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Social Interaction
5 types of social interaction1. Exchange:
–Receiving in return for an action
–Reciprocity – (owe someone)–Exchange theory
• People are motivated by self-interest
• When cost of interaction outweighs benefit – end relationship
5 types of social interaction
2.Competition–Multiple people try to attain a
goal only one can–Can be positive or negative
5 types of social interactionConflict
–Deliberate attempt to control the will/actions of another
–4 sources: Georg Simmel• Wars• Groups• Legal disputes• ideology
What is the difference between competition and conflict?
Think of an example of conflict that has existed in:
- family- school- U.S.- world
5 types of social interaction4. Cooperation
–Working together to achieve a goal that will benefit many
5. Accommodation–Balance between cooperation
and conflict
Forms of AccommodationCompromiseTruceMediationArbitration
“Cooperation and accommodation is good;
competition and conflict are bad.”
Types of Social Interaction
Exchange Competition
ConflictCooperation
Accommodations
Formal Organizations
Formal Organization = large, complex secondary group
What is a bureaucracy?Bureaucracy – ranked group
structure…operates according to specific rules and procedures
“Everyone who has ever dealt with a bureaucracy seems to have complaints about them. Why is that?”
If everyone has complaints about bureaucracies, why do they exist?–Most efficient way for large
numbers of people to achieve specific goals
Weber’s Model
Division of laborRanking of authorityEmployment based on
formal qualificationsRules/regulationsPromotion
Division of labor
Work is divided among specialists–Various positions
–Specific duties
Ranking of authority
Clear cut lines of responsibility
Each individual reports to supervisor at a higher level
Employment based on formal qualifications
Specific qualifications are given for each job
Individuals hired on basis of tests, education and/or experience
Rules/regulations
Objective rules, regulations, and routine procedures–Exact responsibilities &
authority of each person on the staff
Promotion
Clear-cut linesRemain with the organization
= job security & seniority
List as many bureaucracies as you can think of that exist in American society.
What problems exist in some of these organizations?
Arguments against bureaucracies
Self-Continuance..goals of individuals lost
Red TapeOligarchyParkinson’s Law
–Work expands to fill time available for completion
Rationalization
When every aspect of human behavior becomes subject to measurement
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