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Spirituality and Mental Health Care. Research & Practice Maddy Parkes. Workshop Aims. What is research? Religion and health research - USA Spirituality and mental health research - UK Evidence-based spiritual care interventions Top tips for research. What is research?. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Spirituality and Mental Health Care
Research & Practice
Maddy Parkes
Workshop Aims
What is research? Religion and health research - USA Spirituality and mental health research - UK Evidence-based spiritual care interventions Top tips for research
What is research?
any gathering of data, information and facts for the advancement of knowledge Reading a book, surfing the internet
performing a methodical study in order to prove a hypothesis or answer a specific question methodology, protocol, statistic, evidence base,
What is research?
Clinical trials “gold standard” e.g. drug trials.
Quantitative studies Statistics, numeric evidence
Literature reviews What has already been conducted?
Case Studies & Qualitative studies Descriptive outcome
Research process
Brilliant idea!!!! Background reading Proposal (including scientific protocol:
Background, policy, aims, objectives, methodology, outcome measures, analysis, dissemination)
And then some more!
Ethical approval Recruitment Data analysis Results should implement service change
Challenges
Research
Visible Measurable Available in a fixed
timescale Agreed by all parties Be static Straightforward
categories & definitions
Spirituality
Personal Subjective Ineffable/indescribable Ever-changing Journey Not easily categorised
Needs Evidence-based culture Demand for provision
“I think it was a combination of my GP, the medication and my spiritual life… I think it was the spiritual element that was the glue that held it all together.”
Encouraging results from the USA, different context and need in the UK
Typical Study:USA: Suicide Prevention
Frequent church attendees are four times less
likely to commit suicide than non-church
attendees (Study by Comstock and Partridge, Journal of Chronic Disease 1972)
Of 68 studies, 57 (84%) found positive
correlation between religious attendance and
suicide prevention(Royal College of Psychiatrists, Spirituality and Psychiatry, p.63)
Research in the USA shows:
Recovery time from depression improved by religious interventions (p.135)
Religiously accommodative psychotherapy is at least as effective as secular psychotherapy for depression (p.133)
Disproved: religious content in psychotic delusions results from patient’s being more fundamental or religiously active (p.160)
Studies from Handbook of Religion and Health (Koenig, 2001)
Conclusions from the USA
Between 65% - 85% of studies show positive correlation between religion and:
Increased hope & optimism a sense of purpose & meaning increased self-esteem less depression fewer suicides less substance abuse and dependency less psychosis and fewer psychotic tendencies
Why?
Social benefits: a sense of belonging, sense of community
Psychology of religious coping Trust in God, a sense of ’rightness’ and the security this
gives Law, morals and ethics
Internal levels of control – e.g. the spirit of the divine and/or moral purpose within me helps me to exert my own will and do better.
Sense of meaning Outward looking
UK Research
Mowat Report Literature review
www.rcpsych.ac.uk/college/
specialinterestgroups/spirituality Somerset Spirituality Project/MHF BSMHFT programme
Connection hope worth life death meaning purpose values
humanity journey strength faith harmony
place in the world belief peace wholeness
Providing Effective Spiritual Care Interventions
Discussion groups Quiet/reflection/multi-faith room Spiritual counselling / psychotherapy Links with local faith communities Assessment (therapeutic in itself) Joint working – Occupational Therapy, Art
Therapy
Personal Recovery Scale
I feel a sense of direction and purpose I can love myself I feel thankful for my life I feel valued and accepted I have things to offer other people I feel I have lost my sense of identity I believe in my ability to overcome problems I feel guilty about the way things are
Spiritual Care & Occupational Therapy
Sensory integration – soothe boxes Objects, places, relationships, food, textures
smells
Facilitating deeper conversation Memories, hopes, strengths, weaknesses,
dreams, comfort, purpose
Groups
Reflection and/or discussion groups Inpatient ‘Safe space’ Themes
Spiritual struggles, hopes, forgiveness, love, healing, peace
Faith Communities ~Sikh
Genetic Karma Evil eye Trauma Possession Fate/God’s plan Drugs/alcohol
Prayer Ritual healing Visiting
temple/church Medication Complimentary
therapies Talking therapies
CAUSES TREATMENT
Implementing Research
Staff survey
Literature review anddefinitions survey
American studies& good practice examples
Faith communities survey
Training for clinical staff
PRS
Discussion groups
Service change
Top Tips
It always takes longer than you think The tighter focus the better Work with a team Ensure the project has practical implications Don’t be put off by research ‘elitism’ Involve service users
User-led Research
“knowledge produced by users is likely to be the most authentic, because it reduces the distance between experience, interpretation and knowledge”.
(This is Survivor Research, Sweeney et al 2009)
Conclusion
Evidence based: Large USA specific, sample specific
Borrow and adapt Takes time and money and time What exactly are we measuring?
www.mowatresearch.co.uk/library/publications www.rcpsych.ac.uk/college/specialinterestgroups mparkesnhs@yahoo.co.uk
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