Showering Neutrino Astronomies at Horizons

D.Fargion@roma1.infn.itD.Fargion@roma1.infn.it Astronomia con i neutriniAstronomia con i neutrini 11

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Why Neutrino may see where and what gammaand UHECR are no allowed to

neutrinoso

accelerated protons interact:

=> the energy fluences in -rays and neutrinos are comparable due to isospin symmetry.

For neutrinos the observable spectrumis practically identical to the productionspectrum, whereas -rays pile up belowthe pair production threshold on theCMB at a few 1014 eV.The Universe acts as a calorimeter forthe total injected electromagnetic energyabove the pair threshold. This constrainsgamma but only part of the neutrino fluxes.

High Energy Neutrino AstronomyHigh Energy Neutrino Astronomyare a Must just behind the cornerare a Must just behind the corner

• Solar,Supernovae Neutrino Astronomy are probed.• Cosmic rays flux as rich as BBR, being charged, are

bent and smeared, blinding most CR astronomy.• UHECR are direct, but BBR cut them, GZK cut , locally.• UHECR themselves must produce GZK- EeV neutrinos. • AGN, GRBs, Star Burst Galaxy must also produce PeV neutrinos. • UHE neutrinos must emerge above atmospheric

neutrino noises: muons tracks and tau showers by their decay in flight (double bang) are their best trace.

Many New Astronomies :Many New Astronomies :Gravitons, SusyGravitons, Susy

UHE NeutralinoUHE Neutralino, low , low

and UHE and UHE NeutrinosNeutrinos

Local number flux of particles Local number flux of particles

Why Horizontal – Upward Tau air-showers are easier to be revealed

than muon tracks ?

Because an air- shower is amplified By its huge secondary number.Millions muons, billions gamma and e-pairs, trillions or more Cerenkov photons.

Muon is single, alone and shine little.

Why Horizontal – Upward Tau Showering is so much linked to neutrino mass and mixing ?Because mixing, even for minimal masses guarantee the flavour transformation from Muon Neutrinos to the Tau Neutrinos. Galactic and cosmic distances are huge respect oscillation lenghts.

8.3 pc

26th ICRC,He 6.1.09, p.396-398.1999.26th ICRC,He 6.1.09, p.396-398.1999.

Tau Air-Showers:In principle Tau Air-Showers:In principle Astronomy versus Elementary Particle Astronomy versus Elementary Particle

Tau Channels ModesTau Channels Modes

Tuning to Air Showers by atmosphere filter Tuning to Air Showers by atmosphere filter at different angles and altitudesat different angles and altitudes

Earth Horizons edge20 km.

Horizontal Air Showers :Horizontal Air Showers :A new Cosmic Ray FrontierA new Cosmic Ray Frontier

• A New mountain of views

• The Iceberg peak of a New Cosmic Ray Spectroscopy

Neutrino and UHECR Air-showers telescopes versus

Muon lepton tracks. AtmosphericVersus astrophysical signals:The vertical downward pollution versus the upward Earth opacity

Earth Opacity by Inner Earth Earth Opacity by Inner Earth Density StructuresDensity Structures

The Earth act as a beam dump The Earth act as a beam dump and the atmosphere as a calorimeter and the atmosphere as a calorimeter

to amplify the Tau Air-Showerto amplify the Tau Air-Shower

Charged current:

Neutral current:

....,, llNll

....,, llll N Glashow Glashow Resonance(E = 6.3 × 10Resonance(E = 6.3 × 101515 eV): eV):

Wee Cascade

Muon interaction lenghtMuon interaction lenght

Unstable tau versus muons at highest energyUnstable tau versus muons at highest energy

Expected TauExpected Tau events at events at

different angles.different angles.GZKGZK input input

neutrino fluxneutrino flux

WaterWater

Expected Expected μμ±± events by events by

Tau Air Tau Air ShowersShowers(Hortaus)(Hortaus)GZK input GZK input

neutrino flux.neutrino flux.

Expected GZK neutrino fluxExpected GZK neutrino flux

Detectors extended in deep valley : Detectors extended in deep valley : ARGO-Tibet ARGO-Tibet

The Ande Mountains as a target for detecting UHE The Ande Mountains as a target for detecting UHE neutrino tau by Horizontal Air-Showers at AUGER:neutrino tau by Horizontal Air-Showers at AUGER:

ANDE SHADOWs on GZK Cosmic Rays from West and Young ANDE SHADOWs on GZK Cosmic Rays from West and Young

Horizontal Tau Air-Showers at EeVsHorizontal Tau Air-Showers at EeVs

D.Fargion The Astrophysical Journal,570,p.909. 2002

The Ande Shadows on AUGERThe Ande Shadows on AUGER

Pastor et. All 2005

Milagro: Vertical TeV gamma Milagro: Vertical TeV gamma versus Muon bundle by tau versus Muon bundle by tau

air-showers on horizonsair-showers on horizons

The EUSO telescope seeing Hortaus in wide FOV: The EUSO telescope seeing Hortaus in wide FOV: tens of events in three years tens of events in three years

Showering Up - Down on MAGIC Horizons :Showering Up - Down on MAGIC Horizons :Cosmic Rays at PeVs –EeVs energy versusCosmic Rays at PeVs –EeVs energy versus

Glashow Resonant 6.3 Pevs and Tau EeVs Air-Showers Glashow Resonant 6.3 Pevs and Tau EeVs Air-ShowersMuon’ s Rings and Arcs, Gamma Lateral Traces:Muon’ s Rings and Arcs, Gamma Lateral Traces:

Fan –like Horizontal Shower Fan –like Horizontal Shower

Horizons distance d= 167 km √(h/2.2 km)Cerenkov Shower opening angle ~ 1°

Conic Air Base Area A ~ 30 km 2

Truncate Air Cone height h ~ 100 km

Truncate Air Cone Volume V ~ 1000 km 3

Truncate Cone Mass M ~ 1 km 3

MAGIC , while pointing a GRB or a SGR Burst at Horizons (~ 3% of the GRB-SGRs events ) behave

as a km3 NEUTRINO TELESCOPE

astro-ph/0505459Neutrino Astronomy beyond

and beneath the Horizons: D. Fargion

MAGIC , while pointing a GRB , SGR or BL Lac Below The Horizons (~ 1% of the GRB-SGRs

events ) on rock behave (near EeV energy)

as a 75 km3 NEUTRINO TELESCOPE

L km w.e.l t = 0.5 km w.e.

Horizons distance d= 167 km √(h/2.2 km) Cerenkov Shower opening angle ~ 0.3°

Inclined Rock Cilinder depth L ~ 10 km

Inclined Conic Rock Base Area A ~ 3*50 =150 km2

Rock Cilinder depth l t ~ 0.5 km w.e.

astro-ph/0511597 D. FargionProgh.Part.Nucl.Phys.57(2006) 384-393.

UHECR Mirror air-showersUHECR Mirror air-showersand their polarizationand their polarization

• Reflection on the Sea of UHECR air-Showers Cherenkov lightsReflection on the Sea of UHECR air-Showers Cherenkov lights

Arrays in Space Station to track Gamma Arrays in Space Station to track Gamma and Cherenkov Horizontal Air-Showersand Cherenkov Horizontal Air-Showers

Air Showers on the Crown array Air Showers on the Crown array telescopetelescope

In Conclusion, while muon tracks may hide in deep undergroundIn Conclusion, while muon tracks may hide in deep underground up-ward Muon-Neutrino Astronomy, the Tau air-Shower up-ward Muon-Neutrino Astronomy, the Tau air-Shower Neutrino Sky lay just under our own Sky: it is the Earth Neutrino Sky lay just under our own Sky: it is the Earth

Conclusioni Conclusioni

1. Tau Neutrino Earth Skimming Astronomy is at the edges

2. Milagro,Shalon, ASHRA,CRTNT, MAGIC and Veritas may discover its air-showers

3. AUGER and ARGO may find it in inclined events

4. Tau Airshowers may arise from the space as Terrestrial Gamma Flashes

5. Time will show that the Tau sky lay just behind our own foot

6. OUR EARTH

Showering Neutrino Astronomies at Horizons

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