and Incentives or Matching Disabled Workers with Jobs:
Lessons or Italy rom the United States9
The changing
approach of the
latest generation
of American
programs for
people with
disabilities can
be characterized
as work based
on ability vs.
work based
on disability.
I
,
P R G
,
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,
I C
F H D (ICF)
. A ,
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The new approachincentives for
programs to match abilities with jobs
T
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z work based on ability vs. work
based on disability. T
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U.S. , M
W D L D
V R (DVR), x,
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money
in the hands of beneficiaries
.T
SSA ,
outcome-oriented voucher system.
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x
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Incentives for employers instead of penalties
T A
q , I ,
people with disabilities are
resources, not liabilities. I I
, U.S.
z
. T
, x
, x
8/8/2019 Strategies and Incentives for Matching Disabled Workers with Jobs: Lessons for Italy from the United States
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The German Marshall Fund o the United States10
The success
of people with
developmental or
mental disabilities
depends
on a strong
and trusting
relationship
between program
services and
the employers.
, .
T ; ,
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(: $,4). A
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j, j j , W DVR
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G M F U S
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W , W DVR
x
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x
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, z,
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A ,
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. S
,
x
, , .
Targeted interventions for diverse
beneficiaries: Youth and personswith mental disabilities
D U S, I
:
j.
8/8/2019 Strategies and Incentives for Matching Disabled Workers with Jobs: Lessons for Italy from the United States
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Strategies and Incentives or Matching Disabled Workers with Jobs:
Lessons or Italy rom the United States11
Like the Starting
on Success (SOS
program in the
United States, th
Piedmont Region
Government
should attempt
a similar pilot
program in Turin.
W , I
U S,
,
, j. T
.
H,
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j
x , ,
j. F,
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3 U.S. D L (DOL),
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S S A (SSA),
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O-S
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T U I D), x
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W
(144- )
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S (SOS) , 14 P N Oz
D (NOD). SOS
, B P
x A
C. SOS q
. F
,
j
, ,
j .
I , I P
R G
SOS T, -
,
,
q
.
8/8/2019 Strategies and Incentives for Matching Disabled Workers with Jobs: Lessons for Italy from the United States
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The German Marshall Fund o the United States12
People and
policymakers from
both countries
must abandon the
idea that people
with disabilities
inherently
cannot work.
M q : A
?
H , ,
? H
z ? W
(.. x
)
j ? I x q
q?
I U
S
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,
. T A
j
,
, .
Conclusion: Open Challenges2I I U S . P
. T U S
TTW. T
. I I,
,
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T I ,
. T
, .
I U S,
, 15 z,
,
.
I I,
, I
. W
I,
z ,
q
. F, ,
,
.
8/8/2019 Strategies and Incentives for Matching Disabled Workers with Jobs: Lessons for Italy from the United States
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Strategies and Incentives or Matching Disabled Workers with Jobs:
Lessons or Italy rom the United States13
M .
F , I GMF
C D P P :
E P, B R, J S,
Ez W.
I I
A
: D OB T H, S S
A (SSA); R B, J
K, R E C, C B, R
H, M D, S W B
B, U.S. D L, O
D E P (ODEP); K
D, M S D E,
D R S; A I,
A A P D
(AAPD); C T, G L
D S, M P R
(MPR); C L. D, M G, J
DC, W S D W
D; L C W M
D, M V R
C (VRC); J R, W
S D H S, O
I E; C L,
W S D M H S;
M C, P L, K H, L
M C A, W S
D V R; R
F, G A C M; G
M, M Y C; J F. B,
MAXIMUS I.; D R P, M;H P C P T, H,
I.; C S, C S
P; J W D, G P
U A C, D G, CAVS
V S D P;
K A, T P P
D F, P
T U; Sz S, N Y
C F H; M B, H
R A (HRA) C
N Y; M N, FEGS WCARE;
R S-C, A V P,N Y C VRS, G S, W, CSP,
SSI, CRT; C Gzz, CSP & W;
K B, Y J V
R S (VRS) M; M
M, WE ARE C M; P
J-S, C C, K W,
S J, M OB, W M,
A WC.
Acknowledgements3
8/8/2019 Strategies and Incentives for Matching Disabled Workers with Jobs: Lessons for Italy from the United States
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8/8/2019 Strategies and Incentives for Matching Disabled Workers with Jobs: Lessons for Italy from the United States
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Off i c e s
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