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SOIL SURVEY IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC
Milan Sáňka
Centre for Environment and Land Assessment, Ekotoxa, ltd.
CZECH REPUBLIC
NATIONAL-WIDE SOIL SURVEYS
• COMPLEX SOIL SURVEY
• BASAL SOIL MONITORING SCHEME (BSMS)
• AGROCHEMICAL TESTING OF SOILS
• REGISTER OF CONTAMINATED SOILS
• INTEGRATED ADMINISTRATIVE AND CONTROL SYSTEM (IACS)
COMPLEX SOIL SURVEY
•Detailed field survey of the whole agricultural land•Creating areas of land ecology evaluation units (LEEU)•Digitizing maps in the scale 1:5000
Code of LEEU:
3.25.12 climatic region main soil unit
combination of slope and exposition
soil depth and stones content
COMPLEX SOIL SURVEYPURPOSE:Quantification of soil fertility, mainly for economical use (taxes, subsidies, levies)
StructureSTRUCTURE OF THE BASAL SOIL
MONITORING SCHEME
Monitoring system in protected areas(40 MP)
Ministry of environment
subsystem in regular conditions(190 MP)
Subsystem of contam. plots(27 MP)
Act No. 156/98 S.B. on fertilizersin wording of later regulationsDecree No. 275/98 S.B.
in wording of later regulations
Monitoring of agricultural soils(217 MP)
Monitoring of forest soilsIn the framework of ICP forest
Ministry of agriculture
Mapa BMP
Basal soil monitoring program Number of monitoring plots according to soil type
MKS P FAO
RM Dys tric Regos ols 4 0 4P R Calcaric Regos ols 2 0 2RA Rendzinas 5 0 5ČM Chernozems 17 2 19HM Orthic Luvis ols 36 1 37ČA P haeozems 3 1 4S M Greyzems 1 0 1LM Albic Luvis ols 15 2 17KM Cambis ols 62 9 71P G P lanos ols 13 3 16GL Gleys ols 11 0 11FM Fluvis ols 21 8 29KT Anthros ols 0 1 1
190 27 217All plo ts
All plo tsBas ic plotsContaminated
plotsS OIL TYP E
Basal soil monitoring program
Number of monitoring plots according to land use
arable s oil 146 19 165gras s land 29 5 34orchards 6 0 6vineyards 5 0 5hop gardens 4 3 7
All plots 190 27 217
LAND US E Bas ic plotsContaminated
plotsAll plo ts
Sampling scheme on a monitoring plot
2
no. 1 no.. 2 no.. 3 no. 4
individual sampling to get four composite samples
25 m
40 m
soil pit
Basal soil monitoring programSetting the soil characteristics
Unrepeated parameters monitored at establishing the monitoring plot• recording of the identification information of a monitoring plot• soil pit description• analyses of physical parameters (complete analyses of disturbed and undisturbed soil samples)
Parameters monitored in six years period• active and exchangeable soil reaction• contents of available nutrients - P, K, Mg, Ca analysed by several methods• contents of microelements (B, Mo, Mn, Zn, Cu, Fe) • sorption capacity (S, T, V)• organic matter content (Cox )• risk element contents in nitric acid (As, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, V, Zn) and aqua regia (Al, As, Be,
Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, P, Pb, V, Zn) extraction and total Hg content
Yearly monitored parameters• content of mineral nitrogen• chosen microbiological and biochemical parameters • contents of selected organic pollutants (persistent organochloric pesticides, PCB, PAH)• contents of risk elements in plants on contaminated plots
Prve k Horizont ge om.průmě r me dian minimum maximum ge om.průmě r me dian minimum maximumO 1,14 1,16 0,27 4,02 1,24 1,25 0,53 3,55P 1,22 1,25 0,20 3,52 1,31 1,33 0,44 3,52O 0,25 0,28 0,12 5,94 0,27 0,27 0,05 4,21P 0,16 0,12 0,12 4,89 0,18 0,18 0,05 4,57
O 38,10 38,50 11,40 433,90 34,57 34,40 10,20 535,70P 38,85 39,50 6,20 525,70 36,26 36,60 7,70 556,70O 11,92 12,40 2,30 45,60 9,56 9,80 1,90 30,10P 12,47 12,70 2,60 57,10 10,08 10,30 1,70 42,40O 19,35 19,80 5,60 92,70 17,88 18,80 4,20 98,40P 17,73 18,90 4,20 64,40 16,74 17,20 2,50 63,10
O 22,65 23,90 5,90 173,00 19,78 21,90 4,70 255,60P 24,95 26,50 5,30 236,10 21,52 23,20 3,50 270,50O 25,90 24,90 7,10 237,40 20,63 20,40 7,30 169,00P 19,20 18,90 5,30 244,10 15,58 15,40 3,10 161,00O 48,99 49,10 15,70 275,10 42,07 41,50 13,80 193,90P 49,95 49,80 10,30 251,00 44,25 43,70 9,40 195,50O 79,48 78,20 25,90 718,20 63,03 62,00 19,00 558,70P 72,58 73,90 26,10 568,20 58,53 58,90 6,20 580,50
1992 1995
Be
Cd
Cr
Co
Cu
Ni
Pb
V
Zn
Basal soil monitoring programDescriptive statistics for the contents of risk elements in plough layer and subsoil
P
0,0
500,0
1000,0
1500,0
2000,0
2500,0
3000,0
A B C A B C A B C A B C A B C A B C
průměr medián 95% průmě r medián 95%
základní s ubs ys tém s ubs ys tém kont ploch
m g .kg -1 K
0,0
5000,0
10000,0
15000,0
20000,0
25000,0
A B C A B C A B C A B C A B C A B C
průmě r medián 95% průměr medián 95%
základní s ubs ys tém s ubs ys tém kont ploch
m g .kg -1
Ca
0,05000,0
10000,015000,020000,025000,030000,035000,040000,045000,0
A B C A B C A B C A B C A B C A B C
průmě r medián 95% průměr medián 95%
základní s ubs ys tém s ubs ys tém kont ploch
m g .kg -1 Mg
0,05000,0
10000,015000,020000,025000,030000,035000,040000,045000,0
A B C A B C A B C A B C A B C A B C
průmě r medián 95% průmě r medián 95%
základní s ubs ys tém s ubs ys tém kont ploch
m g .kg -1
Basal soil monitoring programDistribution of nutrients in soil profile
Basal soil monitoring programDistribution of risk elments in soil profile
Pb
0,0100,0200,0300,0400,0500,0600,0700,0800,0900,0
A B C A B C A B C A B C A B C A B C
prům ě r m e diá n 95% prům ě r m e diá n 95%
zá kla dní s ubs ys té m s ubs ys té m kont ploch
m g .kg -1 V
0,020,040,060,080,0
100,0120,0140,0160,0180,0
A B C A B C A B C A B C A B C A B C
prům ě r m e diá n 95% prům ě r m e diá n 95%
zá kla dní s ubs ys té m s ubs ys té m kont ploch
m g .kg -1
Zn
0,0
100,0
200,0
300,0
400,0
500,0
600,0
700,0
800,0
A B C A B C A B C A B C A B C A B C
prům ě r m e diá n 95% prům ě r m e diá n 95%
zá kla dní s ubs ys té m s ubs ys té m kont ploch
m g .kg -1 Cd
0,0
1,0
2,0
3,0
4,0
5,0
6,0
A B C A B C A B C A B C A B C A B C
prům ě r m e diá n 95% prům ě r m e diá n 95%
zákla dní s ubs ys té m s ubs ys té m kont ploch
m g .kg -1
Pb - POLLUTED AREAS
01
23
45
67
8
15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 60 70 80 90 100 120
140 160
180 200
220 240
třídy v mg.kg-1
če tnos t
ornice
podornič í
Pb - STANDRD CONDITIONS
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
15 25 35 45 60 80
100
140 180 220
třídy v mg.kg-1
če tnos t
ornice
podornič íHistograms for
distribution of lead in plough layer and
subsoil – comparisonof standard conditions
with network in polluted areas.
Statistical results of soil monitoring program: Contents of PCBs
1998 1999 2000
plough l. subsoil plough l. subsoil plough l. subsoil
ug.kg-1 arit. mean 4.80 3.33 4.79 3.22 7.00 3.30
median 2.60 1.50 2.43 1.90 1.50 1.50
max. 33.65 32.05 54.30 35.30 82.20 28.91
Statistical results of soil monitoring program: Contents of PAHs in soil(ug.kg-1)
1997 1998 1999 2000 plough l. subsoil plough l. subsoil plough l. subsoil plough l. subsoil
ug.kg-1 arit. mean 986,3 433,3 693,6 454,5 928,6 642,5 1066,6 591,7 median 667,4 322,8 583,7 306,3 558,4 276,1 594,6 256,7 max. 6085,1 1185,4 2410,5 2285,8 9488,8 7081,3 6834,1 3519,2
Statistical results of soil monitoring program: Contents of organochloricpesticides in soil (ug.kg-1)
PLOUGH LAYER HCB DDEo, p´ DDEp, p´ DDDo, p´ DDDp, p´ DDTo, p´ DDTp, p´
ug.kg-1
arit. mean 2,26 1,60 24,6 1,65 4,61 35,7 81,3 median 1,74 < 1 5,83 < 1 1,35 12,2 53,5 max. 9,94 25,7 388 18,5 40,2 369 467
SUBSOIL HCB DDEo, p´ DDEp, p´ DDDo, p´ DDDp, p´ DDTo, p´ DDTp, p´
ug.kg-1
arit. mean 1,59 1,05 15,4 1,29 2,77 22,7 46,7 median < 1 < 1 2,68 < 1 0,87 7,50 29,5 max. 17,5 11,7 274 10,1 24,0 248 285
Basal soil monitoring programContents of PCB in plough layer on soil monitoring plots – comparison of
sampling 1997, 98, 99
PAH - ornice
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
20
01
20
03
29
01
29
02
29
03
29
04
29
05
30
17
30
23
39
01
40
23
40
24
49
01
49
02
49
03
50
05
50
17
59
01
59
03
59
05
60
19
60
24
69
03
70
30
70
45
79
01
79
02
79
03
79
04
80
08
80
10
80
19
80
21
80
26
89
01
89
02
89
03
89
04
89
05
89
06
Bu
kač
ka
Děv
ín
Kro
uže
k
Po
rážk
y
Stu
d. h
ora
čísla (názvy) pozorovacích ploch
µ g.kg-1
199719981999
pozorovací plochy Bazálního monitoringu půd CHÚ
6085 42459489 5884
AGROCHEMICAL TESTING OF SOIL
According to legislation – payed by stateThe purpose is to inform farmes on the state of nutrients in the soil Carried out only by certified organizationsAnalysed pH value and bioavailable content of P, K, Mg, CaRepeated in the period of six years on the whole area of agricultural soilOne composite sample consists of min. 30 individual samples from the area of 7-10 ha
Numbers of analysed samples and description statistics of the Registerof contaminated sites database. (2M HNO3 extraction).
Arithmetic mean
Geometric mean
Median Element No. of
samples mg.kg-1
Be 16677 0,472 0,418 0,430 Cd 40441 0,238 0,190 0,190 Co 22310 5,602 4,993 5,000 Cr 40452 7,100 4,978 4,600 Cu 36209 8,531 7,295 7,100 Hg 32477 0,105 0,082 0,080 Ni 35123 6,042 4,665 4,700 Pb 40478 18,647 15,499 14,900 V 20507 10,867 9,564 9,570 Zn 36257 19,385 16,619 16,000
Register of contaminated sites
prveke lement
lehké půdy s andy s o ils o s tatní půdy o ther s o ils lehké půdy s andy s o ils o s tatní půdy o ther s o ils0,40 1,00 0,30 0,45
Maximálně přípus tné ho dnoty (vyhl. 13/94S b.) Navrhované preventivní hodnoty Pro pos ed precautionary limit valuesMaximum admis s ible values (Decree No . 13/94 S .B.)
Cd (mg .kg -1)
Register of contaminated sites
prveke lement
lehké půdy s andy s o ils o s tatní půdy o ther s o ils lehké půdy s andy s o ils o s tatní půdy o ther s o ils0,40 1,00 0,30 0,45
Maximálně přípus tné ho dnoty (vyhl. 13/94S b.) Navrhované preventivní hodnoty Pro pos ed precautionary limit valuesMaximum admis s ible values (Decree No . 13/94 S .B.)
Cd (mg .kg -1)
Register of contaminated sites
prveke lement
lehké půdy s andy s o ils o s tatní půdy o ther s o ils le hké půdy s andy s o ils o s tatní půdy o ther s o ils40,00 40,00 20,00 25,00
Maximálně přípus tné hodnoty (vyhl. 13/94S b.) Navrho vané preve ntivní hodnoty Pro pos ed pre cautio nary limit valuesMaximum admis s ible value s (Dec ree No . 13/94 S .B.)
Cr (mg .kg -1)
Register of contaminated sites
prveke lement
lehké půdy s andy s o ils o s tatní půdy o ther s o ils le hké půdy s andy s o ils o s tatní půdy o ther s o ils40,00 40,00 20,00 25,00
Maximálně přípus tné hodnoty (vyhl. 13/94S b.) Navrho vané preve ntivní hodnoty Pro pos ed pre cautio nary limit valuesMaximum admis s ible value s (Dec ree No . 13/94 S .B.)
Cr (mg .kg -1)
Registr-internet
source- content bioavailability risk
chemical speciation
SOIL POLLUTION: relation of source – risk
microbiotafood chaingroundwaterpolicy, developmentanimalshumansplants
pHCECredox potentialformtexture……
Risk management
time, climate, anthropogenic activity
CZECH LPIS BASIC DESCRIPTION
• homogeneous geodatabase covering the whole country (finished June 2002)
• based on b&w aerial orthophoto maps (1998-2001)• direct consultations with 20.000 farmers (2000-2002)• physical blocks according to natural boundaries• internal block boundaries - block units (farmer’s blocks)• unique blocks coding based on national co-ordinate
grid• land use type, farmer’s ID, irrigation code, organic
farming code, agri-envi characteristics• information about stables and farm locations
Czech LPIS Quick Look 1/3
PRAHA
AUSTRIA SLOVAKIA
Czech LPIS Quick Look 2/3
SLOVAKIA
Czech LPIS Quick Look 3/3
Czech LPIS Detailed View
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