View
227
Download
6
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
SITE PLANNING
Angelica N. Francisco, EnP
April 9-10, 2016
CHE Multi Purpose Hall
Short Course on Environmental Planning
DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc.
1
Short Course on Environmental Planning
DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc.
SITE
• Any area which has played a significant role in the history of
our country.
• Such significance may be:
• Historical
• Cultural
• Archaeological
• Sociological
• Scientific
2
• SITE - A space or ground occupied or to be occupied by a building or a concentration of building developments or human activities that fall under the same land use category;
• Through site planning, a site is made suitable for building purposes, human activities, or life sustaining processes;
SITE PLANNING
3 Short Course on Environmental Planning
DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc.
• A site for human activities (production and consumption) may be divided into lots, street pattern, and provided with such facilities as water, sewer, power, drainage, etc.
• Every site is a unique interconnected web of things and activities that imposes limitations and offers possibilities.
• A SITE (“Project Area” or “Planning Area”) varies in size, location and characteristics.
SITE PLANNING
4 Short Course on Environmental Planning
DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc.
5
“
„
The art of arranging structures on the land
and shaping the spaces between; an art
linked to architecture, engineering,
landscape architecture and city planning.”
- Site Planning by Kevin Lynch
SITE PLANNING
Short Course on Environmental Planning
DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc.
6
SITE PLANNING
“
„
The art and science of arranging the uses of
portions of land. These uses are designated in
detail by selecting and analyzing sites, forming
land use plans, organizing vehicular and
pedestrian circulation, developing visual form
and material concepts, readjusting the existing
landforms by design grading, providing proper
drainage, and developing the construction
details necessary to carry out the projects
- A Guide to Site and Environmental Planning, 1980 by Harvey Rubenstein
Short Course on Environmental Planning
DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc.
7
SITE PLANNING
“
„
Physical Planning is the art and science of
ordering the use of land and siting of buildings
and communication routes to secure the
maximum practicable degree of economy, social
amenities, convenience and aesthetics. It
involves the following components: physical,
social, and economic/administrative
- UAP Document 203-d Physical Planning Services
Short Course on Environmental Planning
DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc.
Short Course on Environmental Planning
DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc.
There are two methods of establishing a site:
1. Site Selection Process
• The process selects from a list of potential sites one that suits
best the given use and requirements of the project.
2. Development Suitability Process
• This process selects the best possible use and development
suited for a given site.
8
SITE PLANNING
Short Course on Environmental Planning
DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc.
Geomorphology Land forms, soil properties (composition, soil texture,
bearing capacity, stability, erosion/ erodability, fertility)
Topography Elevation, slope
Hydrology Surface and ground water, drainage, aquifer recharge
areas, depth to seasonal water table
Geology Seismic Hazards, depth to bedrock
Climate Wind, solar orientation, humidity
Vegetation Plant communities, specimen trees, exotic invasive
species
Wildlife Endangered of threatened species and habitats
A. NATURAL FACTORS
9
SITE PLANNING
Short Course on Environmental Planning
DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc.
Existing Land Use Ownership of adjacent property, off-site nuisances
Legal Land ownership, land use regulations, easements and
deed restrictions
Circulation Vehicular and pedestrian circulation on or adjacent to site,
traffic volume, street function (arterial, collector)
Density and Zoning Legal and regulatory controls
Socio-economic factors and sensory (noise, odor, visual quality)
Utilities Sanitary, storm-water, water supply, power supply, and
communications
History factors Historic buildings, landmarks, and archeology
B. CULTURAL FACTORS
10
SITE PLANNING
Short Course on Environmental Planning
DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc.
SITE PLANNING
Natural Features
Spatial Patterns Spaces and sequences
Visual Resources Views
C. AESTHETIC FACTORS
11
Soil Types and Drainage
“Good drainage” refers to the soil‟s ability to transfer gravity water downward, and that the soil is not conducive to prolonged periods of saturation.
“Poor Drainage” is when the soil is frequently or permanently saturated and may have water standing on it. This maybe caused by local accumulation of surface water, or rise in the level of groundwater within the soil because because the soil particles are too small to transmit infiltration
‣ Infiltration capacity: rate at which water penetrates the soil surface (cm/hr or inches/hr) ‣ Permeability: rate at which water within the soil moves through a given volume of material (cm/hr or inches/hr) ‣ Percolation: rate at which water is absorbed back by soil ‣ Porosity: capacity of soil or rock to hold water; ratio of the volume of void spaces in a rock or sediment to the total volume of the rock or sediment.
12
Hydrology
Hydrology: the science that studies the waters of the earth, their occurrence, circulation and distribution, their chemical and physical properties, and their reaction to the living environment
•Intense rainfalls promote highest rate of soil erosion
13 Short Course on Environmental Planning
DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc.
•Aquifer: permeable geological stratum/formation that can both store and transmit groundwater in significant quantities
•Watershed: geographic area of land bounded by topographic features and height of land that captures precipitation, filters & stores waters to a shared destination; this is important in water quality and stormwater management
14
Hydrology
Climate
Four types: cold, temperate, hot arid & hot humid.
Topography, surface materials, plant cover, location of structures, and presence/absence of water have striking impact on the microclimate
Solar orientation
Best-facing slopes
Wind flows
15
Climate
Albedo: characteristic of a surface; fraction of total radiant energy of a given wavelength incident on a surface reflected back by that surface
Passive Cooling: technology of cooling spaces through proper siting of structure and use of energy-efficient materials, with the overall objective of energy conservation
Climate and Green Building 16
Slope
Relatively Flat/ Level to Nearly Level 0-3%
Easy Grades 4-6%
Moderately Undulating to Steeply Sloping 7-14%
Steep 14-18%
Not alienable and disposable > 18%
Rolling to Hilly 18-30%
Hilly to Mountainous 30-50%
Mountainous & Excessively Steep 50% & up
17 Short Course on Environmental Planning
DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc.
Slope and Angle of Repose
Angle of Repose: the maximum angle at which any earth material can be safely inclined and beyond which it wall fall.
Soil Stabilization Techniques
19
Slope Analysis
An analytical process made on a topographic
map that produces an overall pattern of slopes,
to help the planner determine the best uses for
various portions of the site, along with the
feasibility of construction.
LAND USE MIN MAX OPTIMUM
Housing Sites 0% 20-25% 2%
Playgrounds 0.05% 2-3% 1%
Public Stairs - 50% 25%
Lawns (Mowed) - 25% 2-3%
Septic Drainfields 0% 15%
Paved Surfaces
Parking Lots 0.05% 3% 1%
Sidewalks 0% 10% 1%
Streets and Roads - 15-17% 1%
20 mph - 12%
70 mph - 4%
Industrial Sites
Factories 0% 3-4%
Parking 0.05% 3%
Slope Requirements* for various Land Uses
* Requirements vary 20
A map is a graphical representation of a place or particular phenomena or themes in an area
General Map shows a complex of physical and cultural features ‣ Base Map: shows the legal lines (boundaries, easements), utilities, roads, paths, ‣ Vicinity Map: study area in relation to the province/region or important reference points/radius of influence ‣ Aspect Map: shows a particular information needed for analysis purposes; derived from original thematic maps and is a translation/interpretation of base data into customized categories such as severe flooding, severe erosion, steep slopes, etc.
MAPS
21 Short Course on Environmental Planning
DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc.
Thematic Map depicts a single feature, represents a single them or subject
‣ Topography Map ‣ Climate ‣ Hydrogeology ‣ Slope ‣ Soil ‣ Land Classification ‣ Infrastructure ‣ Cadastral ‣ Land Values ‣ Population Density
MAPS
22 Short Course on Environmental Planning
DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc.
Analytical Map is a synthesis of two or more variables/thematic maps
‣ Erosion Potential ‣ Flooding Hazard ‣ Land Capability ‣ Soil Suitability ‣ Development Constraints
MAPS
23 Short Course on Environmental Planning
DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc.
Data-Gathering
Site Selection & Analysis
‣ Site Selection Process: selects a site that suits best the given use and
requirements of the project; based on an established criteria
‣ Development Suitability Process: selects the best use and
development suited for a given site; site analysis using various tools
and procedures
‣ Site analysis involves studying the site in terms of various factors,
namely: (1) natural; (2) cultural; (3) aesthetic
‣ In site analysis, it is important to gather existing data about the site
and its immediate environs. This involves site reconnaissance, data-
gathering/research, and even surveys.
SITE PLANNING PROCESS
24 Short Course on Environmental Planning
DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc.
Organizing Circulation
Developing Visual Form and Material Concepts
‣ Image of a City
Readjusting landforms
‣Site Characteristics and Engineering Principles
SITE PLANNING PROCESS
25 Short Course on Environmental Planning
DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc.
Data-Gathering
Site Selection & Analysis
‣ Site Selection Process: selects a site that suits best the given use and
requirements of the project; based on an established criteria
‣ Development Suitability Process: selects the best use and development
suited for a given site; site analysis using various tools and procedures
‣ Site analysis involves studying the site in terms of various factors,
namely: (1) natural; (2) cultural; (3) aesthetic
‣ In site analysis, it is important to gather existing data about the site and
its immediate environs. This involves site reconnaissance, data-
gathering/research, and even surveys.
SITE PLANNING PROCESS
26 Short Course on Environmental Planning
DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc.
Organizing Circulation
Developing Visual Form and Material Concepts
‣ Image of a City
Readjusting landforms
‣Site Characteristics and Engineering Principles
SITE PLANNING PROCESS
27 Short Course on Environmental Planning
DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc.
Short Course on Environmental Planning
DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc.
SITE PLANNING – DESIGN PROCESS
Kevin Lynch outlines an eight-stage site planning cycle that
includes the following:
1. Defining the problem
2. Programming and the analysis of site and user
3. Schematic design and the preliminary cost estimate
4. Developed design and detailed costing
5. Contract documents
6. Bidding and contracting
7. Construction
8. Occupation and management
28
Short Course on Environmental Planning
DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc.
SITE PLANNING
John Simond’s Planning-Design Process
29
Short Course on Environmental Planning
DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc.
1. Research (pre-project phase)
• Program Development
• Site Inventory
2. Analysis (site assessment)
• Site Analysis and Site Inventory (survey)
3. Synthesis
• Conceptual Design
• Preliminary Design
• Site Plan / Master Plan
General Activities of the
Site Planning-Design Process
30
Short Course on Environmental Planning
DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc.
Site Location Existing Conditions • Topography and Slopes
0-2% - Most developable 2-8% - Easily accommodates most categories of development 8-16% - Some development restrictions; upper limits for roads and walks 16-24% - Significant restrictions to most development 24%+ - Generally restricted for development
• Geology and Soils • Vegetation • Hydrology and Drainage • Microclimate • Views
1. Research and Analysis Phases
31
Short Course on Environmental Planning
DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc.
• The development of the program is the bridging step between the analysis and synthesis or design phases.
• Kevin Lynch defines the program as composed of the four “P’s”:
• “Population” refers to the actual user who may or may not be the client per se.
• “Packaging” involves the type and quantities of elements that will be provided in the design.
• “Performance” standards set the quality of elements expected, whether in terms of materials or function.
• “Patterns” refer to general physical relationships that should be achieved.
2. Program Development
32
Short Course on Environmental Planning
DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc.
• As Simonds explains, in developing the program the designer responds to the client’s initial statement of intent, modified on the basis of what he/she has learned at the end of the analysis phase.
• While the analysis is based upon a basic program concept, the potential of the site for development influences the planner’s ultimate program recommendations. The program should include: a. A statement of goals that the project should achieve. b. A list of project objectives by which these goals will be accomplished. c. A list of project elements that will be included and a description or analysis of their interrelationships.
2. Program Development
33
Short Course on Environmental Planning
DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc.
A. Conceptual Design
B. Preliminary Design
C. Site Plan/ Master Plan
D. Design Implementation
3. Synthesis (Design Phase)
34
Sequence in Producing a Site Plan
Client wants to develop a site
Technical team assembled
Key Issues Identified Alternative Site is
examined
Discussion with local planners
Site inventory Present and future
users needs Site Potential
Assessed
Environmental Policies
Alternative Development
Concepts examined
SITE PLAN approval sought by client
Design and management briefs
developed
35
Short Course on Environmental Planning
DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc.
SITE PLANNING
Site planning, then, is the organization of the external physical environment to accommodate human behavior. It deals with the qualities and locations of structures, land, activities, and living things. It creates a pattern of those elements in space and time, which will be subject to continuous future management and change. The technical output – the grading plans, utility layouts, survey locations, planting plans, sketches, diagrams, and specifications, are simply a conventional way of specifying this complex organization.
36
Short Course on Environmental Planning
DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc.
SITE SELECTION CHECKLIST
• Site characteristics – soil conditions, ground water and drainage,
slope, elevation,
• Availability of services – availability of sanitary and protective
services, removal of waste, power, fuel, and communications
• Availability of community services – public transportation facilities,
employment, stores, and markets, schools, churhes, recreation
facilities, parks, playgrounds, medical facilities, library
37
Short Course on Environmental Planning
DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc.
• Livability of site – types of buildings, density of development
• Costs – land costs, development costs, building costs, utility costs
• Maintenance and operating costs – utility costs, grounds
maintenance, taxes
• Marketability
• Appearance and general character – kinds of building, design of
exteriors, condition of buildings, grounds and streets
38
SITE SELECTION CHECKLIST
39
Site
Reconnaissance
Checklist SURROUNDING AREAS
Short Course on Environmental Planning
DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc.
Site
Reconnaissance
Checklist THE SITE
40 Short Course on Environmental Planning
DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc.
41
Data Requirements
and Possible
Sources
Short Course on Environmental Planning
DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc.
• Site Planning occurs after Strategic Planning has taken place
and after the land use has been decided in relation to social,
economic, and environmental needs.
• Site planning is an integral part of land use planning that
involves the arrangement of structures, natural or man-
made, on the land and shaping the spaces between.
• “Site Planning” involves planning for a smaller urban area
already defined for commercial, residential, industrial,
recreational, or mixed use development.
SITE PLANNING
43 Short Course on Environmental Planning
DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc.
• Site planning determines the detailed layout of an area so that
it functions effectively in relation to a given range of land uses
on the site and others around it.
• Site planning is working out the detail of:
1) what should happen on a given area of land;
2) how it should happen;
3) what it will cost to implement and manage proposed
developments on the area of land.
SITE PLANNING
44 Short Course on Environmental Planning
DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc.
• While land use planning deals with broad policy areas on land
use utilization, site planning focuses more on the intimate
relationship between man and space and between building
and space.
• Site Planning is viewed as a natural extension of land use
planning
SITE PLANNING
45 Short Course on Environmental Planning
DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc.
“Site Planning” involves planning for a smaller urban area already defined for commercial, residential, industrial, recreational, or mixed use development.
While land use planning deals with broad policy areas on land use utilization, site planning focuses more on the intimate relationship between man and space and between building and space.
Site planning determines the detailed layout of an area so that it functions effectively in relation to a given range of land uses on the site and others around it.
Site planning is working out the detail of:
• 1) what should happen on a given area of land;
• 2) how it should happen;
• 3) what it will cost to implement and manage proposed developments on the area of land
Site Planning References include PD 957, BP 220, HLURB Guidelines, National Building Code, LGU Ordinances and CLUP Handbooks
‣ Density: the intensity of development; Floor-Area-Ratio is one measure/control of density; FAR= total building GFA/lot area
‣ Easement: building setback
‣ Building Height
SITE PLANNING AND LAND USE PLANS
46 Short Course on Environmental Planning
DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc.
• Land use planning deals with broad policy areas on land
use utilization, while site planning focuses more on the
intimate relationship between man and space and
between building and space.
• Site Planning is viewed as a natural extension of land use
planning
• In the overall development planning process, site planning
occurs after land use planning has taken place or after
the land use has been decided in relation to social,
economic, and environmental needs.
SITE PLANNING AND LAND USE PLANS
47
Short Course on Environmental Planning
DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc.
AREA DEVELOPMENT PLANNING
• provides an important link between the Physical Framework Plan and Site Planning for the individual projects
• provides a detailed framework for decisions on Proposals contained in the Long Range Plan for functional areas of the territory.
• was originally focused on „economic development‟ but now encompasses „environmental sustainability,‟ „social viability,‟ „cultural vitality,‟ and „design/architecture‟.
48
Data/Information Description
A. Geo-physical Environment
1.0 Land Characteristics
1.1 Geography Indicate relative and absolute location of the site and its boundaries with respect
to other plots. A base map or topographic map should be provided to show
boundaries of the site.
1.2 Geology and Geomorphology Describe the major geologic structures/faults, land formations, rock outcrops and
the relative bearing capacity of the surface and sub-surface materials to carry the
weights of structures. Indicates the slope stability, landslide potential, hazard
potential, and areas within and along fault lines.
1.3 Topography, Slope, Aspect,
Elevation
Indicate all man-made physical changes on the project area‟s surface such as
bldgs., roads, etc.; shows degree of inclination of a given area, expressed in
percentage rise of land relative to its ground distance.
1.4 Drainage, Tributary Patterns,
Catchment Area
Describe the types of drainage pattern and drainage density. Indicates the name
and location of catchment basins in the area on a map.
1.5 Land Classification & Regulatory
Status
State the legal classification of the land (i.e., A&D land or classified and
unclassified forest) and discusses the regulatory status of areas with lease or
permits (e.g., reforestation agreements). The land status can be shown on a
map. 49
AREA ECOLOGICAL PROFILE
Data/Information Description
1.6 Land Use Describe the current land uses within and around the project area and the extent of
coverage. Can be presented on a map.
1.7 Vegetative Cover Describe the current vegetative cover including the number of species, location
and density. Can be shown on a map.
1.8 Mineral Resources Locate mineral deposits and mining sites.
1.9 Soils Indicate the types of soil, their characteristics and area of coverage. Indicates the
basis for capability classification (i.e. natural characteristics, soil type, existing land
use, degree of soil erosion, etc.)
1.10 Disaster Prone Areas Discuss the natural hazards within and around the project area based on available
historical eruption, floods and droughts. Can be presented in map form.
2.0 Water Characteristics
2.1 Location and Size of Surface
Resources
Indicate the important surface water resources within and around the site.
Includes location and extent of lakes, reservoir, rivers, irrigation canals, and
wetlands. These are best presented using a map.
2.2 Marine/Coastal Resources Provide information on the coastal and marine resources of the area such as
mangroves, coral reefs, sea grasses, and aquaculture resources.
2.3 General Groundwater
Information
Provide information on the water table, location of wells and springs, aquifer
recharge and discharge rates, groundwater yield and groundwater. 50
AREA ECOLOGICAL PROFILE
Data/Information Description
2.4 Water Use and Regulation Describe the observed water usage of springs, wells, and surface waters within
and around the site by the local population, i.e., bathing, washing, irrigation,
fishing, recreation, etc.
2.5 Surface Water/Stream
Condition
Discuss the importance of the watershed as a source of water, or deterrent
against flooding, etc.
2.6 Prevailing Tidal Fluctuations Discuss the prevailing tidal fluctuations in the area. Indicates location of any
tide gauging stations.
B. Biological Environment
1.0 Vegetation/Flora Describe the terrestrial and aquatic vegetation according to species
composition, population densities and distribution, species diversity, distribution
f vegetation types, standing crop, etc.
2.0 Fauna Describe the terrestrial and aquatic fauna according to species, population
densities and distribution, species diversity, productivity, etc.
C. Socio-Cultural Environment
2.0 Quality of the Urban or Rural
Setting
Discuss in detail the existing general setting where the site is situated to assess
the impact of any site development especially in a well-established settlement
pattern where potential problems may arise due to the introduction of the new
development. People‟s perceptions especially about the existing quality of life
within the area should be recorded for future reference. 51
AREA ECOLOGICAL PROFILE
Data/Information Description
3.0 People living in and
Around Project Area
Discuss the behavioral settings around the project area including the people who live around the
project area, the number of structures around the project area and their approximate age,
condition and the way they are laid out.
4.0 History of the project area Discuss the historical transformation of the site from the point of view of its changing landscape
and significance. Indicates historical objects or sites of interest on or near the site.
5.0 Land ownership and
Planning controls
Discuss legal control over the use of the land and how they might affect the site as well as the
land immediately adjacent to it. Incorporate legal mandates (i.e., regulations on densities, FAR,
open land retention, parking, etc.) or restrictions on what may be built on the site.
6.0 Landmarks Discuss distinct features, natural or man-made, which stand outs from the general scene or are
remembered by people.
7.0 Landscape Character Discuss the landscape character or visual attributes within and around the project area especially
those that cannot be controlled such as mountains, or the community‟s cultural heritage and the
way the people have used or maintained the land within the constraints of their local
environment. Discusses the factors that operate to keep the landscape looking as it does.
8.0 Views Discusses the natural and man-made elements, patterns, textures and colors within and around
the project area which could be preserved, enhanced or screened.
9.0 Power and Utilities Utility trunks and distribution lines for electricity, water, drainage, sewerage
10.0 Roads and Access Major transport channels and the areas serviced by them
52
AREA ECOLOGICAL PROFILE
•“Clustered Development” is a masterplan
that integrates commercial, residential, and
other compatible mixed uses
•Characteristics
–quality exterior design; architecturally
compatible structures
–located along an arterial roadway and
transit corridor and near commercial
center, community, or employment
centers
CLUSTERED DEVELOPMENT
53 Short Course on Environmental Planning
DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc.
–minimal negative impact on surrounding
properties
–separation and screening between
buildings so that residents will enjoy
privacy in their living units
–building heights, noise, traffic and other
development-related impacts are
adequately mitigated to protect adjacent
property development
CLUSTERED DEVELOPMENT
54 Short Course on Environmental Planning
DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc.
–also provide for non-motorized and
pedestrian circulation, access and
facilities.
–substantial ground level landscaping
and buffering, preservation of natural
areas, substantial stands of trees.
Landscaping should be a substantial
element of the total exterior appearance,
creates an interesting and inviting
environment for residents, and softens
the appearance of concrete structures.
CLUSTERED DEVELOPMENT
55 Short Course on Environmental Planning
DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc.
–Has a variety of recreational facilities
•Many newer residential developments
on suburban fringes are planned and built
as complete neighborhoods by private
development companies
CLUSTERED DEVELOPMENT
56 Short Course on Environmental Planning
DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc.
• “Planned Unit Development (PUD) is an
integrated development scheme
wherein project site is comprehensively
planned as a unitary entity such that
innovations in site and building design
merit flexibility in zoning category, usually
suspension of standard zoning and its
replacement by negotiated agreements
with the LGU.
PLANNED UNIT DEVELOPMENT
57 Short Course on Environmental Planning
DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc.
• A PUD requires a comprehensive
development plan for the entire area,
usually including residences, roads,
schools, recreational facilities and service
areas, plus commercial, office and
industrial areas, building siting,
complementarity of building types and
land uses, usable open spaces and the
preservation of significant natural land
features designed within the context of
balance ecology.”
PLANNED UNIT DEVELOPMENT
58
• The purpose of PUD is to provide property owners the
flexibility to plan for the development of their land in a manner
that clusters new homes onto small lots while preserving large
areas for agricultural use or as undeveloped open space.
• PUD provisions can specify the percentage of land that
should be set aside (not subdivided into building lots or
developed).
• The minimum set aside is typically 40% or more of the original
parcel.
PLANNED UNIT DEVELOPMENT
59 Short Course on Environmental Planning
DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc.
• PUD standards may include requirements for easements
and/or deed restrictions to prevent additional development.
• Municipalities can require a management plan for open
spaces or natural areas to be held in some form of common
ownership.
PLANNED UNIT DEVELOPMENT
60
CLUSTERED DEVELOPMENT
masterplan that integrates commercial, residential & other compatible mixed uses
characteristics
‣ quality exterior design; architecturally compatible structures
‣ located along an arterial roadway and transit corridor and near commercial center, community, or employment centers
‣ minimal negative impact on surrounding properties
‣ separation and screening between buildings so that residents will enjoy privacy in their living units
‣ building heights, noise, traffic and other development-related impacts are adequately mitigated to protect adjacent property development
‣ also provide for non-motorized and pedestrian circulation, access and facilities.
‣ substantial ground level landscaping and buffering, preservation of natural areas, substantial stands of trees. Landscaping should be a substantial element of the total exterior appearance, creates an interesting and inviting environment for residents, and softens the appearance of concrete structures.
‣ Has a variety of recreational facilities
‣ mostly new residential developments on suburban fringes are developed as complete neighborhoods by private developers
PUD
integrated development scheme wherein a project site is comprehensively planned as a unitary entity such that innovations in site and building design merit flexibility in zoning category, usually suspension of standard zoning and its replacement by negotiated agreements with the LGU
requires a comprehensive development plan for the entire area, usually including residences, roads, schools, recreational facilities and service areas, plus commercial, office and industrial areas, building siting, complementarity of building types and land uses, usable open spaces and the preservation of significant natural land features designed within the context of balance ecology.”
•density bonuses
•purpose of PUD is to provide property owners the flexibility to plan for the development of their land in a manner that clusters new homes onto small lots while preserving large areas for agricultural use or as undeveloped open space.
Clustered vs Planned Unit Development (PUD)
61
• Municipalities can be creative and use density bonuses as
a “carrot” to promote a range of community goals and
increase use of PUD provisions.
• A density bonus of 1.0% for every additional 0.5% of the
original parcel set aside as undevelopable above the
minimum 40% set aside required
PUD and Density Bonuses
62 Short Course on Environmental Planning
DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc.
• To encourage clustering and conserving large blocks of
undeveloped lands, density bonuses are linked to the
percentage of the original parcel being set aside. The more
land the subdivider is willing to conserve, the greater the
bonus received.
• The density bonus results in more lots or units than would
otherwise be allowed based on zoning district regulations.
PUD and Density Bonuses
63 Short Course on Environmental Planning
DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc.
Movement of people and vehicles within
the site
Information on existing circulation
patterns is critical in order to minimize, if
not eliminate, potential increase in the
level of congestion, traffic hazards, and
other inconveniences related to the
proposed development
Traffic hazards are associated with high
speed, heavy circulation and dangerous
roads and intersections
CIRCULATION
65
Vehicular Circulation should have
adequate width and slope to
accommodate anticipated number
and types of vehicles
Pedestrians should be wide enough to
accommodate two-way traffic
Road hierarchy helps define zones
‣ Road Right-of-Way (RROW):
carriageway + sidewalk/s
Traffic Impact Analysis
CIRCULATION
66 Short Course on Environmental Planning
DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc.
Short Course on Environmental Planning
DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc.
STREETS
• Practical minimum distance between intersections on the
major arterial highway should be 250 to 300 meters.
• NO through streets should be provided
• All circulation should be directed around the periphery of
the development to the major arterial road.
• Each land of traffic will carry from 600 to 800 cars per
hour.
67
Short Course on Environmental Planning
DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc.
STREETS
• Horizontal alignment of all collector, minor, loop and access
streets – minimum of 60 feet in clear distance
• Vertical alignment should not exceed a grade differential of
6 to 8 percent.
• Sidewalks when used should be a minimum of 1.20 m wide.
• When trees are planted between the curb and the sidewalk
should be set back approximately 8 feet.
• If no trees are used the setback should be 1.20 m.
68
Image: Peter Calthorpe
• Walkability is improved through
increased connections and
shorter street segments.
• On street parking reduces the
need for large surface parking
lots.
• Traffic is dispersed, with more
options for planning your route.
• The grid is transit and bicycle
friendly.
A street grid provides
many advantages:
STREETS
69
Short Course on Environmental Planning
DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc.
TYPES OF STREETS
Major Roads or
Major Arterials
Secondary Roads or
Minor Arterials
Collector Streets
Local Streets
Cul-de-sac
70
National Building Code:
1 slot per 8 living units (less than 50 m2)
1 slot per 4 units (50-100 m2)
1 slot per unit (>100m2)
MACEA guidelines (Makati): 1 slot per 100
m2 GFA
OCA guidelines (Ortigas): 1 slot per 90 m2
Parking Related Laws and Regulations
National Building Code (NBC)
The Subdivision and Condominium Buyer‟s Protective Decree (PD 957)
72 Short Course on Environmental Planning
DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc.
Site Planning FOR A SAMPLE RESIDENTIAL
DEVELOPMENT
73 Short Course on Environmental Planning
DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc.
74 Short Course on Environmental Planning
DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc.
Site Planning FOR A SAMPLE RESIDENTIAL
DEVELOPMENT
READING ASSIGNMENTS:
• National Building Code
• PD 957 and BP 220
• HLURB enhanced guidebook
• UDHA (RA 7279)
• Water Code (PD 1067)
75 Short Course on Environmental Planning
DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc.
REFERENCES:
• “Site Planning and Analysis” Retrieved from
http://www.rri.wvu.edu/webbook/mcbride/section3.html
• “Introduction to Site Planning” Muhammad Salaha Uddin, Khulna University of Engineering &
Technology. Retrieved from
http://www.kuet.ac.bd/webportal/ppmv2/uploads/1403705050lecture_01.pdf
• Rye, D.S. Lecture notes on Site Planning
• Cultural Attributes in Site Planning PPT
• Art of Site Planning PPT
• Ekistics Site Planning and Urban Design PPT by A. Cadavos
• “Site Planning” Retrieved from http://www.slideshare.net/xthianescala/site-planning-kevin-
lynch
• Ces Orquina. Settlements, Urban Design & Site Planning
76 Short Course on Environmental Planning
DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc.
Recommended