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Elements and Principles of Art and Design
Elements: LineTo show
Shape, Form, Space
Seven Elements of Art
LineShape FormValueSpaceTextureColor
Elements of Art =Ingredients to a recipe
Need quality ingredients for quality results
Follow the recipe:Can’t throw everything in
Principles of Design = RecipeThe Principles are how the Elements are
organized and combined
LINE: The most fundamental, simplest, universal element of art.
Literal Definition: A mark that spans a distance between two points (or the path of a moving point), taking any form along the way; A moving dot.
Definition as an Element of Art: The use of various marks, outlines and implied lines in artwork and design, most often used to define shape in two-dimensional work.
What is Line Used For?Line can be used to show movement, shape, form, value, space/perspective, gesture, expression/emotion, etc.
“Drawing is like taking a line for a walk..”
Line Variation: Different kinds of lines: Vary in direction, length, width/weight, texture
Line Directions:Horizontal, Vertical, Diagonal, Zig Zag (Combination of diagonal lines),Curved (change direction gradually, can have different degrees)
Line Weight: Thickness or thinness of a line:
Varying the line weight makes objects more 3D and interesting, adds value, dimension, weight, and emphasis
Line Variation, Direction, Weight:
Implied Line:The path that the viewer's eye takes as it follows shapes, colors, and form along a path, but may not be continuous or physically connected.
Expressive Line:Line that shows a certain mood, feeling, or emotion through variation, direction, weight, implication,etc.
Contour: Line, Outline, or Outside Edge
Blind contour drawing: A contour drawing that is drawn while looking at the object being drawn without ever looking at the paper.
Eyes remain on the object at all times. The eyes slowly follow the contours of the object being drawn.
Every line, shape, and texture that is seen must be translated directly through the eyes, hand, pencil, and onto the paper. Pencil should never leave the paper.
Exercise of the right brain: Visual, creative, objective, observational
Ellipse (in Art)An oval that represents a circular shape at an angle
An ellipse can have a thickness of anywhere between a line and a circle
Cross ContourUsing line to show the form of a shape
Ellipses and ellipse-like marks and measurements are used
Cross Contour
1 pt. and 2 pt. Perspective
Always measure your angles
Find your vanishing point(s)
Your vanishing points should both rest on your horizon line (eye level)
1 pt. Perspective: 1 vanishing point
2 pt. Perspective: 1 vanishing point
Preview: Hatching and Cross-Hatching: Using line to create form and value. (This is also part of the elements of shape, form, value, and texture)
Gesture Drawing
- Capturing the essence
- Not what it is, but - what it is doing
- Looseness: A “controlled scribble”
How to do a gesture drawing:Begin with one directional line for the spine Find direction of shoulders and hipsLoose drawing; use whole arm, relaxDraw the whole figure at onceImagine that you are the modelDraw from the inside out Start lightly, then gradually build darkerDarker strokes show weight / tension
Line and Brain Quiz
Study Guide
Please review the following terms, techniques, and concepts:
Left Brain vs. Right BrainDrawing Symbols vs. Drawing from ObservationContourBlind Contour DrawingExpressive LineLine Direction & VariationImplied LineLine WeightEllipsesCross-Contour2-Point PerspectiveFacial ProportionsGesture DrawingHow line is used by various artists
Portrait of Igor Stravinsky
By Pablo Picasso(Spain)
1920
Rinoceros By Albrecht Dürer (German Artist, Mathematician, Theorist)
Drawing & Woodcut
1515213
Studies for the Libyan Sibyl
By Michelangelo
Italy (Renaissance)
1508
New City By John Hultberg
Oil on Canvas America 1957
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