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2020 IEEE-SA Ethernet & IP @ Automotive Technology Day
“Service-Oriented Gateway:
Connecting Automotive Ethernet and Cloud
for Efficient Development of Connected Car Services”
Wonseon SimHyundai Motor Group
Seung Jun LeeAirPlug, Inc.
2020 IEEE-SA Ethernet & IP @ Automotive Technology Day
Contents Service-oriented Gateway
• End-to-End Service-oriented Architecture
• External Connectivity : Challenges & Approach
• Structural Concept
• Software Architecture
Features of Service-oriented Gateway
• Protocol Conversion – Service Communication
• Protocol Handling – Service Discovery
• Edge Processing
• Policy & Access Control
• Network Utilization
Connected Car Service Example
• Door Control Service
• Emergency Alarm Service
Concluding Remarks
2020 IEEE-SA Ethernet & IP @ Automotive Technology Day
Service-oriented Gateway• End-to-End Service-oriented Architecture
• External Connectivity : Challenges & Approach
• Structural Concept
• Software Architecture
2020 IEEE-SA Ethernet & IP @ Automotive Technology Day
End-to-End Service-oriented Architecture
End-to-End Service-oriented Architecture
• Extended Service-level Transparency and Integrated Service Design
CANIFC
SoAAdaptor
Ethernet
Services & Consumers Service-
orientedGateway
Ext.NWIFC
CloudFunctions
Ethernet-based IVN External NetworksLegacy IVN
External Function& Information
Legacy Function& Information Service Communication
End-to-End Service-level Transparency
Service ExternalConversion
Legacy ServiceConversion
ServiceRegistry
2020 IEEE-SA Ethernet & IP @ Automotive Technology Day
External Connectivity : Challenges and Approach
External Devices on External Network• Vehicle needs to interwork with external devices like cloud servers and smart devices.
• Interworking need gets much larger for ADAS and other connected car services.
• External networks have very different characteristics compared to IVN
: availability, bandwidth, latency, cost, etc.
• Application Protocols for external connectivity are usually different from those for IVN in general.
• High-risk security issues when interworking through external networks.
Service-oriented Gateway
• Handles issues related with external device/network interworking.
• Converts Application Protocols and Translates Services.
• Caches external information to deal with availability & cost issues of external networks.
• Applies Policy and Performs Service-level Access Control.
• Should be implemented on ECU with external connectivity.
2020 IEEE-SA Ethernet & IP @ Automotive Technology Day
Structural Concept
Structural Concept of Service-oriented Gateway Interworking with Cloud Functions & Services• In-vehicle Service Applications use Data/Functions from Cloud
• Cloud uses Data/Functions provided by In-vehicle Service Applications
Ext. NW.
Interface
Ethernet Switch
TCP/IPAut. Ethernet
High Performance ECUwith External Network Interface
Consu. App
TCP/IPAut. Ethernet
SOME/IP
Other In-vehicleECU’s
Service
• Location• Veh. speed
• Get_RoadCond• Get_WeathFcst
CloudFunctions
&Services
• RoadCond• WeathFcst
• Get_Loc• Get_Speed
Cloud Servers
Service-oriented
G/WServiceConsu.
App
SOME/IP
Service Domain External Domain
※ Cloud Service
※ In-Vehicle Service
2020 IEEE-SA Ethernet & IP @ Automotive Technology Day
Software Architecture
Service-oriented Gateway
SOME/IP
TCP/IP
MappingInfo.
Parser
Data Processing
Mapping Info.
Service I/F
Svc. Prov. Service Translation & Protocol Conversion
caching
DataHandlingManager
IVN(Ethernet)
Service-oriented G/W relays information between External Devices and In-Vehicle ECU’s• With external devices: HTTP/MQTT/SMS depending on communication pattern
• With in-vehicle ECU’s: Service-oriented communication based on SOME/IP
Cloud Servers
Policy & Control
MQTT HTTP SMS
External Network(Cellular, WiFi, Bluetooth)
Svc. Cons.Policy
In-Vehicle ECU’s
2020 IEEE-SA Ethernet & IP @ Automotive Technology Day
Features of Service-oriented Gateway• Protocol Conversion – Service Communication
• Protocol Handling – Service Discovery
• Edge Processing
• Policy & Access Control
• Network Utilization
2020 IEEE-SA Ethernet & IP @ Automotive Technology Day
Protocol Conversion: Service Communication
Two-way Communication : Vehicle Origination• Service Consumer makes method requests to G/W and the requests are relayed to External Networks
using HTTP.
Cloud(Server)
ServiceApplication(Consumer)
Service Interface
(1) Method Call
(4) MethodResponse
(2) Request
(3) Response
Server Comm. Protocol
Service-oriented Gateway(Service Provider)
Method Request Request to Cloud
Method Response Response from Cloud
Mapping
SOME/IP HTTP (SMS)
2020 IEEE-SA Ethernet & IP @ Automotive Technology Day
Protocol Conversion: Service Communication
Two-way Communication : Vehicle Termination• After receiving requests from Cloud, G/W makes corresponding method calls to an appropriate
Service Provider and relays the responses to Cloud
Cloud(Server)
ServiceApplication(Provider)
Service Interface
(2) Method Call
(3) MethodResponse
(1) Request
(4) Response
Server Comm. Protocol
Service-oriented Gateway(Service Consumer)
Method Request Request from Cloud
Method Response Response to Cloud
Mapping
SOME/IP MQTT / SMS
2020 IEEE-SA Ethernet & IP @ Automotive Technology Day
Protocol Conversion: Service Communication
One-way Communication : Vehicle Origination• Service Provider fire an event to G/W and then G/W relays the event data to Cloud using HTTP
• To facilitate communication with In-vehicle ECU, G/W utilizes SOME/IP SD to subscribe to events
Cloud(Server)
ServiceApplication(Provider)
Service Interface
(1) Event (2) Publish
Server Comm. Protocol
Service-oriented G/W(Service Consumer)
Event Publish Message to Cloud
Mapping
SOME/IP HTTP (SMS)
(0) Subscribe
(0) Subscribe ACK
(0) Offer
2020 IEEE-SA Ethernet & IP @ Automotive Technology Day
Protocol Conversion: Service Communication
One-way Communication : Vehicle Termination• G/W relays data from Cloud to In-vehicle ECU’s as event notification
Cloud(Server)
ServiceApplication(Consumer)
Service Interface
(2) Event(1) Publish
Server Comm. Protocol
Service-oriented Gateway(Service Provider)
Event Publish Message from Cloud
Mapping
SOME/IP MQTT / SMS
(0) Subscribe
(0) Subscribe ACK
(0) Offer
2020 IEEE-SA Ethernet & IP @ Automotive Technology Day
Protocol Conversion: Service Communication
External Connection Status is mapped to corresponding Service Domain Behavior• Example
- In case of unstable network or busy server: Retry Server Connection (NOT_OK if Time out)
- In case of no available network : Respond with NOT_OK
Service-oriented Gateway
CloudService
Application(Consumer)
Network Unstable
Service-oriented Gateway
CloudService
Application(Consumer)
No Available Network
X
Method Call
NOT_OK (Time Out)
Method Call
Try Server Connection & Make a Request
…Time Out
NOT_OK (No N/W)
2020 IEEE-SA Ethernet & IP @ Automotive Technology Day
Protocol Handling: Service Discovery
G/W performs Service Discovery for service-oriented communication with In-vehicle ECU’s• Uses SOME/IP SD Protocol
• Adaptive Operation Timing and Behavior Modes in accordance to External Network status
Service-orientedGateway
CloudService
Application(Consumer)
Connection OK
Service-orientedGateway
CloudService
Application(Consumer)
Disconnected
X
Service-orientedGateway
CloudServiceApplication(Consumer)
----- Connecting -----
Subscribe
Subscribe ACK
Offer Service
Offer Service
X
Subscribe
Subscribe NACK
Offer Service
(Example)
2020 IEEE-SA Ethernet & IP @ Automotive Technology Day
Edge Processing
Caching Responses from External Networks• Prevents unnecessary excessive connections to external networks
• Improves Responsiveness & Reduces Network Cost
ServiceConsumer
#2
Request
Cloud
Service-oriented Gateway
ServiceConsumer
#1 ResponseResponse
cache
Request
Response
XX
GetWeatherInfo { }
GetWeatherInfo { }
2020 IEEE-SA Ethernet & IP @ Automotive Technology Day
Edge Processing
Filtering & Aggregation• Relays less data and less frequently to Cloud than received from in-vehicle ECU’s
• Performs Period-based or Contents-based Filtering
• Aggregates Multiple Events from One or Several Service Applications
• Reduces Communication loads and Network costs
Service-orientedGateway
CloudServiceApplication
Event (every 10ms)10ms
Publish (every 10sec)
or
Publish (only if significant change)
…
Service-orientedGateway
Cloud
ServiceApplication A
Event_A1
…
ServiceApplication B Event_B Publish
{ Event_A1, Event_A2, Event_B}
Event_A2
2020 IEEE-SA Ethernet & IP @ Automotive Technology Day
Policy & Access Control
Service-level Access Control• Access Control at Service Level or Service Element Level (e.g., for each method or event)
• Access Control Policy can be applied Statically or Dynamically from Cloud
Operation Policy• Policy can be applied for other G/W operations like Filtering, Caching, and Network Mapping.
Service-oriented Gateway Cloud
ServiceApplication(Consumer)
Disable Method A1Method A1 Call
NOT_OK(Not Authorized)
Service-orientedGateway
ServiceApplication(Consumer)
Subscribe A2
Subscribe NACK
Stop Offer
Policy
Cloud
Disable Event A2or
Disable Service A
Policy
2020 IEEE-SA Ethernet & IP @ Automotive Technology Day
Connected Car Service Example• Door Control Service
• Emergency Alarm Service
2020 IEEE-SA Ethernet & IP @ Automotive Technology Day
SoA Adaptor
Connected Car Service Example
Remote Door Control Function
• Utilizes existing “Door Control Service” provided by SoA Adaptor
Service-oriented Gateway
Cloud
Door ControlService
Consumer
DoorControlService
Service Name Service Interface Argument Direction G/W Acts as External Protocol
Door Control Request & ResponseDoor Position (FL/FR/RL/RR)
Target Status (Lock/Unlock)
Vehicle
TerminationService
ConsumerMQTT
SwitchControl
Application
Motion Control
Application
Voice ControlApplication
2020 IEEE-SA Ethernet & IP @ Automotive Technology Day
SoA Adaptor
Connected Car Service Example
Airbag Activation Alarm Function
• Utilizes existing “Emergency Alarm Service” provided by Service-oriented G/W
Service-oriented Gateway
Cloud
Service Name Service Interface Argument Direction G/W Acts as External Protocol
Emergency Alarm Request & ResponseCurrent Position
Alarm Reason
Vehicle
OriginationService
ProviderHTTP
AirBag StatusService
Position Service
SwitchControl
Application
AutomaticEmergencyApplication
EmergencyAlarm
ServiceProvider
2020 IEEE-SA Ethernet & IP @ Automotive Technology Day
Concluding Remarks
• SoA can be extended to End-to-End from legacy ECUs to Cloud.
• Service-oriented G/W can be introduced for efficient SoA extension to Cloud.
• It enables in-vehicle S/W to interact with Cloud in a service-oriented way.
• It efficiently handles external-network related issues like availability, delay, cost, and security,
by performing protocol conversion, caching, filtering, network mapping, and access control.
• Its operation can be dynamically controlled as defined in the policy from Cloud.
• With SoA Adaptor and Service-oriented G/W, new connected car services can be developed
and deployed with least time and effort.
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