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PizarroPizarro
•Spanish explorer who landed on the western coast of S.A. and conquered the Inca with horses, guns, 200 soldiers
Simon BolivarSimon Bolivar•General who freed the northern parts of South America starting with a revolution in Venezuela
Jose San Jose San MartinMartin
•General who defeated the Spanish in the southern part of South America
European countries European countries colonizing South colonizing South
AmericaAmerica•Spain, Portugal
Products sent from the Products sent from the colonies to Spain colonies to Spain
and Portugaland Portugal
•sugar, silver, gold
Reasons South Reasons South Americans wanted Americans wanted
independenceindependence•wanted to share in the political power and economic power; mestizos and mulattos wanted to be treated better
Models for Models for independence independence revolutionsrevolutions
•American and French revolutions
OAS and its OAS and its goalsgoals•Organization of
American States•Goals: economic cooperation, social justice, equality of people
Changes in South Changes in South American population American population
over timeover time• immigrants from Spain and Portugal
changed the population•most people are mestizos (European
and native) and mulattos (African and European)
•After 1800s accompanied by other immigrants from other European nations
Transportation Transportation CorridorsCorridors
•Definition: a path that makes transportation easier
•Example: Amazon River
Transportation Transportation BarriersBarriers
•Definition: a geographical feature that slows or prevents transportation
•Example: Rain forest, desert, Andes
Natural resources Natural resources exportedexported
• minerals, copper, tin, gold, iron ore, lead, petroleum,
Economic Economic indicatorsindicators
•statistics that show how a country’s economy is doing – literacy rate, life expectancy
UrbanizationUrbanization
•Definition: many people have moved from the countryside to the city
•Factors: growth of manufacturing jobs in the cities, poverty in rural areas, jobs, schools, health services available in cities
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