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Inclusive Growth, Innovation and Technology:
Interdisciplinary Perspectives
SPRU Dig-IT
Dialogue on Inclusive Growth, Innovation and Technology
Workshop
1 – 2 May 2013, University of Sussex
Report
04 - 07 -13
http://www.sussex.ac.uk/spru/newsandevents/digit-workshop
SPRU Dig-IT
Dialogue on Inclusive Growth, Innovation and Technology
Workshop
Inclusive growth, innovation and technology: interdisciplinary perspectives
Summary
The SPRU Dig-IT workshop, held in May 2013, took place over two days at the University of Sussex campus in Bright-
on and marked the launch of a series of SPRU Dig-IT workshops. The workshop brought up a number of pertinent is-
sues and was well attended with over one hundred and fifty registrations for each day of the workshop. The workshop
was designed to address the gap between studies which focus on innovation and technology (from a Schumpeterian,
evolutionary or STI perspective) and studies that focus on the dynamics of inequality, income distribution and „equity‟.
The workshop succeeded in its aim of bringing together scholars on both sides of the innovation debate, from a multi-
tude of different disciplines and schools of thought, resulting in news sparks and rigour being brought to the debate on
how to achieve growth that is not only „smart‟ but also „inclusive‟. The wide range of views and experience that SPRU
Dig-IT succeeded in bringing to the debate is evidenced in our attached list of speakers and registrations. Our diverse
range of topics covered is evident in the attached programme, original workshop motivation document and bibliog-
raphy of papers presented at the workshop.
Video footage of the workshop is currently being edited and will be available shortly on our website, where you can
also find materials produced from the workshop http://www.sussex.ac.uk/spru/newsandevents/digit-workshop
It is with this success in mind that SPRU Dig-IT aims to continue staging its series of workshops and we thank all our
sponsors for making this a possibility.
Sponsors
The SPRU Dig-IT team would like to extend their gratitude to all the sponsors who contributed to the success of the
workshop. One of our main aims was to make this workshop accessible in order to facilitate a wide range of views
being brought to the debate. Thanks to our sponsors we were able to offer this workshop free of charge, which we
feel helped in achieving our aim of accessibility.
iG4 contributed for travel and accommodation of European Commission attendees.
SPRU at the University of Sussex put forward £3000 towards the costs of the workshop.
The School of Business, Management and Economics put forward £3000 towards the costs of the workshop.
Research themes put forwards £2500 toward the costs of the workshop.
The Steps centre put forwards £1500 towards the costs of the workshop.
SPRU DIG-IT Science and Technology Policy Research
Dialogue on Inclusive Growth and Innovation Technology
Workshop May 1-2 2013 - Motivation
At the simplest level, it is obvious that the standard of living for all of us depends on the achieve-ments of science and technology.
Chris Freeman
We live in a world of increasing income inequalities within countries, and of large income inequality amongst people (Figure 1) and regions of the world (Figure 2). In order to recover economies from the recent recession and to pro-mote more equitable societies, recent economic recovery plans – such as the EC 2020 Strategy, the OECD Innova-tion Strategy or the UK BIS Growth Strategy – have called for growth strategies that are not only „smart‟ (i.e. innova-tion-led) but also inclusive (i.e. people led).
These documents are however very „impressionist‟ on their account of what „inclusiveness‟ means. When we turn to Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) studies for insight, there is little work done on income distribution, inclu-sion, and non-economic inequalities related to growth or wellbeing. STI scholars devote little attention to questions such as the distribution of value, the effect of technological progress on employment, „appropriate technologies‟, ac-cess to technologies, agency, opportunities and capabilities in the innovation process, with respect to „sister disci-plines‟ such as economics, development studies, sociology and anthropology. In turn, these disciplines have a limited focus on technology and innovation. This reduces the scope for the research on inclusive growth, inclusive innova-tion, technology and development. In order to bridge the gap between different branches of STI studies and between STI and other social sciences, in 2012 SPRU – the Science and Technology Policy Research department at Sussex University – established the Dia-logue on Inclusive Growth, Innovation and Technology (DIG-IT) to recast the STI focus on the link between techno-logical change, economic growth and development, income distribution, and wellbeing. The Workshop on Inclusive Growth, Innovation and Technology is a crucial step in this direction. We promote a unique forum for discussion of alternative and interdisciplinary frameworks to improve our understanding of the nexus between innovation, technological change, growth and inequalities within and between regions. The workshop was not intended as a stand-alone initiative, but as the first in a series designed to engage different STI communities – a number of which have representation at SPRU, and with related social sciences – which are extremely well represent-ed at Sussex University (including in SPRU) on the above questions. The workshop was organised along the follow-ing four themes.
Figure 1
Source: Ortiz, I., and M. Cummins, 2011, “Global Inequality: beyond the bottom billion - A Rapid Review of Income Distribution in 141 Countries”, UNICEF Social and Economic Policy Working Paper, Table 1, p. 12.
Figure 2
Source: UNDP & Gapminder, 2005, Human Development Trends 2005, Available at: http://www.gapminder.org/downloads/human-development-trends-2005/
Introduction
Inclusive Growth, innovation and technology: interdisciplinary perspectives
Freeman, C., 2004, “Income inequality in changing techno-economic paradigms”, In: E. Reinert, 2004, Globalization, Economic Development and Inequality: An Alternative Perspective, Chatelham: Edgar Elgar, 243-257, p. 243.
Session 1: Economic growth, technological innovation and inequality
This session addressed mainly economic issues, with questions such as: What is the relation between economic growth, innovation and welfare? How do market dynamics and institutions affect income distribution? How does the trend towards the concentration of capital and production affect innovation and inequality? How are the costs and risks of innovation shared among the people? How is the value added, generated by technology and innovation distributed?
Session 2: The direction and measurement of technological change and inclusiveness
This session looked at issues of direction of technological change and addressed questions such as: How is the direction of technological change related to inclusiveness? How do we measure economic growth, welfare, wellbeing and inequali-ty? How does this reflect on the trade-off between growth and environmental sustainability? How are gains from growth and pains from environmental stress distributed? How is the „direction‟ of technological change managed to promote inclu-sive growth? Is managing this process possible and/or desirable to promote inclusion?
Session 3: Users and producers of technological change: grassroots and social innovation
This session looked at the different „modes‟ of the innovation process (e.g. opened/closed, bottom up/top-down, grass-roots innovations, and social innovation), and addressed questions such as: What is the relation between the different modes of innovation processes and inclusiveness? Are the different modes equal in term of outcomes (e.g. welfare, well-being, equality, inclusiveness)? What is the relation between power over the innovation process and distributional out-comes? How does science contribute to indigenous innovations? What are the effects on development and inclusion? How does innovation in agriculture occur, and when is it sustainable and inclusive?
Session 4: Technological change and development
This session focussed on the dynamics and effects of technological change in low-income countries, and addressed ques-tions such as: How does the direction of innovation affect the direction of development? Appropriate vs. imported technol-ogies. What is the relationship between innovation and technological change, on the one hand, and wealth and poverty of nations („uneven development‟), on the other? Which sectors promote more or less inclusive development and growth? How can innovation be inclusive in resource-intensive development contexts? What is the role of sustainable agriculture in development?
Workshop and contribution formats
The workshop was structured as follows
Invited speakers presented a paper that focused on one of the four themes. Presenters were expected to contribute with
challenging and controversial ideas, to motivate and engage in discussion with participants. Both theoretical and empirical
contributions were encouraged. We also expressed a desire for presenters to relate their Focus to the wider theme.
Invited challengers discussed one of the papers presented and put forward alternative and/or complementary ideas drawn from their own work. Although these were not intended as paper presentations, the challengers were able to compare the discussed work with their own work, where possible. Invited chairs actively engaged with all presentations and discussions at the end of each session. They then lead the floor discussion, and made their own contribution based on the work presented by the speakers and discussants. Each session involved three speakers, three discussants and a chair and lasted approximately 105 minutes structured in the following format:
15/20 minutes for presenter (3 per session); 10/5 minutes for discussant (3 per session); 5 minutes floor discussion; 15 minutes chair discussion of the three papers and floor.
We found this structure successful in enabling discussion and allowing each speaker to present their ideas within the
given time frame.
P.4 P.1
P.2 P.3
Papers presented at the workshop included*,
Bell, M. (2013) „Innovation, participation and inclusive growth: reflections in Latin American and African experience.‟ Preliminary
notes for presentation at SPRU Dig-IT workshop on Inclusive growth, innovation and technology: interdisciplinary perspec-
tives. University of Sussex (May 2013)
Chang, H. (2009) „Hamlet without the prince of Denmark: how development has disappeared from today‟s „development‟ dis-
course.‟ In S. Khan and J. Christiansen (eds.) Towards new developmentalism: market as means rather than master.
Routeledge: Abingdon
Kaplinsky, R. et al. (2013) „Inclusive innovation: an architecture for policy development.‟ Working paper no. 65. The Open Universi-
ty (March 2013).
Smith, A. et al. (2013) „Grassroots innovation movements: challenges and contributions.‟ Journal of Cleaner Production. Elsevier 1-
11
Smith, A. and Ely, A. (2012) „Rio+20 must make inclusive innovation stepping stone to a sustainable future.‟ The Guardian [www]
Poverty matters blog (18th June 2012). Available from: http://www.guardian.co.uk/global-development/poverty-
matters/2012/jun/18/rio20-inclusive-innovation-sustainable-future
Soete, L. (2013) „Innovation, growth and welfare: from creative destruction to destructive creation.‟ Working paper. SPRU Dig-IT
workshop on Inclusive growth, innovation and technology: Interdisciplinary perspectives. University of Sussex (May 2013)
Stirling, A. (2013) „Pluralising progress: from inclusive innovation to innovation democracy.‟ Working paper. SPRU Dig-IT workshop
on Inclusive growth, innovation and technology: interdisciplinary perspectives. University of Sussex (28th March 2013)
*Further papers and material presented at the conference can be found here; http://www.sussex.ac.uk/spru/newsandevents/digit-workshop
List of Invited speakers
Martin Bell - SPRU, University of Sussex
Ha-Joon Chang - Cambridge University
Tommaso Ciarli - SPRU, University of Sussex
Adrian Ely - SPRU, University of Sussex
Elizabeth Harrison - University of Sussex
Jonathan Haskel – Imperial College
Spencer Henson - IDS, University of Sussex
Sir Richard Jolly - IDS, University of Sussex
Raphie Kaplinsky – Open University
Matthias Kollatz-Ahnen - PWC Germany
Matthew Lockwood - University of Exeter
Ben Martin - SPRU, University of Sussex
Mariana Mazzucato - SPRU, University of Sussex
Pierre Mohnen - Maastricht University/UNU-MERIT
Dick Nelson - Columbia University
Caetano Penna - SPRU, University of Sussex
Carlota Perez - TUT/LSE/Cambridge/SPRU
Dinah Rajak - SPRU, University of Sussex
Shyama Ramani - UNU-MERIT and Brunel University
Matias Ramirez - SPRU, University of Sussex
Maria Savona - SPRU, University of Sussex
Ian Scoones - IDS, University of Sussex
Paul Segal - SPRU, University of Sussex
Adrian Smith - SPRU, University of Sussex
Luc Soete - UNU-MERIT
Metka Stare - University of Ljubjana
Frances Stewart - Oxford University
Andy Stirling - SPRU, University of Sussex
Jim Watson - SPRU and UK ERC
Richard Wilkinson - Nottingham/UCL/York
SPRU Dig-IT
Dialogue on Inclusive Growth, Innovation and Technology
SPRU Dig-IT
Dialogue on Inclusive Growth, Innovation and Technology
Roberto Borghi University of Cambridge
Xavier Potau Nunez Technopolis
Andrew Agyei-Holmes Open University, The
Caterina Alacevich Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore
Farah Alkhalisi University of Sussex
Jonathan Alltimes
Rocio Alvarez Tinoco Sussex University
Antonio Andreoni University of Cambridge
Richmond Atta-Ankomah The Open University
Alfonso Avila University of East Anglia
Nuri Erkin Başer Dokuz Eylül University
Alice Bell SPRU
Martin Bell SPRU
Victoria Blessing University of Sussex
Registration list
Gerald Bloom IDS
Alexander Borda-Rodriguez The Open University
Roberto Borghi University of Cambridge
David Botchie The Open University
Kirstin Bretthauer University of Sussex
Robert Byrne SPRU, University of Sussex
Marco Carreras University of Sussex
Youngha Chang SPRU, University of Sussex
Ha-Joon Chang University of Cambridge
Kuang-Yi Chao University of Wroclaw
Jose Christian Brighton University
Tommaso Ciarli SPRU, University of Sussex
Norman Clark Open University
Alex Coad SPRU, Univ Sussex
Paul Connelly United Practices Accountancy Ltd.
Craig Cowley Sussex university
Emily Cox University of Sussex
Philippa Crane SPRU
Edwin Cristancho University of Sussex
Edwin Cristancho-Pinilla University of Sussex
Marcia Daros UNU-MERIT
Julia Day STEPS Centre
Mattia Di Ubaldo University Of Sussex
Yusuf Dirie University of Sussex
Marialuisa Divella SPRU
Richard Duncombe IDPM
Adrian Ely SPRU
Marton Fabok University of Liverpool
Nicolette Fox SPRU
Nick Gallie University of Sussex
Flora Giarracca Technopolis Limited
Young Go IDS
Nicola Grassano SPRU-University of Sussex
Matthew Gross Spru
Puneet Gupta Confederation of Indian Industry
Matt Haikin Aptivate
Daniel Hain Aalborg University
Ungkyu Han Warwick Business School
Ae Jin Han University of Sussex
Elizabeth Harrison University of Sussex
Jonathan Haskel Imperial College
Adeel Hassan SPRU
Attila Havas Institute of Economics, CERS, HAS
Richard Heeks University of Manchester
Spencer Henson IDS
Sabine Hielscher SPRU
Andrej Horvath Technopolis Limited
SeongWoong Hwang SPRU, Sussex University
Michiko Iizuka UNU-MERIT
Adesina Iluyemi Portsmouth Uni
Zsuzsa Javorka Technopolis Limited
bong kyung jeon University of Sussex
Sir Richard Jolly IDS
Leanne Jones DFID
Roman Jurowetzki Aalborg University
Despina Kanellou CENTRIM/UOB
Raphie Kaplinsky Open University
Dimitrios Katsaros SPRU. University of Sussex
Florian Kern SPRU, University of Sussex
Jeong-Hoon Kim Ministry of Science, IT and Future Planning
So Hyung Kim University of Sussex
Matthias Kollatz-Ahnen PWC Germany
Eyad Kouja Sussex university
Oleksiy Kulyk DonNU
Tomoko Kunimitsu Institute of Development Studies
Simon Lambor Ids
Phan Le IDS
Melissa Leach STEPS Centre, IDS, Sussex
NaYeoun Lee SNU
Finbarr Livesey University of Cambridge
Matthew Lockwood University of Exeter
Maria Maestre Mo-rales
IDS
Guilherme Magacho University of Cambridge
Oleksandra Mamedova DonNU
Jose Miguel Marín Universidad Complutense de Madrid
Fiona Marshall SPRU
Eshan Masood Research Fortnight
Mariana Mazzucato Sussex Univ
Rie Minamoto IDS
Ben Martin SPRU
Rachel Masika University of Sussex
Serena Masino Manchester/UNU-WIDER
Pierre Mohnen Maastricht University/UNU-MERIT
Jordi Molas Gallart INGENIO (CSIC-UPV)
Maria Morales IDS
Piera Morlacchi University of Sussex
Yu Nagaiwa IDS
Jose Miguel Natera Marín Universidad Complutense de Madrid
Dick Nelson Columbia University
Cian O'Donovan
Oluyomi Ola-David Covenant University
Elsie Onsongo Friedrich Schiller University Jena
Michael Oyinloye University of Sussex
Theo Papaioannou The Open University
Marcel Paradies SPRU
JoonWoo Park IDS
Hyun sook park IDS
Parimal Patel SPRU
Caetano Penna SPRU
Leisa Perch UNDP
Carlota Perez TUT/ LSE/ Cambridge/ SPRU
Mickael Pero Fraunhofer
Keston Perry Newcastle University
Dimitra Petrakaki University of Sussex
Justin Pickard STEPS Centre
Ana Prieto-Blanco Spru
Anita Quas Technopolis
bob radebe Sussex University
Slavo Radosevic UCL
Ismael Rafols SPRU & Ingenio (CSIC-UPV)
Dinah Rajak University of Sussex
Shyama Ramani UNU-MERIT & Brunel University
Matias Ramirez SPRU
Stephen Reid NEF
Marco Resende University of Cambridge
Rafael Ribeiro University of Cambridge
Veronica Roa SPRU
Igor Rocha University of Cambridge
Joao Romero University of Cambridge
Thiago Santos SPRU University of Sussex
Maria Savona SPRU University of Sussex
Ian Scoones IDS
Ruth Segal SPRU, University of Sussex
Paul Segal University of Sussex
Frank Seidel University of Sussex
Peter Senker University of East London
Jeongseon Seo SPRU
Sangwoo Shin SPRU
Fabricio Silveira University of Cambridge
Beck Smith Campaign for Science and Engineering
Luc Soete UNU-MERIT
Metka Stare University of Ljubljana
Fabio Staude Federal University of Rio de Janeiro
Ed Steinmueller SPRU
Frances Stewart University of Oxford
Andy Stirling SPRU
Paul Stoneman Warwick Business School
Beth Stratford Friends of the Earth
Puay Tang SPRU, University of Sussex
Rachael Taylor SPRU, University of Sussex
Tsegay Tekleselassie University of Sussex
Paul Tod IDS
Elvira Uccello ids
sophie valeix SPRU/STEPS Centre
Philip Vergragt Clark University
Shanila Wahid IDS
Xinfang Wang SCI, and Tyndall Centre
Jim Watson SPRU & UKERC
Rebecca White SPRU, Sussex University
Stephen Whitfield IDS
Richard Wilkinson Nottingham / UCL / York
Werner Wobbe European Commission, DG RTD
Bettina Zenz The Sussex Energy Group
Hammed Roohani sussex
Luis Rosado UNIVERSITY OF SUSSEX
Cristina Rosemberg Technopolis Limited
Suriya Ruangpattana SPRU University of Sussex
Alex Ryabchyn SPRU University of Sussex
Shuan SadreGhazi UN University-MERIT
Tomas Saieg Sussex University
Thomas Salmon University of Sussex
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