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Sexual Reproduction of Sexual Reproduction of AngiospermsAngiosperms
Adaptations of flowers to insure Adaptations of flowers to insure successful reproduction:successful reproduction:– Bright ColorsBright Colors– Scent Scent – Shape and SizesShape and Sizes
WHY?!?WHY?!? Attract animal pollinatorsAttract animal pollinators
Angiosperms…Angiosperms… Flowers that are not bright in color, Flowers that are not bright in color,
smell good, or good in shape and smell good, or good in shape and size rely on:size rely on:– WindWind– WaterWater– Indirect Pollination Indirect Pollination – Self PollinationSelf Pollination
Parts of a FlowerParts of a Flower1. Sepals
2. Petals 3. Stamen
4. Carpels
Parts of a flowerParts of a flower
(Carpels)
Petal
Parts of a FlowerParts of a Flower SepalSepal-outer most ring protect the -outer most ring protect the
petals when the flower is developingpetals when the flower is developing
Parts of a FlowerParts of a Flower PetalsPetals- 2- 2ndnd ring in, job is to attract ring in, job is to attract
pollinators, size and shape, and pollinators, size and shape, and fragrance.fragrance.
Parts of a Flower-StamenParts of a Flower-Stamen StamenStamen-3-3rdrd ring in, is the male ring in, is the male
reproductive structure.reproductive structure.
Parts of a Flower-StamenParts of a Flower-Stamen– AntherAnther: pollen structures that develop : pollen structures that develop
into pollen grains.into pollen grains.– FilamentFilament: supports the anther, stalk-: supports the anther, stalk-
likelike
Parts of a Flower-CarpelsParts of a Flower-Carpels CarpelsCarpels- inner most ring, female - inner most ring, female
reproductive structure.reproductive structure.
(Carpels)
Parts of a Flower-CarpelsParts of a Flower-Carpels--PistilPistil- 2 or more carpels fused together- 2 or more carpels fused together
A. A. StigmaStigma- top part of the pistil tip of style, - top part of the pistil tip of style, contains hairs to attract pollen grainscontains hairs to attract pollen grains
B. B. StyleStyle-Stalk-like, raises up from ovary -Stalk-like, raises up from ovary where pollen tubes are createdwhere pollen tubes are created
C. C. OvaryOvary-large base of pistil, -large base of pistil, ovulesovules are are found inside (female sex cells)found inside (female sex cells)
Parts of a Flower-CarpelsParts of a Flower-Carpels
Flower FactsFlower FactsMost flowers=hermaphroditesMost flowers=hermaphroditesSome=only 1 sex organSome=only 1 sex organ
Annual= plant every yearAnnual= plant every yearPerennials= come back each Perennials= come back each
yearyear
Plant ReproductionPlant Reproduction**See Figure 32-9 Pg. 633****See Figure 32-9 Pg. 633**
Ovules- form in ovary of pistilOvules- form in ovary of pistil Pollen Grains- form in anther of Pollen Grains- form in anther of
stamenstamen
Pollen GrainsPollen Grains
PollinationPollination Transfer of pollen from the anther to Transfer of pollen from the anther to
the egg in the ovary thru many the egg in the ovary thru many methodsmethods
Double Fertilization Double Fertilization Union of gametesUnion of gametes
1n1n pollen + pollen + 1n1n ovule= ovule= 2n2n zygote zygote
Zygote goes through mitosis to Zygote goes through mitosis to create the embryocreate the embryo
Double Fertilization Double Fertilization
1n1n pollen + pollen + 22 polar nuclei = polar nuclei = 3n3n endosperm endosperm
endospermendosperm for nourishment for embryofor nourishment for embryo used up by embryo as seeds mature used up by embryo as seeds mature
FruitFruit Mature ovaryMature ovary Made up of maternal tissueMade up of maternal tissue
PurposePurpose– Protect seeds and aid in dispersal Protect seeds and aid in dispersal – If too close together compete to surviveIf too close together compete to survive– Delays sprouting until correct conditions Delays sprouting until correct conditions
are availableare available
Types of FruitTypes of Fruit 1. 1. SimpleSimple
– Single ovary from a single flower formed Single ovary from a single flower formed from 1 pistil of 1 flowerfrom 1 pistil of 1 flowerEx. Dry vs. FleshyEx. Dry vs. Fleshy
– Peas, corn, wheat, cherry, apple, tomatoPeas, corn, wheat, cherry, apple, tomato
Types of FruitTypes of Fruit 2. 2. AggregateAggregate
– Formed from several pistils of a single Formed from several pistils of a single flowerflowerEx. Raspberry and StrawberryEx. Raspberry and Strawberry
Types of FruitTypes of Fruit
3. Multiple3. Multiple– Formed from several flowers growing Formed from several flowers growing
togethertogetherEx. Pineapples and FigsEx. Pineapples and Figs
Parts of a FruitParts of a Fruit(Pit)
(Flesh) (Skin)
Fruit and Seed DispersalFruit and Seed Dispersal
WindWind– Orchids= dust like seedsOrchids= dust like seeds– Dandelions= parachutesDandelions= parachutes
Fruit and Seed DispersalFruit and Seed Dispersal
AnimalAnimal– Seeds pass unharmed thru digestive Seeds pass unharmed thru digestive
tract (Feces + New Spot)tract (Feces + New Spot)– Carry seeds or fruit on or in themCarry seeds or fruit on or in them
Fruit and Seed DispersalFruit and Seed Dispersal
Water Water – Seeds or fruits contain air chambers that Seeds or fruits contain air chambers that
allow them to floatallow them to floatEx. CoconutEx. Coconut
Fruit and Seed DispersalFruit and Seed Dispersal GravityGravity
– Male cones on top facing down, female Male cones on top facing down, female facing upfacing up
– Sperm falls from seeds, cone fall off and Sperm falls from seeds, cone fall off and roll awayroll away
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