Small Hydro Power Plants_1

SMALL HYDRO POWER PLANTS

PT. BUMI INVESTCO ENERGIHOLDING OFFICE : JL. PENJERNIHAN RAYA NO. 38 JAKARTA PUSAT, INDONESIA

The Concept of Hydropower

Potential Energy(Mass of water located at a higher elevation)

Kinetic Energy(Water flows as a result of the mass being at a higher elevation)

Mechanical Energy(Flowing mass of water turns a turbine runner)

Electric Power in Kilowatts (kW)(Turbine runner turns a directly coupled generator.)

Advantages of Small hydro

Limited investment

Short gestation period

Environment friendly

Pollution free

Simple civil work

Minimum operation and maintenance cost

Operational flexibility

Types Of Schemes

Run of the River

Dam Toe

Canal Based

Run of the River Plant

Run-of-the-river schemes normally utilise the head and

discharge of hilly streams, which uses water within the range of

the natural river flow and generally has no reservoir or pondage

to regulate the river flow. The components may include,

Diversion weir; Intake structure and desilting chamber; Water

conductor system; Fore bay with surplus escape; Penstock;

Power house; Tailrace channel; Switchyard & transmission

arrangement.

Dam Toe Based Plant

Dam toe power house utilises the head of an existing irrigation

dam/barrage. These scheme have a relatively big reservoir that

stores water in the rainy season and release it in the dry season.

Canal Based Plant

Schemes on the canal falls are located on existing or proposed

irrigation channels utilising the canal discharges and head

created by falls, to generate power. Two or three falls could be

combined and aggregate heads utilised in a single power house.

Head, Discharge and Output

Typical LayoutsPelton Machine

Typical LayoutsFrancis Machine

Typical Layouts

Vertical Francis Turbine(Head range 30m-100m)

Vertical Kaplan Turbine(Head range 2m -30m)

Typical LayoutsSiphon Machine

During starting of the machine, air trapped between HWL and TWL is taken out with the help of vacuum pump and water flow is established, thus the turbine starts rotating.

For low head (1.5 to 4 m) schemes Vertical Siphon intake Kaplan turbines are used for discharge up to about 45 cumecs.

The construction features of turbine is very much similar to the basic Kaplan type of turbine with adjustable guide vanes and runner blades except that the intake is of siphon type and a vacuum breaking / air admission device is added.

Assessment Study

Data Collection (Basic Reference Materials)

Topographic maps (Minimum Requirement) Detailed maps with a scale of at least 1/50,000 Landform, location of villages, slope of river, catchment area of proposed site, access

Rainfall data Monthly and annual rainfall data of adjacent areas Isohyetal maps

Hydrological data (Minimum Requirement) River discharge data from the adjacent areas

Socio-economic information

Others Climate map Distribution line map Existing proposal from local government and residents.

Hydrological Data and Flow Prediction

Flow Prediction Using Area-Proportion Method. If there is an existing measuring station along the same basin of the potential

sites, we can translate the river flow data at the measuring station to that at the potential sites.

QA= AA/ AE×QE

Planning aspects –Hydro-Meteorological Investigation

For Canal drop and Dam toe hydroelectric schemes:

Historical data on hydrology & other information to be gathered from the project authorities.

At least two years discharge data (observed) is required for small hydro.

Geological Investigation

Minimum geological investigation for medium and high head

schemes :

Diversion structures

Power channel

Penstock

Power house

CLEAN ENERGY 7.5 MW SMALL HYDRO POWER

PLTM HIJRAH

Introduction to PLTM Hijrah

Background:

1. Located at Desa Hatonduhan, Aek Bontar, Tanah Jawa, Simalungun(Est. 45 km from Pematang Siantar, 3.5 hours from Medan )

2. Concession coverage area +23 HA on Indonesian Government Land (Approval from local gov’t & Minister of Forestry)

3. Average water capacity to run the power plant 4 m3 /s .4. Elevation from penstock to power house + 265 M (Nett Head)5. Power plant Installed Capacity 9 MW6. Source of water from Sungai Silau which is running over the

area of Simalungun Forest

PROSES PEMBANGUNANPLTM Hijrah

Proses Pembangunan PLTM Silau-2

Penentuan Lokasi Desk Studiy(Peta Bakosurtanal, ASTER GDEM, 30 years Rain fall data, etc.) Site Identification (Preliminary Survey) » Result : Pre FS Detail Survey (Topography, Hydrology, Geology, Electricity, etc.) Feasibility Study » Result : Technical and Commercial Feasibility

Proses Administrasi Permits : Kabupaten, Provinsi, Pusat Contractual : PLN Region » Proposal, MoU, KKO/KKF, Permits etc. » Result : PPA

Pendanaan 70 – 80 % loan from Bank/other financial institutions 20 – 30 % Equity Financial Proposal start with at least FS and MoU, with PLN

Konstruksi Pre Construction Process : DED and Contractors/Vendors Selection Site Construction

DIAGRAM ALIR PEMBANGUNANPEMBANGKIT LISTRIK TENAGA AIR

TAHAP SITE IDENTIFIKASI(+ 2 Minggu)

Lingkup :1. Peninjauan Lapangan a. identifikasi scheme PLTM b. pengukuran awal debit c. pengukuran awal head2. Pencapaian Lokasi3. Perkiraan potensi4. Re-evaluasi analisis finansial.5. Kondisi Kelistrikan di sekitar Lokasi.

TAHAP DETAILEDENGINEERING DESIGN ( + 6 bulan)

Lingkup :1. Survey Detail Lapangan a. topografi b. geologi dan geoteknik c. hidrologi d. kelistrikan e. Sosial Ekonomi & Lingkungan2. Analisis Perhitungan 3. Perancangan Teknis Terinci untuk pekerjaan Sipil, Mechanical dan Electrical 4. Penyusunan gambar pelaksanaan untuk pekerjaan Sipil, Mechanical dan

Electrical5. Penyusunan Spesifikasi pelaksanaan

untuk pekerjaan Sipil, Mechanical dan

Electrical6. Penyusunan Cost estimate7. Penyusunan UKL/UPL8. Presentasi UKL/UPL di daerah

Catatan :1. Waktu 6 bulan dapat dipenuhi bila musim kemarau berada pada awal tahap ini.

TAHAP CONSTRUCTION( 12 sampai dengan 18 bulan)

Lingkup :1. Persiapan 2. Konstruksi bangunan sipil3. Konstruksi bangunan elektro - mekanik4. Pengujian

Catatan :1. Konstruksi bisa dilaksanakan sendiri atau ditenderkan.2. Pada tahap ini, tim disain dapat bekerja sebagai Construction management/supervisi.

PENDANAAN

Proses Pendanaan :

Dimulai sejak selesai FS dan ada MoU dgn PLN Pengajuan Pinjaman 70-80% dari estimated EPC Cost Equity terdiri dari 20-30% EPC cost+IDC+Development

cost Akad Kredit/Loan Agreement setelah PPA First Drawdown setelah kontrak dengan

Contractor+Vendor Financial Closing umumnya 12 Bulan setelah PPA

Langkah Antisipasi

Desk Study Melakukan studi awal dengan cermat , dengan melibatkan tenaga ahli Memiliki beberapa alternatif lokasi PLTM (ada pilihan) Lokasi dengan Potensi terbaik (Output tinggi & EPC Cost rendah)

Construction Memilih konsultan untuk FS dan DED yang berpengalaman Pemilihan Vendor dan subkontraktor untuk pelaksanaan konstruksi

dengan melibatkan tenaga ahli sipil dan E/M Memperbanyak tenaga pengawas dan supervisor Bangunan Utama dikerjakan secara paralel Mencegah potensi-potensi longsor dengan penghijauan dan teknologi

antisipasi longsor lainnya Lebih Cepat Lebih Baik

BANGUNAN BANGUNAN PLTMCLEAN ENERGY 7.5 MW SMALL HYDRO POWER

WEIR (BENDUNG)

WEIR LONG SECTION

WEIR (BENDUNG)

Berfungsi untuk menaikkan elevasi muka air yang akan masuk ke saluran intake

WEIR (BENDUNG)

Berfungsi untuk menaikkan elevasi muka air yang akan masuk ke saluran intake

INTAKE

LONG SECTION CROSS SECTION

33 CLEAN ENERGY 7.5 MW SMALL HYDRO POWER

WATERWAY

Jalur waterwayCLEAN ENERGY 7.5 MW SMALL HYDRO POWER

Jalur waterway

HEADPOND

LONG SECTION

CROSS SECTION

Headpond

Berfungsi untuk mengumpulkan dan menenangkan air sebelum dialirkan masuk ke saluran tertutup pipa penstock atau pipa pesat

HEAD PONDCLEAN ENERGY 7.5 MW SMALL HYDRO POWER

PENSTOCKAdalah Pipa bertekanan atau pipa pesat yang mengalirkan air dari Bak Penenang ke Power House

Pipa Penstock

Adalah Pipa bertekanan atau pipa pesat yang mengalirkan air dari Bak Penenang ke Power House

Pipa Penstock

Pipa pesat-PenstockCLEAN ENERGY 7.5 MW SMALL HYDRO POWER

Bagian rawan longsorCLEAN ENERGY 7.5 MW SMALL HYDRO POWER

Kondisi Extrim Rawan Longsor

Kondisi Extrim

POWER HOUSE

POWER HOUSESECTION

Power House Adalah Rumah Pembangkit

yang merupakan lokasi jatuhnya air dari pipa penstock untuk memutar turbin, yang mengeluarkan output listrik sesuai dengan tinggi jatuh dan debit air. yang tersedia

POWER HOUSE Adalah Rumah

Pembangkit yang merupakan lokasi jatuhnya air dari pipa penstock untuk memutar turbin, yang mengeluarkan output listrik sesuai dengan tinggi jatuh dan debit air. yang tersedia

Ruang Panel

Generator & TurbinCLEAN ENERGY 7.5 MW SMALL HYDRO POWER

JALAN AKSES

Jalan Akses

Jalan hantar untuk mencapai lokasi aktifitas di daerah kawasan tersebut

Jalan Akses Jalan hantar untuk mencapai lokasi

aktifitas di daerah kawasan tersebut

JARINGAN TRANSMISI

PLTM Hijrah

NO PLTM DAYA KW KETERANGAN1 HIJRAH 2 X 4500 Sudah beroperasi

2 KARAI -1 2 X 5000 PPA dengan PLN

3 AR-RAHMAN 2 X 3350 Proses pembangunan

4 KARAI – 12 2 X 3000 PPA dengan PLN

5 AN-NUR 2 X 4150 Proses pembangunan

PROYEK PLTM YANG SUDAH BEROPERASI DAN SEDANG PROSES PEMBANGUNAN

DESKRIPSI UMUMPLTM SILAU-2 PLTM KARAI-13 PLTM KARAI-7

* Lokasi Desa Buntu Turunan – Kecamatan Hatonduhan – Kabupaten Simalungun Sumatera Utara99°07’30”BT & 02°22’15”LSSungai Silau

Desa Kariahan Usang – Kecamatan Raya – Kabupaten Simalungun Sumatera UtaraN-03°04’55,2”LU & E-98°47’46,8”BTSungai Karai

Desa Pasir Melayu – Kecamatan Silau Kahean – Kabupaten Simalungun Sumatera Utara98°47’46,8”BT & 03°04’55,2”LUSungai Karai

* Owner PT. Bersaudara Simalungun Energi (BSE)

PT. Global Hidro Energi (GHE) PT. Global Karai Energi (GKE)

* Kapasitas 2 x 3750 KW 2 x 4150 KW 2 x 3350 KW

* Elev. DPL 710 s/d 720 m’ DPL 700 s/d 715 m’ DPL 380 s/d 425 m’ DPL

* Tinggi Head 250 m’ 173,61 m’ 83 m’

* Debit air 3,83 m3/det 5,96 m3/det 10,15 m3/det

* Kondisi sampai saat ini

Sudah produksi sejak Desember 2010

During construction/Tahap Pembangunan (progress s/d saat ini diatas 35,00%

During construction/Tahap Pembangunan (progress s/d saat ini diatas 17,50%

URAIAN TEKNISPLTM HIJRAH PLTM KARAI-13 PLTM KARAI-7

* Bendung Lebar Bendung 16,5m’Tinggi mercu 3m’Konstruksi Pasangan Batu dan Beton Bertulang (type OGEE)

Lebar Bendung 30 m’Tinggi 5m’Konstruksi Pasangan Batu dan Beton Bertulang (type OGEE)

Lebar Bendung 21 m’Tinggi 5m’Konstruksi Pasangan Batu dan BetonBertulang (type OGEE)

* Water-way Panjang 2400 m’Lebar 2,6 m’Tinggi 2 m’i (kemiringan) 0.0007Konstruksi Pasangan Batu Kali

Panjang 3900 m’Lebar 1,20 m’Tinggi 1,70 m’i (kemiringan) 0,0009Konstruksi Beton Bertulang K.225

Panjang 2500m’Lebar 1,3 m’ – 4,0m’Tinggi 2,3m’I (kemiringan) 0,0004 – 0,00006Konstruksi Beton bertulang K-225

* Headpond Panjang 26 m’Lebar 12 m’Tinggi 3 m’Konstruksi Pasangan Batu Kali dan Beton Bertulang K.225

Panjang 26m’Lebar 12m’Tinggi 3,40m’Konstruksi Beton Bertulang K.225

Panjang 33 m’Lebar 15m’Tinggi 3,70m’Konstruksi Beton Bertulang K.225

* Penstock Diameter Pipa Baja 1,4 mTebal 9mm, 16mm & 20mmPanjang 433m’Konstruksi Pendukung Pasangan Batu Kali & Beton Bertulang

Diameter Pipa Baja 1,30m’Tebal 13mm – 19mmPanjang 579,40m’Konstruksi Pendukung Rangka Baja Trestel

Diameter Pipa Baja 1,95m’Tebal 9mm - 14mmPanjang 434m’Konstruksi pendukung Rangka BajaTrestel

* Power House

Luas Bangunan 240 m2Turbin PELTONKonstruksi Rangka Baja dan Beton Bertulang K.225

Luas Bangunan 576m2Turbin Francis dengan horizontal shaftKonstruksi Rangka Baja dan BetonBertulang K.225

Luas Bangunan 1035m2Turbin Francis dengan horizontal ShaftKonstruksi Rangka Baja dan BetonBertulang K.225

* Jalan Access 15 KmKonstruksi Jalan Lapis Underlaagh

18 KmKonstruksi jalan Lapis Underlaagh

3 KmKonstruksi Jalan Lapis Underlaagh

SKETSA LOKASIPLTM HIJRAH PLTM AN NUR PLTM AR RAHMAN

FOTO – FOTO DOKUMENTASIPLTM HIJRAH PLTM AN NUR PLTM AR RAHMAN

BENDUNG

FOTO – FOTO DOKUMENTASIPLTM SILAU - 2 PLTM KARAI-13 PLTM KARAI-7

BENDUNG

WATER-WAY

HEADPOND

PENSTOCK

POWER HOUSE

ACCESS ROAD

Thank You

Small Hydro Power Plants_1

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