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South Africa: Apartheid. “Apartness” Afrikaan lang. Policy of the all-white South African govt. to separate, exploit, and dominate various non-white ethnic groups. Definition. South Africa’s Coat of Arms. 1948: National Election Racist, pro-apartheid party. Origins. Policies. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Definition
• “Apartness” Afrikaan lang.
• Policy of the all-white South African govt. to separate, exploit, and dominate various non-white ethnic groups
South Africa’s Coat of Arms
Origins
• 1948: National Election–Racist, pro-
apartheid party
Policies• 2 racial worlds:
– Privileged white minority vs. black majority
• Wealth & luxury• standard of living• Euro society
• lived in poverty• denied facilities & opp’s (ed., housing, jobs)
Racial Categories
European(17%)
Asians & Colored (mixed racial ancestry)(13%)
African(70%)
• Controlled: govt. industry ag. ed military press
• Held: skilled jobs secondary ed
• Couldn’t intermarry
• Denied: white neighborhoods white facilities
Purpose of Apartheid
• Prevent black majority from gaining econ. & political power
Results:• Blacks could not:
– Vote– Access education– Hold high paying/skilled jobs– Travel w/o “pass books”
• Blacks forced to:– Live on “homelands”
• Families separated due to limited employment
Results:• Resistance movements:
– African National Congress– Pan African Congress– Black Consciousness
movement
• Resistance techniques:– Civil disobedience– strikes– boycotts– Non-violent demonstrations
Non-violent demonstration
End of Apartheid?
• 1980’s: govt. began to extend rights to blacks
• 1986: reversed policy
State of Emergency (1986-1989)
• Crushed opposition via:– Mass arrests– Torture– Rigged trials
• Results:– 20,000 arrested
Legal Progress
• 1990: African National Congress (ANC) legalized – Africa’s largest anti-
apartheid party– Leaders released from
prison (Nelson Mandela, imprisoned 30 yrs.)
• Brought about international attention
Overthrow of Apartheid Govt.• 1994: All party elections
– 24 hour long lines
• Results:– ANC captured 63% of vote– Nelson Mandela Pres.
• ANC and other political parties created new const. = END of Apartheid
Obstacles for South Africa
• Creating economic equality for blacks
Khayelitsha, Cape Town
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