Social Beliefs and Judgments Chapter Three. Explaining others Attribution Theory –Dispositional...

Social Beliefs and JudgmentsSocial Beliefs and Judgments

Chapter ThreeChapter Three

Explaining others

• Attribution Theory– Dispositional vs. situational attributions– Inferring traits– Commonsense attributions– Information integration

Explaining others (cont.)

• The fundamental attribution error (FAE)

• Explaining the FAE– Perspective and situational awareness

• The actor-observer difference

• Time effects

• Self-Awareness

– Cultural differences

The FAE (cont.)

• How fundamental is the FAE?– Is it really that bad or is it just a bias? – Correspondence bias - seeing behavior as

corresponding to an inner disposition– Effects of fundamental attribution

• Socially

• Politically

• Legally

Constructing interpretations and memories

• Perceiving and interpreting events– The subjectivity of perception

• Belief perseverance– Persistence of one’s initial conceptions

Constructing interpretations and memories (cont.)

• Constructing memories– Reconstructing past attitudes– Reconstructing past behavior– Reconstructing our experiences

• The “misinformation effect”

• Priming

Judging others

• Intuition

• Judgmental overconfidence

• Heuristics– Representative heuristic– Ignoring base-rate information– The availability heuristic

Judging others (cont.)

• Illusory thinking– Illusory correlation– Illusion of control

• Mood and judgment

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Self-fulfilling beliefs

• Teacher expectations and student performance

• Getting from others what we expect

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