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Jerry Shannon | Ph.D. candidate, Geography | University of Minnesota
the practice and politics of food access
Rethinking Food Deserts:
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An area in the United States with limitedaccesstoaffordable and nutritious food,
particularly such an area composed of
predominantly lower incomeneighborhoods and communities.
2008 Farm Bill
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My map goes here!
Data from American Community Survey, 2006-2010 and USDA
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Gallagher, M. (2006). Examining the Impact of Food Deserts on Public Health in Chicago
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Chicagolandrealestateforum.com
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7/40http://impactofspecialneeds.weebly.com
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8/40http://www.hsph.harvard.edu
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My map goes here!
Data from American Community Survey, 2006-2010 and USDA
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archpaper.com
Pullman Walmart, Chicago
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An expanded, spatialized form of
neoliberal paternalism (Soss et al.,2011), a set of policies meant to restore
social order to dysfunctional communities
and mismanaged lives (Brown, 2005).Shannon, J. (2013). Food Deserts: Governing Obesity in
the Neoliberal City. Progress in Human Geography
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From
My map goes here! to
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Two part, multi-method study
1) Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)
2) Neighborhood case studies
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Net outflowof SNAP dollars
(1) Brooklyn
Park
(2) N
Minneapolis
(3) NE
Minneapolis
(4) S
Minneapolis(5) W St. Paul (6) E St. Paul
(7) Downtown
St. Paul
(8) West Side,
St. Paul
Benefits receieved $7,094,123 $32,176,746 $4,805,599 $38,321,034 $25,493,793 $27,647,394 $6,114,038 $4,149,418
Redemptions $275,263 $20,510,864 $2,071,701 $21,263,839 $23,591,939 $17,405,041 $442,219 $3,322,591
% Benefit "outflow" 96% 36% 57% 45% 7% 37% 93% 20%
$-
$5,000,000
$10,000,000
$15,000,000
$20,000,000
$25,000,000
$30,000,000
$35,000,000
$40,000,000
Benefitamount
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Non study
areasBrooklyn Park
N
Minneapolis
NE
Minneapolis
S
MinneapolisWest St. Paul East St. Paul
Downtown
St. Paul
West Side, St.
Paul
Other 2% 0% 0% 26% 3% 4% 4% 7% 4%
Convenience stores 4% 50% 16% 15% 20% 10% 13% 45% 20%
Midsized grocers 4% 50% 19% 59% 60% 20% 12% 48% 76%
Supermarkets/supercenters 90% 0% 64% 0% 17% 66% 71% 0% 0%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
SNAP redemption dollars by store type, Twin Cities study areas
Other
Convenience
stores
Midsized
grocers
Supermarkets
/supercenters
The role of mid-sized grocers
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Neighborhood case studies
androidcheckstand.com
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N. Mpls S. Mpls N. Mpls S. Mpls N. Mpls S. Mpls
Total 98 119 2,519$ 2,701$ 3.6 2.8
Supermarket 37 25 1,297$ 1,254$ 4.1 3.8Mid-sized grocer 12 16 877$ 726$ 1.6 1.5
Convenience 14 23 109$ 199$ 3.4 0.6
Fast food 16 28 143$ 261$ 5.8 2.8
Restaurant 5 13 92$ 169$ 5.2 4.6
Other 14 14 -$ 69$ 1.3 4.0
Trips Cost Avg. Distance (miles)
Case study food shopping
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N. Mpls S. Mpls N. Mpls S. Mpls N. Mpls S. Mpls
Total 98 119 2,519$ 2,701$ 3.6 2.8
Supermarket 37 25 1,297$ 1,254$ 4.1 3.8Mid-sized grocer 12 16 877$ 726$ 1.6 1.5
Convenience 14 23 109$ 199$ 3.4 0.6
Fast food 16 28 143$ 261$ 5.8 2.8
Restaurant 5 13 92$ 169$ 5.2 4.6
Other 14 14 -$ 69$ 1.3 4.0
Trips Cost Avg. Distance (miles)
Case study food shopping
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Mid-sized grocers:
good for lower prices and/or specialty
foods
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N. Mpls S. Mpls N. Mpls S. Mpls N. Mpls S. Mpls
Total 98 119 2,519$ 2,701$ 3.6 2.8
Supermarket 37 25 1,297$ 1,254$ 4.1 3.8Mid-sized grocer 12 16 877$ 726$ 1.6 1.5
Convenience 14 23 109$ 199$ 3.4 0.6
Fast food 16 28 143$ 261$ 5.8 2.8
Restaurant 5 13 92$ 169$ 5.2 4.6
Other 14 14 -$ 69$ 1.3 4.0
Trips Cost Avg. Distance (miles)
Case study food shopping
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LeslieIll get four pounds of bacon because its a
$1.79. And I get a block of cheese for $10, its likefive pounds of cheese. I go there because theprices are really low. Theyre really low. I can goin, like I spent $300, and I probably would havespent $500 if I went to Cub or another grocerystore. So its just an unbelievable amount ofsavings.
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Tyrell
No, no. Absolutelynot. My health is
more important than
anything else, and iftheyre telling me its
outdated stuff, if I eat
too much outdated
stuff, pretty soon I
might become
outdated. So Lows meat pack
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Midpoints are median value
How does vehicle access affect mobility?
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How does vehicle access affect mobility?
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From black/white to shades of grey
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Mobility matters
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Social networks
Next steps
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Next steps
Longitudinal, multi-city analysis of SNAP data
Mobility and the labor of food procurement Supermarket locations and practices
Credits
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Credits
Funding provided by:
National Science Foundation
The University of Minnesota
Minnesota Population Center
Thanks to Helga Leitner, Steve Manson, Brenda
Kayzar, Tracey Deutsch, Francis Harvey, J. Michael
Oakes, George Henderson, Valentine Cadieux, andmany others
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Zoning
Census
Remote sensed data
SNAP d ti T i Citi t FY 2010
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Store Type
Redeeming
Stores
Total
redemptions % of total redemptions Redemptions per store
Farmers' Market 3 $4,610 0% $1,536.58
Fruits/Veg Specialty 2 $24,795 0% $12,397.50
Seafood Specialty 4 $29,966 0.01% $7,491.50
Delivery Route 11 $682,217 0.20% $62,019.73
Non-profit Food Buying Co-op 12 $1,298,562 0.39% $108,213.50Bakery Specialty 67 $1,378,530 0.41% $20,575.07
Large Grocery Store 28 $3,619,160 1.09% $129,255.71
Meat/Poultry Specialty 47 $5,359,226 1.61% $114,026.09
Small Grocery Store 82 $8,688,319 2.61% $105,955.11
Combination Grocery/Other 308 $9,055,583 2.72% $29,401.24
Convenience Store 390 $13,264,261 3.99% $34,010.93
Medium Grocery Store 114 $23,131,448 6.95% $202,907.44
Supermarket 66 $34,297,035 10.31% $519,652.05
Super Store 229 $231,975,063 69.70% $1,012,991.54
Total 1363 $332,808,775
SNAP redemptions, Twin Cities metro, FY 2010
SNAP d ti T i Citi t FY 2010
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Store Type
Redeeming
Stores
Total
redemptions % of total redemptions Redemptions per store
Farmers' Market 3 $4,610 0% $1,536.58
Fruits/Veg Specialty 2 $24,795 0% $12,397.50
Seafood Specialty 4 $29,966 0.01% $7,491.50
Delivery Route 11 $682,217 0.20% $62,019.73
Non-profit Food Buying Co-op 12 $1,298,562 0.39% $108,213.50Bakery Specialty 67 $1,378,530 0.41% $20,575.07
Large Grocery Store 28 $3,619,160 1.09% $129,255.71
Meat/Poultry Specialty 47 $5,359,226 1.61% $114,026.09
Small Grocery Store 82 $8,688,319 2.61% $105,955.11
Combination Grocery/Other 308 $9,055,583 2.72% $29,401.24
Convenience Store 390 $13,264,261 3.99% $34,010.93
Medium Grocery Store 114 $23,131,448 6.95% $202,907.44
Supermarket 66 $34,297,035 10.31% $519,652.05
Super Store 229 $231,975,063 69.70% $1,012,991.54
Total 1363 $332,808,775
SNAP redemptions, Twin Cities metro, FY 2010
SNAP d ti T i Citi t FY 2010
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Store Type
Redeeming
Stores
Total
redemptions % of total redemptions Redemptions per store
Farmers' Market 3 $4,610 0% $1,536.58
Fruits/Veg Specialty 2 $24,795 0% $12,397.50
Seafood Specialty 4 $29,966 0.01% $7,491.50
Delivery Route 11 $682,217 0.20% $62,019.73
Non-profit Food Buying Co-op 12 $1,298,562 0.39% $108,213.50Bakery Specialty 67 $1,378,530 0.41% $20,575.07
Large Grocery Store 28 $3,619,160 1.09% $129,255.71
Meat/Poultry Specialty 47 $5,359,226 1.61% $114,026.09
Small Grocery Store 82 $8,688,319 2.61% $105,955.11
Combination Grocery/Other 308 $9,055,583 2.72% $29,401.24
Convenience Store 390 $13,264,261 3.99% $34,010.93
Medium Grocery Store 114 $23,131,448 6.95% $202,907.44
Supermarket 66 $34,297,035 10.31% $519,652.05
Super Store 229 $231,975,063 69.70% $1,012,991.54
SNAP redemptions, Twin Cities metro, FY 2010
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